El IHass ukwatapheya Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izibonakalise njengenye yezithelo ezishintsha kakhulu ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke, ngomthelela okhulayo ezimakethe zaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi, emakethe yaseSpain. Ngemuva kwayo yonke into efika emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu kukhona uchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi oluhilela abakhiqizi, abathumeli ngaphandle, izinhlangano zokuqinisekisa, kanye nokuphathwa komphakathi okuvela emazweni ahlukahlukene.
Nakuba iYurophu iqhubeka nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, imithombo eyinhloko - efana IColombia, iPeru kanye neMexico– Bathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi, ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nesibopho somphakathi ezifunwa abathengi baseYurophu, kusukela ezinkampanini ezinkulu zokusabalalisa kuya kubangenisi abangochwepheshe.
IColombia: Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-hass avocado kuyaqala futhi kuzibophezela ekusimameni
Umkhakha waseColombia we IHass ukwatapheya Ibe nonyaka onzima kakhulu, ophawulwe ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nesu elihlanganisiwe lokuqinisa isithombe sayo ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, lapho i-European Union iphakathi kwezindawo eziza kuqala kanye ne-United States kanye namanye amazwe asebenzisa kakhulu imikhiqizo.
I-Colombian Association of Exporters, Producers and Processors of Hass Avocado, I-Corpohass, ilindele ukuvala unyaka wezimali cishe ukuthumela ngaphandle cishe amathani ayi-194.000. Phakathi kukaJanuwari noNovemba, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele amathani ayi-182.432, uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayi-142.536 esikhathini esifanayo sonyaka odlule, okumele ukwanda cishe 22% ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanye kuphela.
Lokhu kukhula akwenzekanga ngengozi. Kungumphumela we-a isu laqhubeka unyaka wonke, ngezenzo zokuphromotha, ukuhlanganiswa kwesipho sokuthumela ngaphandle kanye ukusekela kwezobuchwepheshe kubakhiqizi nakubapaki. Inhloso bekuwukuqinisa ukuzethemba kwamakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle afuna izithelo ezifanayo, ezilandelekayo ezineziqinisekiso zokusimama, isici esibaluleke kakhulu eYurophu.
Esinye sezibonakaliso ezibalulekile kwaba ukuhlanganyela kwama-avokhado aseColombian Hass I-Super Bowl LIXibanjwe ngoFebhuwari. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esihambisana nalo mcimbi, iColombia ithumele ngaphandle amathani angu-9.396 ezithelo, inani elikhulu cishe ngokuphindwe kane kunonyaka odlule, okumele ukwanda ngo-391% ikakhulukazi kulesi sikhathi sonyaka. Nakuba ukugxila kwakuse-United States, lolu hlobo lomsebenzi luqinisa ukufinyelela kwezithelo zaseColombia emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa nabangenisi baseYurophu.
Kanye nokukhuthazwa kokuhweba, iCorpohass ikhuthaze imodeli ye ukusimama kwenyunyana Kusekelwe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi amaketanga okukhiqiza azinzile, ahlanganisa abalimi, abathumela kwamanye amazwe, kanye nezinkampani zokucubungula ohlelweni olulodwa lokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana ngaphandle kokunganaki imvelo kanye nokwamukelwa kwesitshalo emphakathini. Phakathi kwe izenzo zokuphromotha Igqamise ukuba khona kwayo emicimbini yemikhakha kanye nemibukiso yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe.
Isayensi, amanzi kanye nezitifiketi: insika yezemvelo ye-avokhado yaseColombian Hass
Ukuzinza kwemvelo sekuyinto ebalulekile I-avokhado ye-Hass evela eColombiaLokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ebudlelwaneni bayo nabathengi baseYurophu abahlolisisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nomthelela wazo emvelweni. Ngo-2025, kwavezwa ucwaningo "ngomthelela wamanzi" wesitshalo kumasipala waseGuática, emnyangweni waseRisaralda, ngemiphumela umkhakha oyibona ifaneleka kakhulu.
