Uma wake wangena esitolo sezithelo futhi amehlo akho akhangwa yilezo zithelo ezimise okweqanda ezinemibala eluhlaza, ephuzi, noma e-orenji, kungenzeka ukuthi ububuka ipapaya.
Lona izithelo ezishisayoNgenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungavamile kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi nokunuka kamnandi, ayimnandi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi inobuhle obukhulu bokuhlobisa.Ngakho-ke, kuyinto evamile ukuthi abantu abangaphezu koyedwa bazibuze ukuthi bangazitshala kanjani i-papaya yabo ekhaya besebenzisa i-papaya ethengwe esitolo.
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi awudingi ukuba uchwepheshe ukuze ufeze lokho. Ngembewu ezimbalwa ezikhethwe kahle, isineke, nangokulandela iziqondiso ezimbalwa ezilula zokulima, ungafinyelela ukutshala ama-papaya ekhaya esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka, kokubili ezitsheni kanye nasensimini ngqo, uma nje isimo sezulu sifanelekile.
Ukwazi umuthi we-papaya: izici eziyisisekelo
Ipapaya, egama layo lesayensi lingu UCarica papaya, a izinhlobo zezithelo Imvelaphi yayo isuka eMesoamerica, isakazeke ezindaweni eziningi ezishisayo nezishisayo zomhlaba. Isihlahla esikhula ngokushesha kakhulu esiphila isikhathi esifushane (cishe iminyaka emihlanu okungenani) futhi sinobukhulu obuphakathi., ilungele izingadi ezincane noma ngisho nokulima ezitsheni ezinkulu.
Isiqu saso sibonakala kalula: Iyisilinda, ibushelelezi uma uyithinta, ngokuvamile ayinawo amagatsha aseceleni, futhi phezulu ihlotshiswe nge-rosette yamaqabunga amakhulu kakhulu.Ukwakheka kwayo kufana kakhulu nomuthi wesundu, yize ngokwezitshalo kungeyona into efanayo. Njengoba amaqabunga amadala oma futhi ewa, ashiya amabala abonakalayo esiqwini, izibazi ezinezela ukuthinta kokuhlobisa esitshalweni.
Amaqabunga epapaya ayahlaba umxhwele ngempela. Zinkulu, zinezingqimba ezijulile, futhi umbala wazo uyahlukahluka phakathi kohlaza oluhlaza okotshani kanye nophuzi-luhlaza okotshani, ophahlwe yimithambo ephawulwe kakhulu evela kuma-petioles amade, aqinile.La ma-petioles angaphambaniswa namagatsha, kodwa empeleni ayingxenye yeqabunga ngokwalo.
Ngokuphathelene nezimbali zayo, leyo indaba ehlukile. Kukhona ama-papaya athambile (izinhlobo ezihlukene zesilisa nezesifazane) kanye nezinhlobo ze-monoecious noma ze-hermaphroditic ezikwazi ukukhiqiza izimbali zesilisa nezesifazane esitshalweni esifanayoKulabo abafuna izithelo ngaphandle kokwenza izimpilo zabo zibe nzima, izinhlobo ze-hermaphrodite yizona ezithakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba zingakhiqiza ama-papaya ngokwazo, kuyilapho ezi-dioecious zidinga ukuhlanganisa okungenani iduna elilodwa nensikazi elilodwa ukuze kutholakale impova futhi kuvele izithelo.
Izimbali azibonakali, zincane ngobukhulu futhi zinamacembe amahlanu amhlophe noma aphuzi, angenazo izinzuzo eziningi zokuhlobisa. Ingxenye emangalisayo ngempela iza ngemva kokuvundisa impova ngempumelelo, okungenzeka cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-10 ngemva kokuhluma., lapho ama-papaya okuqala eqala ukuhluma esiqwini somuthi.
Isithelo se-papaya nembewu yaso: isisekelo sokutshala
I-papaya iyisithelo esinokwakheka okuthambile kakhulu, ngokuvamile esimise okweqanda noma eside, okukhumbuza ibhola lombhoxo. Isikhumba sayo singaba luhlaza, siphuzi, siphuzi noma sipinki, futhi yize kunezinhlobo ezinkulu ezidlula amakhilogremu angu-20, ekulimeni kwasekhaya kuvamile ukuthola ama-papaya angamagremu ambalwa.ikakhulukazi uma ubukhulu bomuthi bulawulwa.
