Amandla omquba: guqula imfucuza yakho ibe yigolide elimnyama engadini

Cabanga ukuthi ikhasi ngalinye likabhanana, yonke ikhofi egayiwe, kanye neqabunga ngalinye elomile olilahlayo lingaguqulwa libe yingcebo emnyama, ethambile, nephilayo eyenza izitshalo zakho zichume. Leyo ngcebo ingumquba, isitshalo esidumile “igolide elimnyama” lensimufuthi ungakwazi Zenzele wena ekhaya ngezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa kakhulu kanye nokuphikelela okuncane.

Ngaphandle kokuba yindlela elula yokuvuselela, ukwenza umquba kuyithuluzi elimangalisayo kunoma ubani ofuna ingadi noma isabelo esinempilo, esikhiqizayo, nesiqhubekayo. Uguqula imfucuza ibe yimithombo, uthuthukise inhlabathi, unakekele iplanethi, futhi wonge imali kumanyolo. Futhi, uma ufaka ne-worm castings, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umabhebhana noma "igolide elimnyama" lezibungu zomhlabaManje usungene kwiChampions League yokulima ngendlela yemvelo.

Kuyini ukwenza umquba futhi kungani kubizwa ngokuthi “igolide elimnyama”?

Uma sikhuluma ngakho composting sibhekisela ku-a inqubo yezinto eziphilayo yokubola kwe-aerobic (ngomoya-mpilo) lapho izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezifana nokudla, amaqabunga noma izingcezu zotshani ziguqulwa yizinto ezincane (amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, ama-actinomycetes) kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla enhlabathini (izibungu zomhlaba, ama-arthropod) zibe yinto emnyama, ekhululekile ebizwa ngokuthi umquba.

Lowo mquba ubhekwa njengo umanyolo osezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuthuthukisa inhlabathiIbizwa ngokuthi "igolide elimnyama" ngoba, nakuba ingakhanyi, ifanele isisindo sayo segolide enhlabathini: ithuthukisa isakhiwo senhlabathi, igcina amanzi kangcono, yandisa ukutholakala kwezakhamzimba, futhi ikhulisa umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo we-substrate. Konke lokhu kuholela ezitshalweni ezinempilo ezinezimpande eziqinile nezinkinga ezimbalwa zezinambuzane nezifo.

Umquba awukona nje ukudla: usebenza njenge isilungisi senhlabathi sesikhathi esideEsikhundleni sokunikeza amandla asheshayo njengomanyolo amaningi amakhemikhali, ikhipha izakhamzimba kancane kancane nangokuqhubekayo, isiza ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-pH, futhi ikhuthaza imvelo ephilayo engaphansi komhlaba, okuyisihluthulelo sengadi ephilayo ngempela.

Izinzuzo ezinhle zomquba engadini kanye nensimu yezithelo

Phakathi kwezimfanelo eziningi zomquba, kunezimbalwa ezenza umehluko kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wezingadi noma wezolimo zasemadolobheni. Lokhu okubalulekile "Konke kukodwa" ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi yakho kanye nendlela yakho yokulima.