Ngokusho kwalolu cwaningo olusetshenziswe kumodeli yokukhiqiza yendawo, isilinganiso sonyawo lwamanzi oluphelele Umthamo wamanzi wama-avokhado aseHass wawungaphansi kwama-800 m³ ngethani lezithelo. Cishe u-70% walowo mthamo uhambelana nomthamo wamanzi aluhlaza, okusho amanzi emvula, kuyilapho umthamo wamanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka—lokho okuvela emithonjeni engaphezulu noma engaphansi komhlaba yokunisela—wawucishe ube yi-zero. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwama-avokhado, ezindaweni ezithile zaseColombia, kungenziwa ngomthelela olinganiselwe emithonjeni yamanzi.
Ucwaningo luphinde lwasebenza ekubekeni i- Imodeli yaseColombia njengereferensi yesifunda Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela efanele, lokhu kuhambisana nokwanda kolwazi phakathi kwabathengi nabasabalalisi baseYurophu mayelana nemvelaphi yomkhiqizo. Uhlelo luwukwandisa lolu hlobo lokuhlaziya eminyangweni emisha eminyakeni ezayo ukuze kutholakale isithombe esiphelele.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inyunyana iqinise ukuphathwa kwengozi yesimo sezulu esibiNgokubambisana nenkampani yocwaningo i-Agrosavia, inguqulo ethile yethuluzi le-Agrorac ithuthukiswe eminyangweni yaseCaldas, eQuindío, naseRisaralda. Lolu hlelo luvumela ukuhlonza izingozi ezihlobene nesimo sezulu, ukulindela izimo ezimbi, kanye nokuhlela ukuphathwa kwepulazi okuphumelelayo ngokusekelwe kudatha yendawo yomhlabathi kanye nemvula.
Iphakheji yezinyathelo zemvelo iqediwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwe- izitifiketi zamazwe ngamazwe Okudingwa kakhulu yizimakethe zaseYurophu, njenge-GlobalG.AP noma i-Rainforest Alliance, kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Phakathi kwezincomo ukwabela phakathi kuka-30% no-40% wendawo yonke yamapulazi ukulondolozwa kwamahlathi emvelo, ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nezinye izindawo ezinenani eliphezulu lemvelo.
Ukuze kuhlanganiswe wonke lo mzamo ngaphansi kobunikazi obubodwa, iCorpohass yethule ilebula esemthethweni ethi “Uhlelo lwe-Avocados oluvela eColombiaLo mehluko unikezwa izinkampani ezithumela kwamanye amazwe ezilandela uhlelo lwekhwalithi olusekelwa umhlahlandlela wemikhuba emihle, ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe, ukusampula isampula ensimini, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwemingcele yezithelo. Inhloso ukunikeza abathengi inkomba eyengeziwe yekhwalithi kanye nemikhuba emihle kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Ukuhlolwa lapho kuvela khona: izilawuli ze-phytosanitary ze-avokhado ye-Hass encintisana kakhulu
Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye IHass ukwatapheya okufinyelela ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe akugcini nje emkhakheni wezolimo. EColombia, i-Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) ikhuthaza imodeli ukuhlolwa kokuhlanza izitshalo ezindaweni lapho zivela khona njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zomkhankaso ka-2025-2026, okuyisihluthulelo sokugcina nokwandisa ukuvunyelwa emazweni anezindinganiso eziphakeme, njengawaseYurophu.
Lolu hlelo, oselusebenze iminyaka emibili, luvumela ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwezinto ezithunyelwe endaweni. izitshalo zokupakisha kanye nezikhungo zokuhlanganisangaphambi kokuba izimpahla zihambe ziye emachwebeni noma ezikhumulweni zezindiza. Lokhu kuhlose ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko ezihambisana nokwenqatshwa endaweni oya kuyo, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola izinambuzane ezihlukanisayo ekuthunyelweni.
Njengamanje, izinkampani ezingaba ngu-33, okuhlanganisa nezindawo zokupakisha kanye nezikhungo zokuhlanganisa, ziyingxenye yalolu hlelo. Zisebenza kakhulu namazwe anezidingo eziqinile zokungenisa impahla, njenge-United States, i-Argentina, ne-Chile, kodwa le ndlela isebenza ngokugcwele ezidingweni zamazwe amaningi angamalungu e-European Union. i-avokhado ye-Hass engenisiwe.
