Uma uke wacabanga ukuthi ungumuntu wangempela “umbulali wezitshalo” Ngoba yonke into eluhlaza engena endlini yakho igcina ibuna, nguwe kanye umuntu walesi sihloko. Ukunakekela ingadi yasekhaya encane akudingeki kube umsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele, umthombo wokukhungatheka, noma iqoqo lezimbiza ezigcwele inhlabathi engenalutho.
Okubalulekile ukukhetha kahle: kukhona cishe izitshalo ezingafiisikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyinakekela Lawa macebiso afanelekile kwabaqalayo, abantu abamatasa, noma ochwepheshe abakhohlwayo. Sizoqoqa izincomo ezingcono kakhulu ezivela kochwepheshe abafana no-Jo Lambell (owaziwa nangokuthi u-Jo Campbell kweminye imithombo), ulwazi lwemakethe yomhlaba wangempela, namasu ayisisekelo ukuze ukwazi ukumisa ibhizinisi lakho. ingadi engenangqondo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukwenza “ama-planticide” futhi.
Umsuka womqondo "wezitshalo ezingafi"
Umqondo we “izitshalo ezingafi” Lokhu, vele, ihaba elinothando: asikho isitshalo esiphila phakade, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo ziwabekezelela ngendlela emangalisayo amaphutha abantu. UJo Lambell wakuthola kabuhlungu lokhu: wathenga izitshalo ezintathu ezinhle, wazinakekela kakhulu, wazinisela ngokweqile, futhi wagcina ngokuzibulala engazi ngempela ukuthi kungani.
Lokho kuphazamiseka kokuqala kwamholela ekubeni afunde ukulima okunzima Wasungula i-Beards & Daisies, enye yezitolo ezinkulu zezitshalo zasendlini eziku-inthanethi zase-UK. Kusukela lapho, waqala ukwabelana ngolwazi lwakhe ukuze noma ubani abe nezitshalo ezinhle ngaphandle kokudinga ukuba uchwepheshe.
Incwadi yazalwa ngenxa yalokho "Izitshalo Ezingafi: Izitshalo ezingama-40 Eziqinile Zangaphakathi Zabalimi Abaqalayo"Ishicilelwe ngeSpanishi emsebenzini wakhe wesiNgisi. Inhloso ukuthi nalabo ababizwa “ngezigebengu zemifino” bakwazi ukugcwalisa amakhaya abo ngohlaza ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphinda amaphutha, baqonde ukuthi badinga amanzi angakanani, hlobo luni lokukhanya olubafanela kangcono, nokuthi basabela kanjani uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Leyo ncwadi iqukethe Amaphepha angama-40 aphelele ezitshalweni okunzima ukuzicwecwaIchaza izici zazo, izidingo zokunakekelwa, uhlobo lokukhanya namanzi ezikudingayo, ukuthi ziyawuhlanza yini umoya, uma ziphephile ezinganeni nasezifuyweni ezifuywayo, nokuthi zikhula zibe zinkulu kangakanani. Ihlanganisa namacebiso awusizo anamagama athakazelisayo njengeqhwa, izinti, isipontshi namanzi emvula.
10 Izitshalo Zangaphakathi Ezicishe Zingafi Zabaqalayo
Ngaphakathi kwendawo yonke ye- izitshalo ezilulaKuneqembu elilodwa elivela ngokuphindaphindiwe kuzincomo zochwepheshe. Lezi zinhlobo ukuthi, ngenkathi zihlobisa, Zimelana nokunganakwa, ukushintsha kwendawo, ukuchelela okungajwayelekile, nokukhanya okuncane Ngesithunzi esikhulu. Ake sihambe phansi.
1. Isitshalo somkhuleko (i-Maranta tricolor)
Ikholi "isitshalo somthandazo"I-*Maranta tricolor*, noma *i-Maranta tricolor*, i-calathea ekhangayo enegama layo ngenxa yokuziphatha okuthakazelisayo: emini inweba amaqabunga ayo, futhi ebusuku iwagoqa phezulu njengokungathi iyathandaza. Idabuka eBrazil, ngakho ikhula kahle endaweni efudumele futhi enomswakama.
