Khetha umanyolo ofanele Iba yinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo: kunemigqa yemvelo, imigqa yamaminerali, ngisho nenhlanganisela ye-organo-mineral, ngayinye inefomula yayo kanye nendlela yokwenza. Amafomula anezici ezihlukene ahlala ndawonye emakethe. umsuka, ukugxila, kanye nezinga lokukhululwa kwezakhiFuthi ngezinye izikhathi kuvamile ukulahleka phakathi kwamalebula amaningi, "bio", "natural", "mineral" noma "controlled release".
Umbuzo ongagwemeki uyaphakama: yimuphi ofaneleka kangcono esitjalweni, ohlelweni lokunisela, kanye nezinjongo zokukhiqiza nezinga eliphezulu? Ukuze wenze isinqumo unolwazi, kuyasiza ukuqonda zenziwa kanjaniyiziphi izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo uhlobo ngalunye olunayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, Kunini lapho kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-organic, amaminerali, noma inhlanganisela? ukuvikela impilo yomhlabathi ngaphandle kokudela isivuno esihle.
Indlela umanyolo wamaminerali akhiqizwa ngayo nokuthi asebenza kanjani
Umanyolo wamaminerali wenziwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezikhishwe ezimayini noma ezifakwa (isibonelo, i-phosphate rock noma usawoti we-potassium) bese icutshungulwa ngokwezimboni. Ngemva kokuchotshozwa nokucwengwa, aguqulwa ngokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali abe amafomu ancibilikayo natholakalayo futhi axutshwe ngezilinganiso ezinembile nama-macro kanye nama-micronutrients. Umphumela uba imikhiqizo lapho I-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium sekulungele ukumuncwa. ezimpandeni cishe ngokushesha.
Lokhu kuncibilika okuphezulu kuvumela amafomula agxile kakhulu, into okunzima ukuyifinyelela ngezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, i-mineral ingaguqulwa ibe yi-a ukusabela kwezitshalo ngokushesha kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kokukhiqizaikakhulukazi lapho ufuna ukulawula ngokunembile umsoco noma ukusebenza nakho ukuvundisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba aziqukethe izinto eziphilayo, zinjalo iyahambisana ne-drip irrigationizinhlelo zokujikeleza kabusha kanye ne-hydroponics/aeroponics, okunciphisa ubungozi bokuvinjwa kanye nenhlabathi. Kafushane, amandla ayo atholakala ngokunemba kanye nesivinini, nge-a ukuphatha kahle ngendlela ewuketshezi, encibilikayo noma ene-granulated kanye nethuba lokuklama uhlelo lokudla okunempilo kuze kufike kumilimitha.
Izinzuzo zamaminerali
- Ukutholakala ngokushesha: ukuncibilika kakhulu, Izitshalo zimunca imisoco ngaso leso sikhathi, okuthile okubalulekile lapho udinga ukulungisa amaphutha ngokushesha.
- Ukugxila okuphezulu: bavumela ukwakheka okunamandla kwe-NPK kunama-organic, ngokuvamile ahumusha amandla amakhulu okukhiqiza.
- Iyahambisana nokuvundisa: azifaki izinto eziphilayo ezivala ama-drippers, ngakho-ke zinjalo Ilungele ukunisela nge-drip, i-recirculation, kanye ne-hydroponics.
- Ukulawulwa okuphelele komthamo kanye nesilinganiso: kukhona izinketho zokukhululwa okusheshayo nokunensa ukulungisa ukunikezwa esigabeni ngasinye sesivuno.
- Ukulula ukuxuba: zingahlanganiswa nezinye izixazululo (njengemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo) kanye nokwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza ensimini.
Ukungalungi kanye nezingozi zamaminerali
- Umthelela kubhayoloji yomhlabathi: izicelo ezigxilile zingakwazi ukunciphisa umsebenzi we-microbialezithinta kokubili izinto eziphilayo ezinenzuzo nezingadingeki.
- Ukuzala kwesikhathi eside: uma zisetshenziswe ngokweqile ngaphandle kokuphathwa kwenhlabathi, Abathuthukisi ukwakheka noma izinto eziphilayo, okwehlisa amandla okugcina amanzi nezakhamzimba.