Ukuze kufinyelelwe imodeli yokuhlola lapho iqala khona, izinkampani kumele zilandele uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuphatha nezobuchwepheshe: zithumele isimemezelo sentshisekelo esisayinwe ngummeleli wazo wezomthetho, zinikeze amadokhumenti amarekhodi, indawo, amapulani, umlando wokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nezibikezelo zomsebenzi, futhi zidlule ekuvakasheni kokugunyazwa lapho kokubili ukufaneleka kwezikhungo kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo ezimiswe yi-ICA kuqinisekiswa khona.
Uma isivuliwe, inkampani ingazuza enkambisweni ebushelelezi lapho ukuqinisekiswa kwedokhumenti kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphambi kokusuka uye endaweni egunyaziwe yokuwela umngcele. I-ejensi ilindele ukuthi, kusukela ngo-2026, inani elikhulayo lezinkampani kulo mkhakha zizojoyina lolu hlelo, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo efana nama-avokhado e-Hass ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke.
IPeru: imodeli ye-avokhado ebanzi ye-Hass eneYurophu njengendawo ebalulekile yokudayisa
Eningizimu yePeru, endaweni eyihlane lapho amanzi kufanele athuthwe khona esuka emakhilomitha angamashumi amaningi, izinkampani ezifana ne-Agrícola Pampa Baja zithuthukise imodeli yezolimo ebanzi nehlukahlukene lapho I-avokhado ye-Hass (I-Hass avocado) ithatha indawo ebalulekile. Nakuba isihloko sokuqala sigxile kumongo wasePeru, okuningi kokuguquguquka kwaso kuthinta ngqo ukutholakala kwezithelo eYurophu.
Njengoba itshalwe cishe amahektha ayi-1.300 esifundeni saseMajes, le nkampani ihlanganisa izitshalo zezithelo nemifino ezahlukahlukene—amagilebhisi etafuleni, amapomegranati, ama-mandarin, ama-blueberry, kanye no-anyanisi omnandi—kodwa umkhiqizo othwala isisindo esikhulu kuphothifoliyo yayo yi- I-avokhado ye-HassIkhula kakhulu ezindaweni ezimbili: i-Olmos, enyakatho (eLambayeque), lapho ukukhiqizwa kusheshe khona, kanye ne-Majes (e-Arequipa), kanye nefasitela elilandelayo.
Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwendawo kuvumela inkampani ukuthi "ibalekele" isiqongo sokukhiqiza kuzwelonke, esivame ukugxiliswa phakathi kukaJuni noJulayi. Ngokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwalezo zinyanga, inkampani ingafinyelela Amafasitela ebhizinisi ngamanani angcono ezimakethe zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa namazwe aseYurophu. Igeyiji engu-12-18 Ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo: eMajes izithelo ezinkulu zivame ukutholakala (osayizi 12-18), kanti e-Olmos kunobukhulu obuncane (18-26).
Ngokuphathelene nesivuno, izivande zezithelo zika-Olmos zithola inani elingaba ngamathani angu-26-29 ngehektha ngalinye, okuzibeka, ngokusho kolwazi lwenkampani, ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sabancintisani abaningi bamazwe ngamazwe. Lo mthamo wokukhiqiza, ohlanganiswe nokuvuna okunembile nokuhlela ukupakisha, unegalelo eqinisweni lokuthi I-avokhado yasePeruvian Hass ukuhlala ungumhlinzeki obaluleke kakhulu eYurophu.
Indawo eyinhloko yokuthola ama-avokhado avela ePampa Baja yi- Imakethe yaseYurophuNakuba ukuthunyelwa kwenziwa nase-Asia, e-United States, naseChile. Ukuthunyelwa eChile kuyathandeka ngenxa yokuthutha okusheshayo, ngezikhathi zokuhamba ezingaphansi kwamahora angu-48, okwenza kube lula ukugcina ikhwalithi. E-United States, ukuba khona kwenkampani kuncane ngenxa yokuncintisana okukhulu okuvela eMexico kanye nokukhiqizwa kwendawo eCalifornia, kanti e-Asia, isabelo sayo semakethe sicishe sibe ngu-15% futhi siyaqhubeka nokukhula ngenxa yemizamo yokukhangisa eqondene nomkhakha, ikakhulukazi eShayina.
