Uma unayo izihlahla zezithelo ezimbizeniUma utshala ama-pistachios noma izitshalo ezifana namathanga noma utamatisi futhi ubona izimbali ziwa ngaphandle kokukhiqiza izithelo, kungenzeka ukuthi inkinga ilele ukuntuleka kwempova ephumelelayoEmvelweni, lo msebenzi wenziwa umoya nezinambuzane, kodwa ezinsimini eziningi zezithelo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo azikho njalo impova eyanele noma izimo azilungile.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukufunda Uyivuna kanjani izihlahla ukuze uthole isivuno esiningi Ingenza umehluko phakathi kwenkathi emaphakathi neyochichima isithelo. Akuyona inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa idinga ukwazi ukuhlukanisa izimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi, ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele, nokuphatha impova kahle ukuze ugweme ukuchitha umzamo.
Kuyini ukuthuthwa kwempova ngesandla futhi kungani kwandisa isivuno?
Kwezinye izitshalo, njengama-cucurbits amaningi (khula zucchiniKwezinye izitshalo (amathanga, amakhabe, ukhukhamba), kunezimbali ezihlukene zesilisa nezinsikazi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi impova ihambe isuka kwenye iye kwenye. Kwezinye, njengotamatisi, imbali efanayo ihlanganisa izingxenye zesilisa nesifazanefuthi kwanele ukusiza impova ukuthi ihlukane futhi iwele obala.
Lapho sisebenza ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, emagcekeni angaphakathi, noma izingadi ezisophahleni lwasemadolobheni, kuvamile ukutholakala impova ezimbalwa zemvelo ezisebenzayoKulo mongo, ukuthuthwa kwempova okwenziwa ngesandla kuba yithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokuqinisekisa ukuthi imbali ngayinye inethuba langempela lokukhula ibe isithelo nokuthi akukho ngxenye yomkhiqizo elahlekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ivumela umuntu ukuthi asebenzise a impova elawulwa kakhuluNgamanye amazwi, singanquma ukuthi yisiphi isihlahla noma isitshalo esinikeza impova nokuthi ibekwa kuziphi izimbali, into ethakazelisa kakhulu uma sifuna. khetha imbewuukuthuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo noma ukugwema iziphambano ezingafuneki ezibangela ama-hybrids.
Konke lokhu kubangela ukwanda kwesivuno ngoba kunciphisa izimbali ezingavundisiwe. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi impova ifika lapho idinga ukuya khona, iphesenti lesethi yezithelo liyakhula kanye nayo isivuno sesihlahla ngasinye noma isivuno.
Lapho impova yezandla iwusizo kakhulu: izinhlobo zezitshalo nezihlahla
Akuzona zonke izitshalo ezidinga usizo olufanayo, kodwa kunamaqembu lapho impova yezandla izuzisa kakhulu. ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwezitheloEzinye izibonelo ezicacile yilezi:
- Izihlahla zezithelo zamatshe nembewu (i-apula, i-pear, i-cherry, iplamu, izihlahla ze-alimondi), ikakhulukazi ezinsimini zezithelo ezinezinhlobo ezimbalwa noma ezine-pollinator empofu.
- Izihlahla ze-pistachiolapho kunezibonelo ezihlukene zesilisa nensikazi futhi umoya awuhlali uyisabalalisa impova ngokulinganayo.
- Cucurbits: amathanga, ama-courgette, ukhukhamba, amakhabe nokunye okunjalo, anezimbali ezihlukene zesilisa nezesifazane.
- Utamatisi namanye ama-nightshades izitshalo ezibamba ukushisa, ezingaphakathi endlini ezingaba nezinkinga ngokuntuleka kokuhamba komoya kanye nezinambuzane.
- Ama-strawberries nezinye izinhlobo zommbila, ezindaweni ezivikelekile lapho umoya ungenawo umthelela omningi.
Kunengqondo futhi ukusebenzisa le nqubo izitshalo nge blooms ethize kakhulu noma izimbali okunzima ukufinyelela kuzoLezo ngokwemvelo zincike ezinambuzaneni ezithile ongase ungabi nazo endaweni yangakini. Kulezi zimo, i-nudge encane eyenziwa ngesandla ingenza umehluko omkhulu enanini lezithelo.