• Umanyolo wemvelo nolinganiselayo: Umquba unikeza i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, kanye nokukhethwa okuhle kwezakhamzimba ezincane (njenge-zinc, i-manganese, ne-iron) ngezilinganiso ezithambile nezitholakala kalula. Awugcwalisi isitshalo ngosawoti, kodwa kunalokho uyondla kancane kancane.
• Isakhiwo somhlabathi esinempilo kakhulu: Enhlabathini enzima, enobumba, umquba uphula ukuqina, okwenza kube lula futhi kube nomoya omningi. Enhlabathini enesihlabathi, kusiza izinhlayiya ukuthi zihlangane kangcono futhi kuthuthukise ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Kuzo zombili izimo, izimpande zikhula kalula kakhulu.
• Umthamo omkhulu wokugcina amanzi: Izinto eziphilayo zisebenza njengesiponji, zivumela inhlabathi ukuthi imunce umswakama. igcina umswakama isikhathi esideLokhu kusiza ukuvimbela inhlabathi yakho ukuthi ingomi ngokushesha ehlobo futhi kukuvumela ukuthi unisele isikhathi eside.
• Ukuguguleka okuncane kanye nokuqina okwengeziwe: Ngokuthuthukisa isakhiwo senhlabathi, umquba unciphisa ukulahleka kwenhlabathi ngenxa yomoya nemvula. Uwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithe qelele noma ezindaweni eziveziwe, lapho kusiza khona inhlabathi ukuthi ihlale iqinile futhi ibumbene.
• Ukuqhuma kokuphila kwamagciwane anenzuzo: Umquba owenziwe kahle uyinto yangempela ihhotela lezinkanyezi ezinhlanu lama-microorganisms eziphula izinto eziphilayo, ziphinde zisebenzise izakhamzimba, futhi zincintisane namagciwane. Kufana nokugoma inhlabathi yakho ngempilo enhle.
• Ukumelana okukhulu nezifo: Izitshalo ezikhuliswe enhlabathini ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo zivame ukuba nezinkinga ezimbalwa zesikhunta kanye nezimpande. Ukufaka umquba omuhle kukhuthaza indawo elinganiselayo yamagciwane okwenza kube nzima ukuthi amagciwane athathe indawo yawo.
• Ukusimama nokonga: Ngokufaka umquba, unciphisa kakhulu inani lemfucuza egcina itholakala ezindaweni zokulahla udoti kanye Unciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuhambisana nokuphathwa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usebenzisa imali encane kakhulu ekubhaliseni kwezentengiso.

Izinhlobo zomquba nezindlela zokuthola “igolide elimnyama”

Akuzona zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifana, futhi azenziwanga ngendlela efanayo; kunezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi izinto zokwakha zisukaphi kanye nendlela esetshenzisiwe. Ukuzazi kuzokusiza ukhethe. uhlelo olufanelana kahle nendawo yakho kanye nemigomo yakho.

1. Umquba wengadi: Yenziwe ngokuyinhloko ngemfucuza yasegadini: amaqabunga omisiwe, izingcezu zotshani, amagatsha amancane, udoti wokuthena, izitshalo ezindala zonyaka, njll. Ilungele kakhulu buyisela emhlabathini lokho okukhiqizwa yingadiukuvala umjikelezo wezinto eziphilayo.
2. Umquba wasekhishini: Isisekelo lapha yimfucuza yasekhaya: amakhasi ezithelo nemifino, izingcezu zemifino eluhlaza, izihlungi zekhofi, izikhwama zetiye, amagobolondo amaqanda achotshoziwe, iphepha lasekhishini elingenayo inki namakhemikhali, njll. Liphelele ekunakekeleni ukudla. izimbiza zezimbali, imibhede ephakanyisiwe kanye nezingadi ezincane zasemadolobheni.
3. Umquba womquba: Ilungiswa ngendle yezilwane zasemapulazini (izinkomo, amahhashi, izimvu, izinkukhu, onogwaja) ixutshwe notshani noma ezinye izinto ezicebile ngekhabhoni. Uma ihlanganiswe kahle, inothile kakhulu ngezakhamzimba futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa... ezolimo ezijulile kanye nokulima.
4. Umquba wasedolobheni noma womphakathi: Kuvela ekuqoqweni nasekuphathweni kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo evela emakhaya amaningi, emabhizinisini, nasezindaweni zomphakathi emadolobheni noma emadolobheni. Bese kusetshenziswa amapaki, izingadi zomphakathi kanye nezindawo eziluhlaza zikamasipala.
5. I-vermicompost noma i-worm humus: Itholakala ngenxa yezibungu zomhlaba ezikhethekile (njenge-Eisenia fetida) ezidla imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo bese ziyiguqula ibe yinto encane, emnyama egcwele impilo yamagciwane. umanyolo we-premium, ozinzile kakhulu futhi ogxilile, ilungele cishe noma yisiphi isitshalo.