- I-Leaching and contamination: usawoti oweqile unga ilahleke ngokuvuza emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, enomthelela kwezemvelo.
- Ukuvinjwa nokusha: ukuphuza ngokweqile kuyathandeka ukuvinjwa kwezakhi kanye nokulimala kwezicubuNgakho-ke, badinga ukucutshungulwa kahle.
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-pH ne-sodium: imikhiqizo ethile yandisa okuqukethwe kukasawoti (isb., i-sodium) kanye Bangakwazi ukulinganisa inhlabathi pH uma bengalungiswa.
Izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwamaminerali
Lapho usebenza nge-fertigation kanye ne-recirculation, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukuguquguquka ngezikhathi ezithile isisekelo ukuvimbela ukwakheka nokuvinjwa. Lokhu kugcinwa kusiza ukugcina uhlelo oluhle kanye nesixazululo sezakhi zizinzile, kuqinisa amandla ukusebenza kahle kokunisela kanye nempilo yezimpande.
Uma inhloso kuwukulungisa kahle izinga lokufaka isicelo ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka kwenhlabathi, i-variable rate application (VRA) iwusizo kakhulu. Amamephu e-VRA abonisa izindawo ezinomfutho omkhulu noma omncane lapho amazinga ohlelo lokusebenza kufanele alungiswe. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka thatha i-nitrogen ngokusekelwe esimweni samanje semifino, futhi uhlele i-phosphorus ne-potassium ngedatha yomlando evela esakhiweni.
Sisho ukuthini ngomanyolo ophilayo?
Umanyolo we-organic uvela imfucuza yezitshalo neyezilwaneimikhiqizo engaboli kanye nezinqubo zokubola zemvelo (njengokwenza umquba). Ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo sikwazi ukuwasebenzisa, okuqukethwe kwawo kuhlanganiswe impilo ye-microbial. Ngakho-ke, kunokuba nje "ukondle" isitshalo, lolu hlobo lomanyolo Iphakela inhlabathi kanye nebhayoloji yayookubuye kondle isivuno ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngaphezu kokunikeza izakhamzimba, i ingxenye ye-organic Ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi: ikhulisa i-porosity, ukungena komoya, nokungena ngaphakathi, futhi iqinise amandla okugcina amanzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kubangela indawo ezinzile, eqinile, futhi ekhiqizayo. ukutholakala okukhulu kwezinto ezibalulekile ngezinyathelo ezimaphakathi.
Enye inzuzo yemikhiqizo ye-organic ukuthi iyahlinzeka ama-micronutrients nama-meso ngezinye izikhathi ezingekho kumafomula amakhemikhali. Nakuba amazinga abo e-NPK ngokuvamile ephansi, ukukhululwa kancane kancane kunciphisa ama-spikes kanye nengcindezi kasawoti, okwenza a ijika lokuphakelayo elibushelelezi zokulima.
Kodwa-ke, kunezingqinamba ezithile: zidinga inhlabathi enomsebenzi owanele we-microbial, impendulo ihamba kancane, futhi eminye imikhiqizo ingakhulula. iphunga elijwayelekile lezinto ezibolayoLokhu kuvamile, kodwa kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa ezindaweni ezibucayi.
Izinzuzo zemikhiqizo ye-organic
- Impilo yomhlabathi: bandisa izinto eziphilayo, Bakhuthaza ukukhula kweminyundu kanye namagciwane anenzuzo futhi uthuthukise isakhiwo.
- Amanzi nezakhamzimba: umphumela omkhulu we-porosity nokuzinza ukugcinwa nokutholakala kwamanzi okuthuthukisiwe esikhathini esimaphakathi.
- I-Peak-free: ukukhishwa kancane kancane gwema ukuvundisa ngokweqile nokucindezeleka kukasawoti ezitshalweni.
- Izinga lomkhiqizo: ezitshalweni ezidinga izinga eliphezulu (iphunga, ukunambitheka), ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nayo izici ze-organoleptic ezithuthukisiwe.
- Umnotho oyindilinga: bavumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwemfucuza kanye Banciphisa ukuncika kokufakwayo kokwenziwa.