Ngokuphambene, ezihlahleni esezivele zivakashelwa ngobuningi bezinyosi, izinyosi, nezinye izinambuzane endaweni enezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuvuthwa kwempova okwenziwa ngesandla kungase kube umfutho wesikhashana nje. ukuqinisekisa ukuvundiswa kwezimbali ezibaluleke kakhulu noma amagatsha athile anokufinyelela okuncane emoyeni.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa izimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi ezitshalweni zohlobo lwethanga
Ezitshalweni eziningi zomndeni we-cucurbit, njengethanga, i-zucchini noma ikhukhamba, kubalulekile ukwazi qamba uhlobo ngalunye lwembali ukugwema ukudideka ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Akuzona zonke izimbali ezingakhula zibe izithelo, futhi yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona.
Imbali yesifazane ibonwa ngoba Ngemva nje kwe-corolla kubonakala ukuqina ebukeka njengesithelo esincane esincane. Endabeni yethanga, ekhula amathanga ekhaya Ibukeka njengethanga elincane, elide noma eliyindilinga, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Leso "sithelo" empeleni akusona isithelo okwamanje: sizokhula kuphela uma impova ifinyelela ukucwaswa futhi imbali ivundiswe kahle.
Lapho imbali yesifazane ingayitholi impova, isithelo esincane siyayeka ukukhula, sibe phuzi, futhi ekugcineni sibole noma siwe. Yingakho abalimi abaningi bezibuza ukuthi kungani. amathanga abo amancane ayabola ngaphambi kokufinyelela usayizi othile; imbangela evame kakhulu ukungatheleleki kwempova okwanele.
Imbali yesilisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibonakala ekugcineni kwe-peduncle encane, ngaphandle kokujiya ngemuva kwembali. Ekupheleni komjikelezo wayo futhi uma isikhiphe impova, imbali iyabuna futhi iwekusale isiqu kuphela esitshalweni. Okuwukuphela komsebenzi wawo ukukhiqiza nokunikeza impova ukuvundisa ezinsikazi.
Ukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi ngokubonakalayo kusivumela ukuthi sizisebenzise njengemithombo yempova nanjengabamukeli, okubalulekile uma sifuna ukungenelela mathupha. Lesi simiso sisebenza kwezinye izitshalo ezifanayo lapho Izimbali zesilisa nezesifazane zivela esitshalweni esisodwa kodwa ngezakhiwo ezahlukene.
Izindlela ezilula zokuthungatha impova mathupha namanye ama-cucurbits
Uma sesikwazi ukuhlukanisa izimbali, amathanga empova ngesandla kanye nezitshalo ezifanayo kuqondile. Umgomo uwukudlulisa impova isuka onqenqemeni lwembali yesilisa iye esikhunjeni sembali yesifazane kuyilapho zombili zivulekile. evulekile futhi entsha, ngokuvamile ekuseni.
Indlela esebenzayo ukusebenzisa i-cotton swab. Yifake ngobumnene embalini yesilisa bese uyihlikihla kancane phezu kwama-anther ukuze ukotini Ngagcwala impovaBese kuthi induku efanayo iyiswe embalini yesifazane bese kuthintwa inhlamba (ingxenye engaphakathi emaphakathi) ukuze impova ifakwe.
Uma ungenayo i-cotton swabs noma ukhetha indlela eqondile, ungakwazi futhi ukusika imbali yesilisa futhi uyisebenzise "njengebhulashi lemvelo." Susa ngokucophelela amacembe ukuze uveze ama-anthers, bese uwufaka embalini yesifazane. ukuthinta kahle ucwaso ngempovaLolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba lugwema isidingo samathuluzi engeziwe.
Ezingadini zasemadolobheni noma ezisophahleni, lapho izinyosi nezinambuzane ziyindlala, lo mkhuba ungenza ngokucacile umehluko enanini lezithelo ezifinyelela ekuvuthweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulabo abafuna ukulondoloza imbewu ehlanzekile yohlobo oluthile, Impova yezandla isiza ukugwema impova engadingeki. nezinye izinhlobo eziseduze ezingase ziqhakaze ngasikhathi sinye.
