Uyini umsikamore (uFicus sycomorus)?
umsikamore, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi UFicus sycomorus, isihlahla esihle kakhulu somndeni wakwaMoraceae, uhlobo olufanayo nomkhiwane. Ubuye ubizwe ngokuthi umsikhamori waseGibhithe noma umsikhamori waseBhayibhelini ngenxa yokubaluleka kwawo emlandweni nangokwesiko laseGibhithe nasemazweni ase-Near East. Ezweni labakhuluma isiNgisi kuthiwa umkhiwane wesikhamore o umkhiwane-umalibhele, ebhekisela ekufananeni kwamaqabunga awo nalawo esihlahla sikamalibhele.
Lesi sihlahla sibonakala ngokubukeka kwaso okumangalisayo, ukuphila isikhathi eside kanye nekhono laso lokuhlinzeka ngobuningi sombra, osekungamakhulu eminyaka isetshenziswa ezikweleni, izingadi kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokuxhumana okuqinile ne- ingokomoya kanye namasiko empucuko yasendulo, ikakhulukazi eGibhithe nasezincwadini zeBhayibheli.
Imvelaphi nendawo yemvelo
El UFicus sycomorus Itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezimaphakathi, ezisempumalanga naseningizimu yezwekazi, ukusuka eSenegal naseSahel kuya eNamibia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika eseningizimu. Itholakala ngokwemvelo eNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia, izingxenye zeMpumalanga Ephakathi njengeLebanon, iCyprus, nezingxenye zeMadagascar.
Lesi sihlahla sikhula kangcono emhlabathini evundile, ejulile futhi enamanzi amaningi, ngokuvamile osebeni lwemifula nasemahlathini axubile. Ezifundeni zayo imvelaphi ingatholakala kokubili ku amathafa njengasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesomile, kanti ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma ezingadini yethulwe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokusabalala okumangalisayo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi yenziwe ngokwemvelo ezindaweni eziningi ngaphandle kwendawo eyavela kuyo, njengeGibhithe (lapho lalilinywa khona kabanzi), kwa-Israyeli, nezingxenye zeMedithera. I-Gemmayzeh Street e-Beirut, enegama layo lesi-Arabhu, iphawuleka kakhulu. gemmayz kubhekiselwa kumsikamore.
Umehluko nezinye izihlahla ezibizwa nge-"sycamore"
Igama elithi "sycamore" lingadida, njengoba libuye libhekisele kwezinye izihlahla ezifundeni ezahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa umsikamore weqiniso wase-Afrika (UFicus sycomorus) kwe:
- I-Acer pseudoplatanus (i-sycamore maple noma i-sycamore yaseYurophu): Ingowomndeni wakwaSapindaceae, ovamile eYurophu.
- I-Platanus occidentalis (I-sycamore yaseMelika noma indiza yasentshonalanga): Isihlahla esidabuka eNyakatho Melika, umndeni wakwaPlatanaceae.
- I-Platanus racemosa (California sycamore) kanye U-Platanus wrightii (Isicamore sase-Arizona): Kusuka emndenini wakwa-Platanaceae, odabuka futhi osabalele kulo lonke elaseNingizimu-ntshonalanga yaseMelika.
Azikho kulezi zihlahla, ngaphandle kokubukeka kwazo okuyisikhumbuzo, ezihlanganyela nezici zebhotanical UFicus sycomorusUmehluko usukela ekubunjweni nasekubunjweni kwamaqabunga awo kuya kumvelo yawo, izithelo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Incazelo ye-botanical kanye ne-morphology ye-sycamore
I-Ficus sycomorus iyi-a isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza noma esinamaqabunga amancane engakhula ibe ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-20 ubude namamitha angu-6 ububanzi bomqhele ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo. Igqame ngenxa yesiqu sayo esifushane, esiwugqinsi, futhi esiqinile, esinamagxolo abushelelezi noma amaxolo kancane, aphuzi noma ampunga ngokukhanyayo aqhekeka njengoba eguga, aveze ukhuni oluwolintshi noma oluphuzi ngaphakathi.