Lapho sivula, sithola i-pulp enombala ophuzi ophuzi noma obomvu ophuzi, omnandi kakhulu futhi onephunga elimnandi. Umgodi ophakathi uqukethe imbewu eminingi encane, eyindilinga, emnyama, embozwe uhlobo lwesendlalelo se-gelatinous.Yilabo kanye kanye. imbewu esizoyisebenzisa ukuthola izihlahla ezintsha ze-papaya ekhaya.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izimbewu eziziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphakathi kwepapaya eyodwa, kungase kuvele imbewu ezoveza izitshalo zesilisa, zesifazane, noma ze-hermaphrodite, futhi lokhu kuzothinta ngqo ikhono lesitshalo lokukhiqiza izithelo zodwa.Noma kunjalo, yize singenakuqiniseka ngobulili besitshalo sesikhathi esizayo, kufanelekile ukuzama, ngoba ukulima kulula futhi amathuba okuthola okungenani isampula eyodwa ekhiqizayo aphezulu uma sihlwanyela imbewu eyanele.
Indlela yokukhetha imbewu yepapaya engcono kakhulu esithelweni osithengile
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokutshala i-papaya esithelweni esithengwa esitolo ukukhetha leyo papaya kahle. Kungcono ukhethe isithelo esivuthiwe ngokuphelele, esingenamihuzuko noma amabala ajulile esikhumbeni, futhi uma kungenzeka, esinhlotsheni esifanelana nesimo sezulu sendawo yakini., okwenza kube lula tshala upopoLokhu kokugcina akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uthenga ezitolo ezinkulu noma ezitolo zezithelo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungalibali kakhulu ngakho.
Uma ususekhaya, vula ipapaya bese ususa imbewu ngaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukusebenza ngembewu entsha, ekhule ngokugcwele bese ulahla noma yiziphi ezincane, ezikhubazekile, noma ezibonakala zingavuthiwe.Uma izinto zokuqala zingcono, amathuba okuhluma ngokushesha nangokuchichima ayanda.
Okulandelayo, imbewu idinga ukuhlanzwa. Leyo ngqimba ye-gelatinous ewamboza iyavimbela ukuhluma futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ithanda ukubonakala kwe- amakhowe uma siyishiya inamatheleUkuze uyisuse, faka imbewu esihluzweni bese uyihlikihla kancane ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo, noma uyishiye esitsheni samanzi isikhashana bese uyixuba ngeminwe yakho ize ihlanzeke.
Le nqubo yokuwasha iphinde isebenzise ukukhetha kokuqala kokuphila. Imbewu entanta emanzini ngokuvamile ayisebenzi kahle, ngakho-ke into ehlakaniphe kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukuyilahla bese ugcina leyo ecwilayo.Qedela ukuzihlanza kahle, uzikhiphe amanzi bese uzibeka ephepheni elimunca amanzi endaweni enomoya, enomthunzi ukuze zome kancane amahora ambalwa.
Ezimweni ezinomswakama noma uma uke waba nezinkinga zesikhunta ngaphambili, isinyathelo esengeziwe singaba usizo: Hlanza imbewu ngeviniga emhlophe encane exutshwe namanzi noma ngokufaka i- isikhunta esikhethekile imbewuNgemva kwalokhu kwelashwa, zishiye zome amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 endaweni eyomile, ucindezele kancane ngephepha lasekhishini ukuze kuqhekeke isembozo sangaphandle futhi kube lula ukuhluma.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi kanye ne-substrate ye-papaya
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukunquma ukuthi uzotshala kuphi i-papaya yakho: ebhodweni noma ngqo enhlabathini yengadi. Umuthi we-papaya unezinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo, kodwa ngokuvamile ukhula kahle uma utshalwe emhlabathini, lapho ungatshala khona izimpande ezijulile futhi ukhule ngamandla.Kodwa-ke, inganikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu ezitsheni ezinkulu, yize inezithelo ezincane kancane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ini, into ebalulekile ukudonsa amanzi. Izihlahla zepapaya zizwela kakhulu ekugcwaleni kwamanzi kanye nokubola kwezimpande, ngakho azibekezeleli inhlabathi encane, esindayo egcina amanzi isikhathi eside.Uma inhlabathi yakho ingakhiqizi kahle amanzi, kungcono ukuthi wakhe igquma elincane noma unqenqema bese utshala umuthi we-papaya phezulu ukuze kukhuthazwe ukugeleza kwamanzi amaningi.