IMexico: Ukuphepha kwemisebenzi kanye nokulandelelwa komphakathi ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwe-avocado eHass
IMexico, omunye wabadlali abakhulu kwezohwebo lomhlaba IHass ukwatapheya Njengomhlinzeki ojwayelekile ezimakethe eziningi, futhi wethula izinguquko ezifanele ezingathinta umbono womkhiqizo ngabathengi baseYurophu, ikakhulukazi maqondana nobukhulu bezenhlalo be-supply chain.
Izinhlangano ezinkulu emkhakheni we-avocado, kanye neziphathimandla zikahulumeni, zivumile ukukhuthaza lesi sicelo I-Agro-Export Labour Certificate (VELAGRO)Lena yindlela ehlose ukuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza kanye nokumbozwa kwezokuphepha komphakathi kwabasebenzi abasebenza emini abasebenza ekulimeni nasekuhlinzekeni ngama-avokhado athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukulandelelwa kwabasebenzi.
Umqondo uwukuthi i-avokhado yaseMexico, ikakhulukazi i- I-avokhado ye-Hass ihloselwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazweIsitifiketi sihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uyaziswa kwamanye amazwe hhayi nje ngenxa yekhwalithi nokunambitheka kwawo, kodwa futhi nangokunamathela kwawo ezimweni zokusebenza ezinhle. Ngenxa yalokhu, isitifiketi sihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amarekhodi acacile mayelana nomsebenzi, ukuzibandakanya kwezokuphepha komphakathi, kanye nenhlonipho yamalungelo abasebenzi ayagcinwa ngemuva kokuthunyelwa ngakunye.
Ngokombono wokuncintisana, uhulumeni wesifundazwe saseMichoacán—isifunda esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-avokhado—ukholelwa ukuthi lesi sitifiketi siyanezela izimpawu ezintsha ze-trust lapho kubhekene nezimakethe zomhlaba wonke ezifuna kakhulu, lapho umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi uba yinto ebalulekile njengokuphepha kokudla noma ukusimama kwemvelo.
Ipulatifomu ye-VELAGRO izophatha uhlelo: izindawo zokupakisha kuzodingeka zibhalise ukuthunyelwa kwazo futhi zicele isitifiketi sokuthengiselana ngakunye. Kuhlelwe isikhathi sesivivinyo sezinyanga eziyisithupha, lapho ukungabikho kwesitifiketi kungeke kuvimbele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuze kube lula ukuzivumelanisa nomkhakha futhi kulungiswe noma yiziphi izinkinga ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Uhlelo olusha luzoqala ngokuthatha IHass ukwatapheya Njengomkhiqizo wokuqala ongaphansi kwesitifiketi, inhloso ukukhulisa imodeli kwezinye izitshalo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, njengezithombo, njengoba unyaka uqhubeka. Kwabangenisi baseYurophu kanye neziteshi zokuhlinzeka, lolu hlobo lwethuluzi lungaba esinye isici ekuhloleni abaphakeli, esimweni lapho ukulandelelwa komphakathi kuthola ukunakwa okwandayo.
Konke lokhu kuhambahamba nxazonke IHass ukwatapheya Kusukela emizamweni yaseColombia yokuzinza kwamanzi kanye nokulawulwa kwezitshalo, kuya kumodeli yasePeru eqinile nethuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe lapho iYurophu iyimakethe yayo eyinhloko, kuya ekuzibophezeleni kweMexico ekuqiniseni ubukhulu bezisebenzi, indawo idweba isithombe lapho izithelo ezifika eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu zibhekwa khona ngokuqhubekayo. Kubathengi baseYurophu, lokhu kuhunyushwa njengomkhiqizo oneziqinisekiso ezinkulu zemvelo, ezempilo kanye nezenhlalo, kanti kubakhiqizi kanye nabathumela kwamanye amazwe kusho ukuzivumelanisa nezindinganiso zomthetho eziphakeme kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe isikhundla esivelele emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu zezwekazi.