Akudingekile ukuthulisa impova yonke imbali esitshalweni, kodwa kuyatuseka ukuthi ugxile ezimbalini zesifazane ezinempilo futhi ezibekwe kahle kakhulu. Ngokulawula ukuthi iyiphi imbali yesilisa esiyisebenzisayo nokuthi siyifakela kuyiphi imbali yesifazane, Sikhetha ukuthi yiziphi izici ezihlanganisiwe esizukulwaneni esilandelayo uma kamuva Sigcina imbewu emsulwa.
Impova Manuwali in zokugcina izithombo: utamatisi, sitrobheni kanye nezinye izitshalo
Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zasekhaya noma emihubheni ekhulayo, inkinga evamile ukuntuleka kwezinambuzane nokuncipha kokuchayeka komoya. Endabeni yamatamatisi, isakhiwo sembali sivumela ukuzikhukhumeza, kodwa uma impova ingahlakazeka kahle, isethi yezithelo iyathintekaLapha, umsebenzi wokuthuthwa kwempova okwenziwa ngesandla “ukulingisa” ukunyakaza okungabangwa umoya noma izinambuzane ezifikayo.
Ngotamatisi, unganyakazisa izitshalo noma amagatsha aqhakazayo ngobumnene, noma usebenzise ibhulashi elincane noma ibhulashi lamazinyo likagesi elibanjwe eduze kweqoqo ukuze ukwenza imbali idlidlize futhi ikhulule impovaNjengoba iwa, impova ihlangana nenhlamba yembali efanayo futhi ukuvundiswa kuqediwe.
Kuma-strawberries atshalwa ngaphansi kwepulasitiki noma endlini, ukuqhakaza ngezinye izikhathi kuba kuningi kodwa inani lezithelo ezakhiwe kahle liphansi. Ibhulashi elilula elithambile elidluliswa embalini liye kwelinye, lithinta phakathi nendawo ngayinye, ikani ukudlulisa impova isuka kwenye iye kwenye futhi uthuthukise ukufana nobukhulu bama-strawberries.
Ezinye izitshalo ezifana namakhukhamba, amakhabe, noma i-zucchini ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ziphathwa ngendlela efanayo namathanga: sikhomba izimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi bese siphinda inqubo nge-swab yekotini noma ngokuqondile ngembali yesilisa. Ngokwenza le misebenzi emincane njalo phakathi nezinsuku eziqhakaza kakhulu, kuqinisekiswa izithelo eziningi kakhulu.
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi wonke lo msebenzi akudingeki ube yisicefe noma ube inkimbinkimbi. Ngokuzijwayeza okuncane, Impova eyenziwa mathupha iba yisenzo esijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwansuku zonke ku-greenhouse, futhi isikhathi esitshaliwe ngokuvamile singaphezu kwesinxephezelo ngesimo samakhilo engeziwe esithelo.
Icala elikhethekile le-pistachio: izihlahla zesilisa nezinsikazi
Isihlahla se-pistachio (i-Pistacia vera) isibonelo esihle kakhulu sesihlahla lapho ukuvunwa kwezandla kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuvuneni. Iwuhlobo lwe-dioecious, okusho ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo zesilisa nezinsikazi. izihlahla zesilisa kuphela kanye nezihlahla zesifazane kuphelaFuthi kuphela ezokugcina zithela izithelo esizidlayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, umoya uthwala impova isuka ezihlahleni zesilisa iye ezimbalini zesifazane. Kodwa-ke, emasimini okuhweba noma emapulazini lapho kufunwa khona ukuthuthwa kwempova, umoya usetshenziselwa ukuxhaphaza imithombo yempova. ukwandisa ukukhiqiza kanye nokuvuna njaloUkuthembela emoyeni kuphela kungase kungenele.