La izinkuni Ukhuni lwe-sycamore luthambile kodwa alukwazi ukubola, olwenze lwaba wusizo ekwenzeni amabhokisi nefenisha yaseGibhithe lasendulo.
Amagatsha amakhulu asakazeka kabanzi, ehlinzeka nge-canopy eminyene, enomthunzi, eyaziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele ngenxa yekhono layo elikhulu lokunikeza indawo yokukhosela elangeni.
Izimpande Amahlumela e-sycamore anamandla, ngokuvamile awashoni, futhi angase avele ngisho nangaphansi, azungeze izindonga noma izakhiwo ezindala, anikeze ukubukeka okucishe kube yi-sculptural futhi kusize ukusimamisa isihlahla emhlabathini ongashoni.
Kushiya
Amaqabunga e-sycamore amise okwenhliziyo (i-cordate) noma amise okweqanda, athi ukuma kancane uma uthintwa, aluhlaza okotshani obuphakathi nendawo phezulu futhi alula ngaphansi, lapho umoya ovela khona ugqame. Ngokuvamile zikala phakathi kuka-10 no-14 cm ubude no-7 kuya ku-12 cm ububanzi. I-petiole ingafinyelela ku-4 kuya ku-6 cm futhi i-pubescent kuma-specimens amancane.
- Ukuhlelwa kwe-helical ezungeze igatsha.
- Imajini engaphansi iyonke, inamazinyo kancane noma i-srrated.
- I-Stipules i-deciduous futhi i-pubescent.
Izimbali nezithelo
I-sycamore ikhiqiza i-inflorescence eyinkimbinkimbi, efana nezimbali. i-syconus, lapho izimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi zimila khona ezithelweni ezihlukahlukene, ezifihlwe ngaphakathi komkhiwane. I-Symbiosis enomuvi othize othela impova ibalulekile (I-Ceratosolen arabicus) ukuvundisa nokukhula kahle kwezithelo.
I-Los amakhiwane emisikhamori Ziyi-globose, 2 kuya ku-5 cm ububanzi, nombala osuka koluhlaza kuya kophuzi opinki, futhi uma sezivuthiwe, ziba bomvu. Ahlanganiswe ngamaqoqo ngokuqondile esiqwini nasemagatsheni aminyene (caulifloria), ukujwayela okuhlukile kwe-Ficus sycomorus evumela ukukhiqizwa unyaka wonke, nakuba ngokushuba okukhulu phakathi nezinkathi ezifudumele nezinomswakama.
- Amakhiwane adliwayo: Banikeza ukunambitheka okumnandi, nakuba ngokuvamile kuhlalwa izinambuzane.
- I-fruiting eqhubekayo: Kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngonyaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.
- Izithako ezi-obovoid kuya ku-subglobose, ezine-ostiole evelele kanye nama-pubescent basal bracts.
Umlando, izimpawu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasiko kwesikamore
I-Ficus sycomorus ithatha indawo eyinhloko emlandweni nasezinganekwaneni zaseGibhithe Lasendulo, lapho yayihlonishwa khona njengesihlahla esingcwele (Nail). Izikhombo kuyo zigcwele imibhalo efana neNcwadi Yabafileyo, eyihlanganisa nempilo yangemva kokufa, ukuvikelwa koshonile, novuko. Onkulunkulukazi abanjengoHathor, uNut, no-Isis baboniswa bephuma esihlahleni somsikamore ukuze bondle noma bavikele imiphefumulo yabafileyo. Ibhokisi lomngcwabo elakhiwe ngalolu khuni kwakukholelwa ukuthi liqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nesivikelo saphezulu ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa.
Ezithombeni zaseGibhithe nasemathuneni kunezigcawu lapho isihlahla sondla khona oshonile futhi sihlotshaniswa nokudla konkulunkulu (nut). Inhlonipho yayiwukuthi abalimi bashiye iminikelo ezinyaweni zayo, futhi ukhuni lwalo olungonakali lwalusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma- sarcophagi, izithombe eziqoshiwe nezigqizo zomngcwabo, kanye nefenisha neminyango esasele emathempelini nasezindlini zezindela zase-Afrika.