Abalingiswa bangempela: izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo

Ukwenza umquba kuyasebenza ngoba izigidi zezinto eziphilayo zisebenza ngokungakhathali ngaphakathi kwenqwaba yakho. Awukwazi ukukubona, kodwa iqembu langempela lezinto eziphilayo liyaqhubeka lapho. Lezi zidalwa ziyi- unesibopho sokuguqula imfucuza ibe yimithombo:

• Amagciwane: Zingabokuqala ukufika futhi ziningi kakhulu. Zinesibopho sokuphula ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, namafutha abe imikhiqizo elula. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza ukushisa okuningi, zikhuphule izinga lokushisa lenqwaba futhi zikhuthaze ukubola okusheshayo.
• Amakhowe: Ochwepheshe bezinto eziqinile, njenge-cellulose ne-lignin (amagatsha, iziqu eziqinile, amaqabunga aqinile). Bakhiqiza ama-enzyme aqinisa phula imicu yezitshalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi amabhaktheriya ewodwa awakwazi ukuwaphatha kahle.
• Ama-Actinomycetes: Ama-microorganisms aphakathi kwamabhaktheriya nesikhunta, awusizo kakhulu ekubhidlizeni izinto ezingamelani nezifo. Ngokuvamile yiwo anikeza lokho lelo phunga eliyisici lomhlabathi omanzi kusuka kumquba omuhle ovuthiwe.
• Izikelemu zomhlaba: Ngokumba, ukugwinya, nokukhipha inhlabathi nezinto eziphilayo, bahlukanisa izinto, bazixube nenhlabathi, futhi bazicebise ngendle yazo (i-humus). Imigodi yabo idala iziteshi zamanzi nomoya, ithuthukisa kakhulu isakhiwo senhlabathi.
• Ama-arthropod nezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla: Amabhungane, izibungu, ama-springtails, ama-woodlice, ama-millipede… Eziningi zazo ziphula amaqabunga kanye nemfucumfucu eqinile, okwenza kube lula ngamagciwane ukwenza umsebenzi wawo. Ziluhlobo oluthile lwe- "imishini yokuchoboza ngaphambilini" yemvelo.

Indlela inqubo yokwenza umquba esebenza ngayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Nakuba kuyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi, kusukela ngaphandle ukwenza umquba kuqondakala njengochungechunge lwezigaba ezixhumene. Into ebalulekile ukuthi uqonde lokho Lonke umjikelezo umayelana nokuxuba kahle, ukufaka umoya, nokugcina umswakama ezanele.

• 1. Ukuqoqwa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto: Hlanganisa izingcezu zasekhishini, amaqabunga, imfucuza yokuthena, izingcezu ezisikiwe, utshani, amakhadibhodi, njll. Isihluthulelo ukuxuba izinto eziluhlaza (ezicebile nge-nitrogen) nezinto ezicebile nge-carbon (ezinsundu) ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe se- Izingxenye ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3 ezinsundu kuya kwengxenye eyodwa eluhlaza ngevolumu.
• 2. Ukuqala kokubola: Uma inqwaba seyakhiwe noma isitsha sesigcwele, amabhaktheriya kanye nesikhunta kuyaqala ukusebenza. Umsebenzi wawo wokugaya ukudla udala ukushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa lenqwaba liyakhuphuka (ekuhlanganiseni okushisayo kungafinyelela ku-50-70 ºC), okusheshisa ukuguqulwa futhi kusize ekubhubhiseni imbewu yokhula kanye namagciwane angaba khona.
• 3. Umoya kanye nokujika: Ukuze iqembu liqhubeke lisebenza kahle, kudingeka kunikezwe umoya-mpilo. Lokho sekufeziwe. ukuphenduphendula inqwaba njalo Ngokusebenzisa ifoloko noma ukujikelezisa umquba. Ukuxuba kusabalalisa kabusha umswakama, kuhlanganisa izinto ezintsha nezibolile kakhulu, futhi kuvimbela izikhwama ezixineneyo nezinuka kabi.
• 4. Isigaba sokupholisa nokuvuthwa: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi onzima kakhulu uyancipha, izinga lokushisa liyehla, futhi izinto eziphilayo ezikhetha izimo ezipholile, njengezikelemu eziningi zomhlaba kanye ne-actinomycetes, ziyaqala ukusebenza. Izinto ziyazinza, zifane, futhi ziba ukuthungwa okusanhlamvu kanye nephunga elimnandi lehlathi.
• 5. Umquba olungele ukusetshenziswa: Uma cishe kungekho zinsalela zokuqala ezibonakalayo futhi inqwaba ibukeka njengenhlabathi emnyama, ethambile, futhi efanayo, umquba wakho usuke usuvuthiwe. Kusukela lapho kuqhubeke, ungawusebenzisa njenge ukulungiswa, i-mulch, ingxube yebhodwe, noma isisekelo setiye lomquba.