Ukuvunda kwenhlabathi nakho kwenza umehluko. I-substrate ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, evulela kahle umoya futhi enamandla okugcina umswakama (kodwa engagcwali amanzi) ilungele lesi sitshalo.Ungathuthukisa isakhiwo senhlabathi ngokufaka umquba ovuthiwe, ama-worm castings, noma eminye imifino yemvelo eyenziwe ekhaya ebolile kahle.
Uma uzotshala ebhodweni, lungisa i-substrate elula neyondlekile kahle ngokuxuba, isibonelo, i-peat noma i-coconut fiber ne-worm humus kanye ne-perlite noma isihlabathi esiqinile. I-Perlite ithuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokungena komoya ezimpandeni, kuyilapho izinto eziphilayo zinikeza izakhamzimba futhi zisiza ukugcina umswakama ulingana.Kungcono ukusebenzisa imbiza ejulile enemigodi emihle yokukhipha amanzi kanye nesoso elingaqongeleli amanzi amahora amaningi.
Ungakhohlwa isici esibalulekile semvelo: Uma utshala i-papaya ngaphandle kwendawo yayo yemvelo yokusabalala, kufanele uyivimbele ukuthi ingaphumi iye endaweni ezungezile futhi ibe uhlobo oluhlaselayo oluncintisana nezitshalo zemvelo.Ukulandelela imbewu nezithelo nokuvimbela ukuthi zingabi ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kwensimu kuwumthwalo wemfanelo omncane wanoma yimuphi umthandi wengadi.
Ukutshala i-papaya ebhodweni isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ukutshala ezitsheni kuwusizo kakhulu uma unendawo encane noma uma ufuna ukulawula kangcono izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ezigabeni zokuqala. Uma imbewu isihlanzekile futhi yomile kancane, gcwalisa imbiza nge-substrate elungisiwe, ushiye amasentimitha ambalwa engagcwalisiwe eceleni. ukuvimbela amanzi okunisela ukuthi angachichimi.
Sebenzisa umunwe wakho noma ipensela, yenza izimbobo ezincane ezingaba yisentimitha elilodwa ukujula. Beka imbewu eyodwa emgodini ngamunye, ushiye isikhala esingamasentimitha angu-5 phakathi kwazo ukuze izithombo zibe nendawo eyanele yokuhluma.Mboza ngobumnene nge-substrate, ngaphandle kokuyiqinisa kakhulu.
Nisela ngokucophelela usebenzisa ithini lokunisela elinezimbobo ezincane noma ibhodlela lokufafaza, ukuze amanzi amanzise isisekelo kodwa angagezi imbewu. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, isihluthulelo kuzoba ukugcina inhlabathi inomswakama kancane, kodwa ingalokothi ibe manzi.Amanzi amaningi angabangela isikhunta nokubola embewini nasezimpandeni ezisencane.
Beka imbiza endaweni ekhanyayo, lapho ithola khona ukukhanya kwemvelo okuningi, okungcono kube ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile amahora amaningana ngosuku uma izinga lokushisa liphansi. Uma ilanga linamandla kakhulu, kuyalulekwa ukuvikela izithombo kancane phakathi nosuku kuze kube yilapho sezikhudlwana.Ukujikelezisa imbiza ngezinye izikhathi kusiza izitshalo ukuba zikhule ziqonde, ngaphandle kokuthambekela emthonjeni owodwa wokukhanya.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokushisa nomswakama, imbewu ye-papaya ivame ukuhluma emavikini ambalwa. Uzobona kuvela izithombo ezincane, ezinye ziqine kakhulu kunezinye, futhi kuyalulekwa ukulinda cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuhluma ukuze unqume ukuthi yiziphi okufanele uzigcine.Abantu abazongenela ukhetho abanamandla kakhulu yilabo abazoqhubeka.
Tshala ipapaya ngqo enhlabathini engadini
Uma unengadi nesimo sezulu esifudumele ngokwanele, ukuhlwanyela ngqo emhlabathini kuyindlela enhle kakhulu. Qala ngokuchaza indawo yokutshala bese uyicebisa ngezinto eziningi eziphilayo ezibolile kahle.ukuyixuba nenhlabathi kuze kube ngamasentimitha angu-25-30.