Ukungalungi kwemikhiqizo ye-organic
- Ukugxila kwe-NPK ephansi: kuvamile ukuthi kube namandla okukhiqiza kancane kancane uma kuqhathaniswa namaminerali ekuphatheni ngokulinganayo.
- Ukusabela okunensayo: badinga isikhathi sokwenza amaminerali futhi Abakulungisi amaphutha ngokushesha.
- Ayilungele ukunisela nge-drip/hydro: ingxenye ye-organic ingase ama-clog drippers nama-circuits uma isetshenziswa ku-fertigation.
- Ukuncika kuma-microbes: uma inhlabathi "icishiwe", Ukusebenza kahle kuyahlupheka kuze kuqale umsebenzi.
- Ukuhlukahluka: ukwakheka kwayo kungahluka phakathi kwamaqoqo, kube nzima umthamo oqondile wezakhi.
Izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-organic
Emhlabathini ovulekile noma emasimini ajulile, umanyolo we-organic ukubheja okuphephile ekwakheni ukuzala kwesikhathi eside. Uma umgomo kuyikhwalithi nokusimama, kuyancomeka ukuthi kuqiniswe Impilo ye-Microbial enezichibiyelo nokuphatha okuhlefuthi wengeze ngokushintshanisa izitshalo kanye nezitshalo zokumboza noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.
Ezitshalweni ezitshalwe ngenxa yokunambitheka okuvelele kanye nephunga elimnandi, abakhiqizi abaningi babeka kuqala umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ngisho noma kusho ukudela amaphesenti amancane esivuno. Ngokubuyisela, bathola izithelo izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nenhlabathi enempiloFuthi kuyisu eliqinile kakhulu ku izingadi zomndeni kanye nokulima ngokwemvelo.
Umanyolo we-Organo-mineral: umhlabathi ophakathi olinganiselayo kahle
Umanyolo we-Organo-mineral uhlanganisa isisekelo se-organic nezakhamzimba zamaminerali ancibilikayo. Ingxenye ye-organic ithuthukisa inhlabathi futhi ilawule ukukhululwa kwezakhi, kuyilapho ingxenye yamaminerali inikeza umfutho osheshayo ngezinye izikhathi ontula emithonjeni yemvelo. Empeleni, lokhu kubangela a ukudla okuqhubekayo: ngokushesha ekuqaleni futhi okuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo.
Amafomula asuselwa ku-organic ajwayelekile, avame ukwengezwa nge-phosphorus ne-potassium (ngisho nama-ratios afana nokuthi "13/14" kwezinye izithuthukisi zezimbali). Le nhlanganisela ivumela ukukhulisa izigaba ezibalulekile zomjikelezo ngaphandle kokudela... ngcono ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nebhayoloji.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi, nakuba behlinzeka ngezinto eziphilayo, akuwona wonke umanyolo we-organo-mineral ofanele ukuchelela nge-drip noma i-hydroponics: ingxenye ye-organic ingabangela. ama-sediments noma ama-sludge ohlelweniNgaphezu kwalokho, ama-PK spikes aphezulu kakhulu avame ukulimaza i-microbiota uma esetshenziswa ngokungakhethi.
Izinzuzo ze-organo-amaminerali
- Okuhle kakhulu kuyo yomibili imihlaba: kuyahlanganisa impendulo esheshayo kanye nomphumela ophansi ohlelweni olufanayo lokuzala.
- Ukuqhubeka kokunikezwa: amaminerali asebenza ngaso leso sikhathi kanye ne-organic umsoco usekela esikhathini esimaphakathi.
- Ukusebenza nekhwalithi: ibhalansi enhle phakathi ukukhiqizwa kanye nezimfanelo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ukungalungi kwe-organo-minerals
- Ukuhambisana nokuchelela: ngenxa yengxenye ye-organic, akuzona inketho engcono kakhulu i-drip, i-recirculation, noma i-hydroponics.
- Iziqongo ze-PK: ukusetshenziswa kwama-booster agxile kakhulu ingalimaza inhlabathi biota uma behlukunyezwa.
Izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwe-organo-minerals
Uma ufuna ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi, lawa mafomula asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ungathembela ku ama-microorganisms azuzisayo kanye ne-mycorrhizae Ngesikhathi se-vegetative kanye namasonto okuqala okuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukwakha uhlelo oluqinile lwezimpande. Ezigabeni zakamuva, uma usebenzisa ama-booster e-PK aphezulu kakhulu, lindela ukuthi enye yaleyo mpilo ye-microbial izothinteka, nakuba izinzuzo zesakhiwo ezizuziwe zizogcinwa. zizohlala ku-substrate.
I-Organic vs. mineral: imibandela yokukhetha ngokuvumelana nesistimu nezinjongo
Uma usebenzisa i-drip irrigation, i-hydroponics, noma amasistimu ajikelezayo kabusha, inketho ephephe kunazo zonke isisekelo samaminerali (noma amaminerali akhishwe okulawulwayo). Lokhu kuvimbela ukuvinjwa futhi kukuvumela ukuthi... qondisa kahle umsocoEmhlabathini ovulekile, i-organic matter ikhanya ngenxa yekhono layo lokwakha inzalo, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka, nokusekela inhlabathi umsebenzi webhayoloji onenzuzo.
Uma udinga ibhalansi phakathi kwemihlaba yomibili, izithasiselo ze-organo-mineral ziyindlela eqinile. Banikeza izinto eziphilayo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla "okuveza" amaminerali. Nokho, hlela ukusebenzisa kwakho izithuthukisi ze-PK futhi ungakhohlwa... usawoti ophelele kanye ne-pH yendawo.
Ngaphandle kohlobo, umthamo kanye nesikhathi kukhona konke. Ngamabalazwe esilinganiso esishintshayo (i-VRA), unganquma ukuthi kudingeka kuphi umanyolo omningi noma omncane. Nge-nitrogen (N), kungcono ukuthembela... idatha yamanje yamandla ezitshaloFuthi ku-P no-K kuyasiza ukuhlela ngamarekhodi omlando wenkatho (kuze kufike eminyakeni eminingana) akhomba amaphethini esidingo.
Umanyolo nokulima okunembayo: VRA, BCH kanye nezeluleko
I-Precision Agriculture ivumela imisoco ukuthi isetshenziswe lapho inezela khona inani, hhayi lapho izolahleka khona. Amamephu e-VRA athola izindawo ezinamandla amakhulu noma amancane ukuze alungise amayunithi kamanyolo ngokufanele. Yehlisa ukuvuza ngenxa yokuvuza nokushintshashintsha futhi ithuthukisa imbuyiselo kuwo wonke amakhilogremu asetshenzisiwe.
Ukunquma isikhathi sokufaka isicelo, ukubalwa kwezigaba zokukhula (Isilinganiso se-BBH) okuhlanganiswe nezinkundla zokuqapha kusiza ukulingana nokudla ngesikhathi esifanele: N ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, kanye ne-P/K ngesikhathi sokusungulwa noma lapho isitshalo sikudinga ngokwesakhiwo.
Lezi zingxenyekazi ngokuvamile zivumela ukulandwa kwamamephu ahambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zemishini, futhi zinikeza umeluleki wezolimo umbono ophelele: uchungechunge lwezitshalo zomlando, i-meteorology kanye nezibikezeloukuqapha izinkambu eziningi, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi, nokurekhoda ngokuzungezisayo. Ngale deshibhodi, umeluleki angalungisa ukuvundisa okuphilayo noma okungaphili nge Ukunemba okwengeziwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuncane.
Amacala asebenzayo nokucatshangelwa ngesitshalo
Ezitshalweni lapho kufunwa ukunambitheka okuvelele kanye nephunga elimnandi, abakhiqizi abaningi bakhetha ukulima okuphilayo, baze bamukele ukwehla kancane kwesivuno uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu ye-organic engu-100%. Ngokubuyisela, bathola izithelo izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nenhlabathi enempiloKuyisu futhi eliqinile ezingadini zomndeni kanye nokulima okuphilayo.
Ezinhlelweni zokuchelela eziqinile noma ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izixazululo zamaminerali ziyakhethwa ngenxa yokuhambisana kwazo nokufakwa nangenxa isivinini sokuphendula ukushodaLapha, ukugeza okujwayelekile kwe-substrate kanye nokuqapha kwe-conductivity kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa.