Indima ebalulekile yesilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen kanye nomswakama

Inqwaba yomquba esebenza njengentelezi ivame ukutholakala ngokulinganisela okuhle phakathi kwezinto ezomile nezimanzi. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-brown" (acebile ngekhabhoni) kanye "nohlaza" (ocebile nge-nitrogen) kwakha isisekelo senqwaba enempilo, engenaphunga, futhi ekhula ngokushesha.

Ukuze ugweme ukwenza izinto zibe nzima ngamafomula, ungasebenzisa umthetho olula: gcina phakathi kwamabhakede amabili kuya kwamathathu ezinto ezinsundu ebhakedeni ngalinye lezinto eziluhlazaEmpeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi njalo uma ufaka izingcezu zasekhishini noma utshani obusha, kufanele wengeze ungqimba olukhulu lwamaqabunga omile, ikhadibhodi eliqoshiwe, utshani, noma izinto ezifanayo.

Umswakama ungenye into ebalulekile; ama-microorganisms adinga amanzi, kodwa hhayi ichibi. Isiqondiso esivamile ukuthi inqwaba kufanele ihlale phansi njengesiponji esicoliwe kahleKufanele kube manzi uma kuthintwa, kodwa kungaconsi uma kucindezelwa. Uma komile kakhulu, ukubola kuyehla; uma kumanzi, kuphelelwa umoya bese kuqala ukunuka kabi.

Umoya-mpilo ungena esithombeni ngokungenisa umoya. Ukuwuphendula njalo ngemva kwesonto elilodwa noma amabili kuyasiza. gwema izindawo ezincane nezinuka kabiSabalalisa umswakama futhi usheshise inqubo. Ezitsheni ezijikelezayo, ukuziphendula njalo kufeza umphumela ofanayo.

Lokho ongakufaka kumquba nokuthi yini okufanele uyigweme.

Ikhwalithi "yegolide elimnyama" ozolithola incike ngqo kulokho okufaka enqwabeni. Akuzona zonke izinto ezifanele, futhi kubalulekile ukucaca ngalokho okufunayo. Yebo, kuphephile ukwenza umquba. nokuthi yini engcono kakhulu ukuyishiya ngaphandle.

Phakathi kwezinto ezinconywayo zomshini wakho wokwenza umquba wasekhaya kukhona izingcezu eziningi zansuku zonke: amakhasi ezithelo nemifino, ikhofi eligayiwe nezihlungi zalo, izikhwama zetiye ngaphandle kwezinto eziyisisekelo, amagobolondo amaqanda achotshoziwe kahle, izingcezu zotshani ezifakwe ungqimba oluncane, amaqabunga omisiwe, izingcezu ezincane ezisikiwe, amakhadibhodi angenawo uyinki okhanyayo, iphephandaba, uthuli lwezinkuni zemvelo kanye nenani elincane lomlotha wokhuni ongalungiswanga.