Uma inhlabathi isilungisiwe, yenza i-level kancane noma wenze amagquma amancane uma amanzi emvelo engalungile. Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokuhlwanyela emabhodweni: yenza imigodi ejule cishe ngamasentimitha angu-1 noma amabili bese usakaza imbewu eminingana emgodini ngamunye.Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukuthi kushiywe okungenani imitha elilodwa lebanga phakathi kwezindawo zokutshala, njengoba izihlahla ze-papaya zidinga isikhala ukuze zikhule.
Mboza imbewu ngenhlabathi encane, nisela kancane bese ugcina inhlabathi imanzi, ugweme ukugcwala kwamanzi. Uma izithombo seziqala ukuhluma, uzobona amaqembu ezitshalo endaweni ngayinye yokutshala, lapho kamuva uzokhetha khona ezingcono kakhulu.Ngale ndlela, weqa ukufakelwa kokuqala futhi wenze kube lula ukukhetha amasampula athembisayo kakhulu.
Emasontweni ambalwa okuqala, kuyalulekwa ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukuba khona kokhula. Izithombo zepapaya zibuthakathaka kakhulu ekuqaleni futhi azincintisani kahle nokhula.Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhule ukhula njalo, uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande zawo ezibucayi.
Ukunakekelwa okubalulekile kwezithombo zepapaya
Isigaba sokutshala izithombo yisikhathi esibucayi kakhulu sokutshala. Izitshalo ezincane zilahlekelwe ukuvikelwa yimbewu, kodwa azikakhiqizi izicubu eziqinile noma izinhlelo zokuzivikela ezisebenzayo ezilwa nezinambuzane, izifo, noma ukucindezeleka kwemvelo.Yingakho bedinga ukunakekelwa njalo kulezi zigaba zokuqala.
1. Ukunisela ngendlela efanele
Ukunisela cishe yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ama-papaya adinga ukutholakala kwamanzi njalo, ikakhulukazi uma ekhula ngenkuthalo, kodwa umswakama oweqile enhlabathini ungabulala izimpande.Imiyalelo icacile: gcina i-substrate imanzi, kodwa ingagcwali amanzi.
Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, kungcono ukunisela kaningi kodwa kancane, okuvumela ungqimba lomhlabathi ukuthi lome kancane phakathi kokunisela. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, nisela ngamanzi angaphezulu ngethini lokunisela elincane, ugweme ukusebenzisa njalo amasoso agcwele amanzi ngaphansi kwezimbiza.Lokhu kukhuthaza ukunyakaza okuphezulu kosawoti ngesenzo se-capillary futhi kuphazamisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhamzimba.
2. Ukuvundisa kanye nobulongwe
Umuthi we-papaya umuthi okhula ngokushesha kakhulu, ngakho-ke uyakwazisa ukuba nezakhamzimba ezitholakala enhlabathini. Uma i-substrate icebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ngeke kudingeke ukuthi kufakwe okunye okuningi phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyalulekwa ukuthi kufakwe umanyolo olinganiselayo..
Umanyolo wamaminerali onesilinganiso se-NPK esingu-15-15-15 ungasetshenziswa ngezikhathi zokukhula okukhulu, uwusebenzise njalo emavikini amabili ngemithamo ephakathi nendawo. Uma isitshalo siqala ukukhiqiza izimbali nezithelo, kungcono ukutshala lezi zitshalo njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu bese ucabangela ukusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo kakhulu.okuthuthukisa inhlabathi futhi okungabi nolaka kakhulu.
3. Izinambuzane nezifo
Izithombo zepapaya zisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka yisikhunta sezimpande, izifo zamachashazi amaqabunga, kanye nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene njengezibungu, ama-mealybug, noma izinambuzane ezimuncayo. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwamaqabunga neziqu kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile kusenesikhathi.futhi kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi izinambuzane ezibalulekile engadini yezithelo kanye nengadini lokho kungabathinta.
Kufanele unake izimpawu ezinjengokuphuzi kwamaqabunga nokomisa, amabala amancane amnyama, ukuguquka, noma ukugoba kwemiphetho. Amabala amnyama angabonisa ukutheleleka kwesikhunta okudinga ukwelashwa nge-fungicide, kuyilapho amaqabunga agobile ngezinye izikhathi ehlobene nemiphumela yemithi yokubulala ukhula endaweni ezungezile.Uma ushesha ukuthatha isinyathelo, kuzoba lula ukuvimbela umonakalo omkhulu.