Izingxube ze-Organo-mineral zenza umqondo omkhulu lapho umgomo uwukwandisa usayizi wezithelo noma isisindo ngesikhathi sezigaba zezithelo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izinzuzo ezenziwe ngesisekelo se-organic. Ukunikeza ukukhushulwa kwe-phosphorus (P) ne-potassium (K), ngisho nokugxila kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile, kunganikeza umfutho wokugcina, uqikelele ukuthi unga... yenza buthaka i-microbiota ngaphezu kwalokho okudingekayo.
Izinzuzo nezingozi, inhloko nekhanda
- I-OrganicBathuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, nempilo; zinikeza ukukhululwa kancane, ukuzinza okuphezulu, kanye nekhwalithi. Ayifanele ukunisela nge-drip; banokuphendula okunensayo kanye nokwakheka okungaqageleke kancane.
- AmamineraliIsebenza ngokushesha, ukugxila okuphezulu, ilungele ukuvundisa. Ingozi yokucwiliswa kwamanzi kanye nokufakwa kukasawoti emanzini, umthelela ongemuhle ongaba khona ku-biota yomhlabathi, kanye nesidingo sokufakwa njalo.
- Amaminerali e-Organo: ibhalansi phakathi kwenhlabathi nesivuno; qaphela ama-PK spikes nokuhambisana nokunisela okucindezelwe.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe izinto eziphilayo "zondla" umhlabathi namaminerali "zondla" isitshalo? Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, yebo: izinto eziphilayo ziqinisa i-ecosystem yomhlabathi futhi zikhiphe imisoco kancane kancane; izinto ezimbiwa phansi zibekwe phambili impendulo yezitshalo ngokushesha.
Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-organic kuma-drip noma ama-hydroponic systems? Ayilungile. Ingxenye ye-organic ingadala izithiyo kanye nodakaKulezo zinhlelo, amaminerali angcono.
Ingabe amaminerali ahlala engcolisa? Akunjalo. Inkinga iphakama ngemithamo enganele, ukungaphathwa kahle, noma inhlabathi esuvele igcwele. Nge-VRA, imithamo elungisiwe kanye nokunisela okuhleukulahlekelwa kuncishisiwe.
Kungani ngezinye izikhathi imikhiqizo ye-organic "inuka"? Zivela ekuboleni kwezinto ezibolayo. Kujwayelekile ukuthi babe nakho iphunga lesici lezinto eziphilayo, enyamalalayo lapho ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi.
Ingabe amaminerali angaxutshwa neminye imikhiqizo? Ngokuvamile yebo, futhi kuyinzuzo yokuhlela. Noma kunjalo, kuyancomeka ukuthi uhlole ukuhambisana kanye hlola ngezinga elincane ngaphambi kokulungiselela ama-broths amakhulu.
Nini ukukhetha uhlobo ngalunye ngokuvumelana nesimo sakho
Khetha amaminerali ngokuyinhloko uma udinga ukunemba okuphelele, impendulo esheshayo, futhi usebenza ngokufaka ukuvundisa; khetha i-organic uma okubalulekile kwakho vuselela futhi ugcine impilo yomhlabathi kuyilapho kugcinwa ukudla okuzinzile; khetha i-organo-mineral uma ufuna indawo ephakathi phakathi kokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sezwe.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhethani, hlela umthamo, isikhathi, nendawo. Inhlanganisela yamamephu e-VRA, umugqa wesikhathi we-BBH, kanye nokuqapha amandla e-vegetative kunikeza umongo wohlelo lokusebenza. N, P kanye no-K kuphi futhi nini ukudlalaukugwema ukweqisa nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukamanyolo.
Awukho umanyolo "ongcono kakhulu", kodwa ukukhetha okulungile kwenhloso ngayinye nohlelo: umanyolo wamaminerali ugqama ngokunemba nokushesha kwawo; umanyolo wemvelo wakha inhlabathi nokuzinza; kanye nomanyolo we-organo-mineral unikeza indawo ephakathi ephumelela kakhulu. Nge okuhlela okuhle kwe-agronomic kanye namathuluzi anembayoUngasebenzisa okungcono kakhulu kwendlela ngayinye futhi ugcine impilo yomhlabathi ngenkathi uzuza isivuno esilindelekile.