Ungafaka futhi imfucuza yasegadini njengezihlahla zonyaka ezisetshenzisiwe noma izinsalela zezimbali, uma nje zingenazo izifo. Konke lokhu kuzosiza ikhabhoni ne-nitrogen ngezilinganiso ezahlukeneukudala imenyu ehlukahlukene yama-microorganisms asebenza ngaphakathi kwenqwaba.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema imikhiqizo efana nenyama, inhlanzi, amathambo, ubisi, amasoso, amafutha, noma ukudla okunamafutha amaningi nosawoti, ngoba Zidonsela izinambuzane futhi zikhiphe iphunga elibiAkuyona futhi umqondo omuhle ukufaka indle yezinja noma yekati ngenxa yengozi yamagciwane, noma izinsalela zezitshalo ezinesifo, ukhuni oluphathwe kahle, uthuli lwezinkuni olufakwe i-varnish, noma umlotha wamalahle noma ama-briquette e-barbecue.

Icebo elilula lokwenza kanjalo sheshisa ukubola es nquma izingcezu ezinkulu zibe yizingcezu ezincane (amagatsha, iziqu ezijiyile, ikhadibhodi). Uma indawo ephezulu oyiveza inkulu, kulula kakhulu ukuthi amagciwane enze umsebenzi wawo futhi kuthatha isikhathi esincane ukuthi izinto zibe umquba omuhle.

Ukusetha uhlelo lwakho lokwenza umquba: izindawo nezinhlobo zezitsha

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuphonsa izinsalela ngokunganaki, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokuthi uzofaka umquba kuphi futhi kanjani. Kunezixazululo cishe kuzo zonke izimo, kusukela engadini enkulu kuya ebhalkhoni. Into ebalulekile ukuthi khetha uhlelo ongalunakekela kalula.

• Isitaki esilula phansi: Lena inketho eyisisekelo kunazo zonke: ukhetha ikhona lengadi, ubhale indawo, bese uqala ukuqoqa izinto zokwakha. Kushibhile futhi kulula ukukusetha, kodwa uma kungaphathwa kahle, kungadonsela izilwane futhi kungasebenzi kahle.
• Iziqukathi ezivaliwe: Ziyizinto zokufaka umquba ezenziwe ngepulasitiki noma ngokhuni ezinezindonga futhi ngezinye izikhathi zinesivalo. Zigcina izinto zicocekile, zigcina ukushisa, zinciphisa izinambuzane, futhi... ilungele izingadi ezincane noma eziphakathi nendawo.
• Ama-compost ajikelezayo (ama-tumblers): Lezi yizigubhu ezijikelezayo ezivumela okuqukethwe ukuthi kungene umoya. Zenza kube lula kakhulu ukujika, zigcine umoya uvulekile, futhi zivame ukusheshisa ukubola. Ziphelele uma uzifuna. uhlelo oluhlanzekile nolungenamzamo omkhulu.
• Ukufaka umquba ngezinambuzane: Luhlobo olukhethekile, oluvame ukugcinwa ezitsheni ezithile, lapho izimpethu ezibomvu ziyizona ezikhanga kakhulu. Lufaneleka kakhulu ukucubungula izinsalela zasekhishini ngaphakathi noma kuma-balconyuma nje zigcinwa emthunzini futhi zinomoya omuhle.

Ngokuphathelene nendawo, zama ukukhetha indawo ene- Umthunzi oyingxenye, ukugeleza kwamanzi okuhle, kanye nokufinyelela eduze kwamanziUma umquba wakho ungathintana ngqo nenhlabathi, kungcono kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kuzodonsela imibungu nezinye izinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi ezisheshisa inqubo ngokwemvelo.