Ngokwesiko leBhayibheli nelobuKristu, isiqephu sikaZakewu eVangelini likaLuka siyagqama, lapho egibela khona esihlahleni somsikamore ukuze abone uJesu eJeriko. Lesi sihlahla kukhulunywa ngaso kaningi kumaHubo nakwezinye izincwadi ezingcwele, okufakazela ukuba khona kwaso nokusetshenziswa kwaso endulo.
Ngokwesiko elidumile, umsikamore uvela nasezincwadini zomhlaba, njengasemibhalweni kaShakespeare kanye nama-akhawunti omlando, futhi idolobha laseMatariya, eCairo, ligcina isifanekiso esihlonishwa isiko lobuKristu ngokunikeza umthunzi eMndenini Ongcwele.
I-Sycamore isebenzisa: izinkuni, ukudla, imithi, nokunye
Izingodo I-Sycamore isetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukusebenza kalula nokuqina. Ilungele izihlahla ze-savanna nasekwakhiweni kwamabhokisi kanye nezinto zemicikilisho.
I-Los izithelo Ziyadliwa, zisha futhi zomisiwe. Nakuba ukunambitheka kwawo kuthakazelelwa kakhulu kunekhiwane elivamile, angumthombo wokudla wabantu, izinyoni, nemfuyo; amakhiwane awile ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo nezasendle.
Emakhiwaneni abilile ungathola a isiphuzo esidakayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili amaqabunga nezithelo zisetshenziswa njenge ifolishi, ikakhulukazi izimbuzi nezinkomo, njengoba bethuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi.
amagxolo Ivumela ukwakhiwa kwezintambo eziqinile futhi, ngokusebenzisa ama-decoctions, isetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko ukwelapha izimo ezinjengokukhwehlela, izindlala ezivuvukalayo, izifo zesisu kanye nezinkinga zesikhumba.
i-latex ephuma ezilonda zabo isetshenziswa emakhambi asekhaya njenge-ejenti yokuphulukisa, ukwelapha izinsumpa kanye nogibe lwendabuko lokubamba izinyoni ezincane ngenxa ye-viscosity yayo.
Emkhakheni wokuhlobisa, i-sycamore isetshenziswa njenge isihlahla somthunzi emapaki, ezikweleni nasezindleleni ezindaweni ezifudumele, ngenxa yokukhula kwayo ngokushesha kanye ne-canopy emangalisayo.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha nokutshala i-sycamore
I-Ficus sycomorus igqama ngokukhululeka kwayo ukuphindaphinda ukusikwa nezigxobo. Ngale njongo kunconywa:
- Khetha ukusika okunokhuni okungangosayizi womunwe futhi okungaba ngu-15-20 cm ubude. Zitshale ezitsheni ezinkulu ezinomhlabathi omanzi, okhithike kahle.
- Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, zimila phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Ngemva kwalokho zingatshalwa kabusha ngqo emhlabathini.
- Izigxobo eziwugqinsi, ezifinyelela ububanzi bengalo futhi zifike kumitha owodwa ubude, zingasetshenziswa futhi zitshalwe ngqo lapho isihlahla sifunwa khona.
- Isikhathi esihle sokutshala yi ngaphambi nje kwenkathi yemvula, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamanzi okuqeda izimpande.
Ukukhiqizwa ngembewu kungenzeka kodwa akwenzeki, njengoba kuncike ekubeni khona komnyovu othela impova, ongekho kwezinye izifunda.
Izimo ezikahle zokukhula nokunakekelwa
Ukuze uthole ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele nokuphila isikhathi eside, i-sycamore idinga:
- Izitezi: Inothile nge-organic matter, inhlabathi ejulile, ekhishwe kahle kanye nesihlabathi. Nakuba ibekezelela inhlabathi empofu, ikhula kahle kakhulu ezimweni ezivundile.
- Isimo sezulu: Ithanda izindawo ezifudumele nezishisayo. Ikona ukuzwela emakhazeni, ngakho ayikubekezeleli isithwathwa esinamandla.