Impova eyenziwa mathupha yama-pistachio ihlanganisa ukuqoqa impova ezihlahleni zesilisa ngesikhathi esifanele, lapho izimbali ziyidedela ngobuningi, bese ziyisabalalisa ngokucophelela ezimbalini zesifazane ezamukelayo. Le nqubo idinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwe isitshalo se-phenology, okungukuthi, izigaba zezimbali kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Uma impova ifakwa kusenesikhathi, izimbali zesifazane ngeke zilungele ukuyithola; uma kwenziwa sekwephuze kakhulu, iwindi lokwamukela lizobe selidlulile. Kuzo zombili izimo, umphumela uba ama-pistachios ambalwa ngesixha futhi a ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kuphansi kakhuluYingakho labo abasebenza ngobungcweti ngezihlahla ze-pistachio benaka kakhulu lokhu kuvumelanisa.
ESpain, lapho ama-pistachios athola khona ukuvelela njengesitshalo sesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yawo Isidingo esiphezulu kanye nokujwayela kahle isimo sezulu esomileAbalimi abaningi basebenzise amasu okwenziwa kwempova okwenziwa ngesandla noma amasu anezela impova yomoya. Lokhu kuphumela ekusabalaleni okufanayo kwezithelo esihlahleni, izixha ezigcwele, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla okukhiqiza owesifazane ngamunye. Le ndlela ihambisana kahle namasu we izihlahla zezithelo ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Izinzuzo ezijwayelekile zokuthuthwa kwempova ngesandla ezihlahleni nasezitshalweni
Uma isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, impova yesandla inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezicacile kunoma yimuphi umlimi noma umlimi ofuna ukukhulisa amandla ezitshalo zakhe. Okokuqala kusobala: inani elikhulu lezithelo ngenani lezimbalingokunciphisa inani lezimbali ezibuna ngaphandle kokuvundiswa.
Okwesibili ukulawula ufuzo lwembewu yesikhathi esizayo. Ngokunquma ukuthi yisiphi isihlahla noma isitshalo esinikeza impova, kungenzeka khetha izindlela eziqondile ukulondoloza izici ozifisayo: ukunambitheka, usayizi, ukumelana, ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu, njll. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ulondoloza imbewu ezicini zakho ezihamba phambili.
Izindawo zasemadolobheni
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo, lapho izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile ziphansi, ukuvuthwa kwempova ngesandla kuyakuvumela ukunxephezela ukushoda kwezinyosi nezinye izinambuzaneNgale ndlela ungatshala inala yezithelo nemifino ngisho noma usegcekeni elingaphakathi, ithala eliphakeme noma indawo ebamba ukushisa okuzenzela enezilwane ezincane ezinenzuzo.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthi, ngokwenza ngcono impova, izithelo eziningi zikhula ngokufana, nge ukugcwaliswa kangcono kanye nephesenti ephansi deformationLokhu kubonakala ngokucacile ezitshalweni ezifana nama-strawberry, amathanga, noma ama-pistachios, lapho ikhwalithi ebonakalayo nayo ibalulekile.
Ekugcineni, le nqubo isiza ukuqonda kangcono umjikelezo wempilo yezitshalo. Ngokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekutheleleni impova, umuntu ufunda ukwenza bheka ukuqhakaza ngokuningiliziweLapho izimbali zivuleka, zihlala isikhathi esingakanani zivuma, ukuthi impova injani, isimo sezulu siba namuphi umphumela, njll. Lonke lolu lwazi luwusizo olukhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukuphathwa kwensimu yezithelo noma ipulazi.
Ukuthatha indima "yenyosi yomuntu" lapho kudingekile akuyona inkimbinkimbi futhi kuvula umnyango wesivuno esiyinala. Ngokwazi umehluko phakathi kwezimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi, isikhathi esiqondile sokuthatha isinyathelo, kanye nezindlela ezilula zokuhambisa impova, Noma yimuphi umuntu othanda izinto zokuzilibazisa angathola izihlahla nezitshalo zabo ukuthi zikhiqize izithelo eziningi kakhulu kunalokho abebengakwenza bebodwa.ngisho nasezimeni lapho imvelo ingakwenzi kube lula.
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