Indlela yokwakha nokugcina inqwaba yakho yomquba ekhaya

Ukusetha uhlelo lokwenza umquba ekhaya akunzima uma ulandela uhlelo olulula lokufaka izingqimba futhi wenza ukulungisa okuthile. Cabanga ngomshini wakho wokwenza umquba njengomshini isangweji elincane elenziwe ngezinto ezinsundu neziluhlaza okotshani ilinganiswe kahle.

Qala ngokudala isisekelo esingu-10-15 cm sezinto ezinsundu eziqinile (amagatsha, utshani, izingcezu zokhuni) phansi noma phansi kwesitsha. Lolu ngqimba lusebenza njengokukhipha amanzi futhi luvimbela phansi ukuthi kungagcwali amanzi futhi kubole, okungenza impilo ibe nzima kakhulu kuma-microorganisms.

Okulandelayo, shintshanisa izendlalelo zemfucuza eluhlaza nensundu: ungqimba oluncane lwezingcezu zasekhishini noma utshani obusha obungaba ngu-5 cm ubukhulu, kulandelwe ungqimba olukhulu lwamaqabunga omile, ikhadibhodi eliqoshiwe, noma utshani obungaba ngu-10-15 cm ubukhulu. Njengoba ufaka izendlalelo, Futha kancane ngamanzi ukuze usize inhlangano igcine umswakama. ezanele.

Kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukuqeda izingcezu ezintsha ngesendlalelo esinsundu: lokhu kuhlanganisa izingcezu ezintsha, kunciphisa iphunga, futhi kuvimbele izimpukane noma ezinye izivakashi ezinelukuluku ukuthi zingabi nentshisekelo enkulu enqwabeni yakho. Futhi, gcina ibhodlela elincane elinesivalo ekhishini ukuze uqoqe izingcezu ngaphambi kokuziyisa emshinini wokwenza umquba.

Kusukela lapho, ukunakekelwa kufinyelela emisebenzini emithathu: ukulawula umswakama, Phendula ingxube njalo ngemva kwesonto elilodwa noma amabili. Ukuze ufake umoya-mpilo futhi usabalalise kabusha izinto, futhi ulungise izilinganiso uma ubona izinkinga. Uma inqwaba yakho inuka kabi, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona izinto eziluhlaza kakhulu noma imanzi kakhulu: engeza onsundu omningi bese uyivundisa. Uma ingakaboli kahle, hlola ukuthi ayomile bese unciphisa onsundu omningi ngokufaka okunye okuluhlaza.

Indlela yokwazi ukuthi umquba wakho usulungile nokuthi ungawusebenzisa kanjani

Esinye sezikhathi ezizuzisa kakhulu zenqubo yilapho ekugcineni uvula ibhodlela lakho lomquba bese ubona leso sigaxa esimnyama, esikhululekile esinephunga elifana nelehlathi ngemva kwemvula. Ukuze ucabangele ukuthi umquba wakho usuvuthiwe, Akufanele uqaphele cishe noma yiziphi izinsalela zokuqala. futhi ibhethri lizoba sezingeni lokushisa legumbi.

Kuye ngesimo sezulu, ubukhulu benqwaba, nokuthi uyiphendule ngokucophelela kangakanani futhi wayiphatha kahle kangakanani umswakama, inqubo ingathatha noma yikuphi kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa (ekuhlanganiseni umquba oshisayo ophethwe kahle) kuya cishe unyaka. Ukubekezela kubalulekile, kodwa umvuzo ufanelekile ukulinda.

Uma "igolide lakho elimnyama" selilungile, ungalisebenzisa ngezindlela eziningana. Enye indlela ukuxuba umquba ongu-2 kuya ku-7 cm phezulu emibhedeni yakho ephakanyisiwe engu-15-20 cm noma emibhedeni yezimbali ngaphambi kokutshala, okuyinto Kuthuthukisa kakhulu isakhiwo, ukuzala, kanye namandla okugcina amanziEnye indlela ewusizo kakhulu ukufaka ungqimba oluncane oluzungeze izitshalo ezisunguliwe njengesimbozo noma "i-top dressing".