- Umbukiso: Ilanga eligcwele, nakuba libekezelela umthunzi oyingxenye.
- Ukunisela: Nakuba ibekezelela isomiso esisesilinganisweni, idinga ukunisela njalo phakathi neminyaka yokuqala noma ngezikhathi ezomile ezinde.
- Ukukhula: Kuthathwa njengesihlahla esikhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma sinamanzi anele nezakhamzimba.
- Ukuthena: Ngokuvamile ayidingi ukuthenwa okujulile. Kutuswa ukususa amagatsha afile noma ami kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwawo kanye nempilo iyonke.
Izici ze-ecology kanye nendima ku-ecosystem
I-sycamore iyingcezu eyinhloko ohlelweni lwawo lwemvelo, ngoba amahlamvu awo aminyene ayahlinzeka umthunzi nendawo yokuhlala yezinyoni, izinambuzane nezilwane ezincelisayoIzithelo zayo eziningi zisekela inqwaba yezinyoni eziyongayo nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, futhi ezifundeni lapho igcwele khona, ingakha amahlathi akhethekile akwazi ukususa izinhlobo zemvelo.
Ubudlelwano be-symbiotic nomnyovu wohlobo I-Ceratosolen Kuyisibonelo esimangalisayo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo: isihlahla sincike ekutheleleni kwempova yilesi sinambuzane, futhi umnyovu uthuthukisa umjikelezo wawo wokuphila ngaphakathi kwekhiwane.
Izakhiwo zokwelapha nezendabuko
Umuthi wesintu uveza ukusetshenziswa okuningi ku-sycamore:
- i-latex Ifakwe esikhumbeni, isebenza njenge-ejenti yokuphulukisa, ngokumelene nama-warts futhi ikhulule ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba.
- Amagxolo kanye ne-latex decoctions Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zokuphefumula kanye ne-dermatological.
- Isithelo namagxolo kubhekwa njengokuwusizo ekulweni nokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, izindlala ezivuvukele, nanjengamakhambi e-sudorific kanye ne-molificative (eyenziwe kube lula ukugaya nokujuluka).
- Ezikhathini zasendulo, ijusi yesikamore yayiqoqwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuthela, yomiswe, futhi igcinwe ezibhebheni ukuze isetshenziswe njengamafutha noma isiphuzo sokwelapha.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa kubhekiselwe ku-Dioscorides emibhalweni yaseGibhithe neyeBhayibheli, eqinisekisa ubukhona bayo bomlando emithini yemvelo neyesintu.
Ilukuluku, impilo ende nedatha eyengeziwe
Isikhathi eside: Izihlahla ze-sycamore zingaphila amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, zidlule iminyaka engu-500 ezimweni ezikahle.
Izimpande zobuciko: Isistimu yempande ekha phezulu ingakha amafomu e-sculptural ngokugoqa izindonga nezakhiwo, ibe isici esiyingqayizivele sokwakheka kwezwe.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo: Amakhiwane e-sycamore avela ngqo esiqwini nasemagatsheni amakhulu, ngokungafani nezinye izihlahla zamakhiwane.
Ukudideka kwegama: Nakuba igama elithi "sycamore" lisetshenziswa endaweni kumabalazwe nezihlahla zendiza, kuphela linenani lamasiko, umlando kanye nezokwelapha elichaziwe.
Isihlahla esihlaselayo: Kwezinye izindawo, i-sycamore ingasusa ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, iqoqe ngokushesha izindawo ezintsha ngenxa yamandla ayo kanye nokuzala kalula.
I-Ficus sycomorus ingaphezu kwesihlahla sokuhlobisa noma ilukuluku lomlando: iwuphawu lwangempela lokuphila, umthunzi, ukuvikelwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ubukhosi bayo obuphathekayo buhambisana nefa elingokomoya nelamasiko elidlula amazwekazi kanye nezinkulungwane zeminyaka, liqinisa isikhundla salo njengenye yezihlahla ezimangalisayo neziheha kakhulu kumuntu.