4. Ukukhetha izithombo
Uma nihlwanyele imbewu eminingana ndawonye, cishe izitshalo eziningi zizohluma ngaphezu kwalokho eningakunakekela. Cishe inyanga eyodwa ngemva kokuhluma, kuyalulekwa ukukhetha bese ugcina kuphela izinhlobo eziqine kakhulu nezakhiwe kahle.Kuyisinyathelo esinzima kumuntu ojabulela ukubuka isitshalo ngasinye sikhula, kodwa siyadingeka kakhulu.
Phakathi nalokhu "kuhlunga," zama ukungalimazi izimpande zezithombo ozogcina. Lezo ozisusayo zingathuthelwa kwenye imbiza noma indawo engadini, uhlale uqaphela ukuthi izimpande zazo zigcwele inhlabathi.Ngale ndlela, wandisa amathuba akho okuthola izihlahla eziningana ezinhle ze-papaya ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Isimo sezulu esifanele kanye nesikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala i-papaya
Umuthi we-papaya uvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa ungatshalwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi ezindaweni ezifudumele nezinomoya opholile, uma nje uvikelekile emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Izinga lokushisa elifanele liphakathi kuka-20 no-30 °C, ngoba lizwela kakhulu emazingeni angaphansi kuka-15 °C futhi ikakhulukazi eqhweni..
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esinconywa kakhulu sokuhlwanyela ngaphandle enyakatho yezwe ngokuvamile ukuqala kwentwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kukaMashi no-Ephreli. Into ebalulekile ukuthi ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile nokuthi, ngokulinganisela noma kancane, amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusuku ahlala ngaphezu kuka-15°C.Ezindaweni ezingenazo izinkathi ezihlukile, sebenzisa izinyanga ezipholile njengesiqondiso.
Uma uhlwanyela kusenesikhathi futhi kuvela isiphepho esibi kakhulu, izithombo zingase zife noma zonakale kakhulu, okunciphisa amandla azo esikhathi esizayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi zijabulela ukuchayeka elangeni elihle, izihlahla ze-papaya zivame ukukhula ngokushesha futhi zingathela izithelo esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka kusukela ekuhlumeni., okumangazayo "ngesihlahla".
Ukuhlolwa, ukulungiswa kanye nokuvunwa kwama-papaya
Njengoba izihlahla zakho ze-papaya zikhula, ukunakekelwa kuba lula, yize kunganconywa ukunganaki izici ezithile eziyisisekelo. Ukuhlola njalo isimo samaqabunga, ukuba khona kwezinambuzane, umbala wesiqu, kanye nokuvumelana kwenhlabathi kuzokusiza ukuthi ulindele izinkinga..
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimbali ezivundisiwe zizoveza izithelo ezincane ezizokhula ngobukhulu futhi zishintshe umbala. Ungavuna ama-papaya uma eqala ukubonisa imibala ephuzi noma e-orenji esikhumbeni bese ethela kancane uma ecindezelwa ngeminwe yakho., uphawu lokuthi sebefinyelele izinga labo elihle kakhulu lokuvuthwa.
Kukhona futhi inketho yokuzivuna zibe luhlaza kancane bese uzivumela zivuthwe ngaphakathi endlini, okunciphisa ingozi yokulimala okuvela ezinyonini, ezinambuzaneni, noma emoyeni ovunguzayo. Ama-papaya aluhlaza asetshenziswa ngisho nanjengeminye imifino ekuphekeni, kuyilapho avuthiwe elungele ukudliwa amasha, kuma-smoothie, noma kuma-dessert amaningi..
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi, nakuba umuthi uphila isikhathi esifushane, phakathi naleyo minyaka ungathela izithelo eziningi. Uma ngemva konyaka ungaboni zimbali noma izimpawu zokuthela izithelo, lesi sitshalo singase sibe sesilisa esinhlotsheni olune-dioecious futhi kufanele uzame futhi ngembewu entsha.benethemba lokuba nenhlanhla futhi bathole okungenani isilwane esisodwa esinomzimba ofana nowe-hermaphrodite noma isilwane esisikazi esihamba kahle.
Ngemva kwenqubo yonke, kusukela ekukhetheni izithelo esitolo sezithelo kuya ekukhetheni ama-papaya okuqala engadini yakho noma ethala, ungaqonda ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi kangaka bethanda lesi sitshalo. Njengoba isimo sezulu singavumi kakhulu, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle, izinto eziphilayo, kanye nokunisela okulawulwayo, umuthi we-papaya uvuzwa ngokukhula okumangalisayo nezithelo ezimnandi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu., iba ngenye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokuqala emhlabeni wezihlahla zezithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo ekhaya.