Ungaphinda ufake umquba ezingxubeni zakho zokubumba, uwuhlanganise nenhlabathi, i-coconut fiber, i-perlite, noma i-vermiculite. Isilinganiso esijwayelekile yi- Ingxenye eyodwa yomquba kuzingxenye ezimbili zesisekelo se-substrateKodwa-ke, ungalungisa inani kuye ngokuthi isivuno sini. Emibhedeni yembewu, ukwengeza inani elincane kwanele, njengoba okungaphezulu kungaba okucebile kakhulu ezitshalweni ezincane kakhulu.

Kusukela kumquba wakho oqinile, ungalungisa netiye lomquba: Vumela inani elithile lomquba licwiliswe emanzini cishe amahora angama-24Hlunga bese usebenzisa uketshezi oluvelayo njengomanyolo omnene ogcwele amagciwane awusizo, ofanele ukunisela ngamachashazi noma ukufafaza ngamahlamvu.

Ukuphonswa kwezibungu: “igolide elimnyama” lezibungu

Ngaphakathi kwezwe lokwenza umquba, kukhona umkhiqizo ovelele abalimi abaningi abawubheka njengomlingo: ukuthungwa kwezikelemu noma i-vermicompost. Kumane nje izinto eziphilayo ezigaywayo futhi zikhishwe yizibungu ezikhiqiza umquba njengo-Eisenia fetida, kodwa ushintsho oludlula kulezi zilwane luyamangalisa.

Isandla ngasinye se-humus sigcwele amagciwane awusizo, izakhamzimba ezimuncwa kalula, kanye namakhemikhali e-organic asebenza njengezinto ezivuselelayo. Umphumela uba yizinto ezibonakalayo kuhle kakhulu, kunombala ofana nekhofi eligayiwe, enombala omnyama obukhali, enephunga elingathathi hlangothi nelizinzile ngendlela emangalisayo, izitshalo ezingalisebenzisa kahle kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukugcwala kwayo okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium kanye ne-magnesium, kanye nekhono layo lokukhuphula i-calcium. thuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi kanye nokungena komoyaUkugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu kanye nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwephunga elibi kuyinzuzo ebalulekile. Ngokungafani nomanyolo noma umanyolo wokwenziwa omningi, ama-worm castings awashisi izimpande, noma ngabe asetshenziswa ngobuningi obukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi we-vermicompost we-microbial unegalelo ku- ukuvikela izitshalo ezifweni zezimpande kanye namagciwane athileKuthuthukisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka futhi kungasiza ngisho nasekuvimbeleni noma ekunciphiseni ukutholakala kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezikhona enhlabathini eyonakele.

Indlela yokwenza i-vermicompost ekhaya isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi awudingi ipulazi ukuze ukhiqize ama-worm castings akho: ngekona ngaphansi kwesinki noma ethalazini, ungakha i-vermicomposter eyenziwe ekhaya enhle. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi ukunikeza izimpethu ikhaya elikhululekile nelondlekile kahle.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha isitsha: kungaba ibhokisi lepulasitiki noma lokhuni elinesivalo, okungcono kakhulu elinezimbobo zokungenisa umoya ezinhlangothini nangaphansi (kanye nethileyi lokuqoqa amanzi angcolile). Kufanele ligcinwe endaweni ethile. kupholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kanye namazinga okushisa aphakathiKungcono kakhulu phakathi kuka-13 no-27°C, ukuze izimpethu zikhululeke.

Okulandelayo, lungisa "umbhede" wokuqala noma i-substrate. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngephephandaba eliqoshiwe, ikhadibhodi, i-coconut fiber, noma ingxube yezinto ezinsundu ezikhanyayo, ezimanziswe kuze kube yilapho zinokuqina okufana nesiponji. Faka izimpethu ezibomvu ze-compost (i-Eisenia fetida noma ezinye izinhlobo ezifanele) kulo mbhede bese uzinika isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo.

Kancane kancane uqala ukuzondla ngezinsalela zasekhishini: izithelo nemifino eqoshiwe, izingcezu zekhofi, izikhwama zetiye, amagobolondo amaqanda achotshoziwe kanye nenani elincane lephepha noma ikhadibhodi. Kungcono ukugwema inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi, ukudla okunamafutha noma okunosawoti kakhulu, izithelo ze-citrus eziningi, kanye nezinsalela ezinongwe kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kungashintsha i-pH noma kubangele iphunga elibi.

Umswakama kufanele uhlale ungashintshi futhi okuqukethwe kudinga umoya, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi uchithe imibhede ngezikhathi ezithile ngesandla sakho noma ngethuluzi elincane. Ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-8-12, iningi lemibhede kanye nodoti kuzobe sekuphenduke izinto ezimnyama, ezikhululekile, nezifanayo. Leyo yi-humus yakho yemibungu elungele ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuze uhlukanise izimpethu nomkhiqizo oqediwe ungasebenzisa ukukhanya: beka okuqukethwe kube yizinqwaba ezincane ngaphansi kokukhanya okunamandla bese ulinda izimpethu ukuthi zimboze phansi; susa ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-humus bese uphinda uze ushiywe nezimpethu kanye ne-substrate ethile, ozoyibuyisela esitsheni esinemibhede emisha.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa i-worm castings kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo

Uma usunayo i-vermicompost yakho, sekuyisikhathi sokuyisebenzisa kahle. Ungayisebenzisa njenge isembozo sobuso esizungeze izitshaloSakaza ungqimba oluncane enhlabathini bese uluxuba kancane nongqimba oluphezulu. Lulungele izimbiza, imibhede ephakanyisiwe, kanye nezitshalo ezidinga kakhulu njengotamatisi, upelepele, noma izitshalo eziqhakazayo.

Enye indlela ebanzi ukuxuba i-humus ne-substrate ekhulayo: phakathi kuka-20 no-30% i-humus nenhlabathi eyisisekelo yekhwalithi enhle ivame ukuthela izithelo. izingxube ezicebile kodwa ezilinganiselayo Kumabhodwe nezitshalo zokutshala. Isebenza kahle kakhulu emathileyi ezithombo, inikeza umthamo omnene nohlala njalo wezakhamzimba ezithombo.

Uma ufuna ukuya phambili, ungalungisa "itiye lezibungu": vumela inkomishi ye-worm castings icwiliswe emanzini angamalitha angu-4 amahora angama-24, uyihlunge, bese unisela izitshalo zakho ngoketshezi noma ulufafaze emaqabunga naseziqwini. umanyolo owuketshezi ogcwele amagciwane awusizo Isebenza njengesengezo sokudla okunempilo nesekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ngokombono wezemvelo, kokubili umquba kanye ne-vermicompost kunciphisa kakhulu inani lemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo egcina itholakala ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-methane okuhlobene nokubola kwe-anaerobic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwandisa inani lezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini. Kukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni futhi kuthuthukisa ukungena kwamanzi nokugcinwa kwawo.ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nomthelela wesomiso.

Ukuguqula izingcezu zasekhishini kanye nokusika imfucuza ibe umquba kanye ne-worm castings, empeleni, kuyindlela ebonakalayo yokuvala umjikelezo wezinto ekhaya lakho. Njalo uma uguqula imfucuza ibe "igolide elimnyama," wondla inhlabathi yakho, uqinisa impilo yezitshalo zakho, futhi ukuhlanganyela kumodeli yokulima engadini evuselelayo nenenhlonipho kanye neplanethi, lapho umhlaba uyeka ukuba yisisekelo esilula futhi uba yindawo ephilayo esiyinakekelayo futhi esithola kuyo okuningi njengembuyiselo.