Amaqabunga awo, nge imiklamo emithunzi ehlukahlukene yemithanjeni eluhlaza nokubomvuBanikeza umuzwa ocacile we-tropical. Mayelana nokunakekelwa, ngokuvamile bayakwazisa ukuchelela masonto onke, ukugcina i-substrate imanzi kancane kodwa ingenawo amanzi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele.
Ebusika kuhle isikhala izingoziNgoba ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuncipha futhi isitshalo siyahlupheka uma izimpande zaso zihlala zimanzi. Indawo ekahle yindawo enokukhanya kwemvelo okuningi okungaqondile; ukukhanya kwelanga kungashisa futhi kushintshe umbala wamaqabunga awo.
Uma uyibona ibukeka ishwabene, hlola kokubili umswakama nokukhanya: ngokuvamile ilulama ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. ulungisa ukuchelela Kugcine kude nemithombo yokushisa eqondile noma okusalungiswa okubanda kakhulu. Kuyisitshalo esifuna kancane uma kuziwa emanzini kunezinye ezikulolu hlu, kodwa kuzuzisa kakhulu uma uthola ibhalansi efanele.
2. Ulimi lukamamezala noma ulimi lwengwe (Sansevieria)
Okudumile ulimi lukamamezala (ebuye ibizwe ngolimi lwengwe noma ulimi lwekati) ingenye yezindlovukazi eziphelele zazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. Amaqabunga awo amade, aqinile anamabhande aluhlaza naphuzi akwenza kube into yokuhlobisa elula kakhulu ukuyibeka emaphasishi, emakhoneni, nasemakamelweni okuhlala anokukhanya okuphansi.
Ubuhle bayo obuyinhloko ukuthi Iyasinda ngokulahlwaIdinga amanzi amancane kakhulu futhi ayidingi ukukhanya okuqinile ukuze ikhule. Iwubekezelela kahle umthunzi futhi imelana nezindawo ezomile, iyenze ifaneleke kakhulu ezindlini ezifudunyezwayo.
Nokho, amaqabunga ayo anengcina avame ukunqwabelana uthuli, okungase kwenzeke vimba kancane i-photosynthesisKunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uwasule ngendwangu ethambile, emanzi ukuze uwahlanze futhi ubuyisele ukukhanya kwawo, ugweme imikhiqizo enokhahlo.
Uma nje inhlabathi ingenawo amanzi, i-sansevieria izokhula kahle. Ukunisela ngokweqile kungabangela amaqabunga ukuthi athambe futhi abole, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukugwema ukuchelela ngokuphelele. Yisitshalo esihle kakhulu kulabo abacabanga ukuthi bazokhohlwa ukusinisela.
3. Zamioculcas (ZZ plant)
La zamioculcas zamifoliaIsitshalo se-ZZ, esaziwa nangokuthi isitshalo se-ZZ, singesinye esithengiswa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqalayo. Iziqu zayo eziwugqinsi namaqabunga acwebezelayo agcina amanzi, okuwavumela ukuthi aqhubeke isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokunisela—kuwusizo kakhulu uma uhamba njalo noma ukhohlwa kancane.
Ivumelana kalula ne izindawo ezinokukhanya okuphansiKodwa-ke, uma ufuna ikhule ngokushesha futhi ilondoloze ukubukeka kwayo okucwebezelayo, izokwazisa ukukhanya okungaqondile okusesilinganisweni. Elangeni eliqinile, eliqondile, amaqabunga angashisa futhi abe namabala ansundu.
Kubalulekile ukuhlanza amaqabunga awo ngezikhathi ezithile ngendwangu emanzi ukuze vimbela uthuli ukuthi luvale izimbotshana ephefumula ngayo. Ukunisela kufanele kuhlukaniswe: kungcono ukulinda kuze kube yilapho i-substrate isomile ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokunisela futhi.
Uma ubona izindawo ezimnyama, ezithambile ku-rhizome noma eziqwini ezixegayo, cishe uzinisele ngokweqile. Kulungile. ukunciphisa ingozi futhi kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ebhodweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isitshalo esicishe singabhubhi.
4. Kentia (Howea forsteriana)
La i-kentia Kwakungesinye sezihlahla zesundu ezazithandwa yiNdlovukazi uVictoria, futhi wayenaso ezindaweni eziningi ayehlala kuzo. Amahlamvu alo amahle, anamagobolondo anikeza umoya omuhle kunoma iliphi ihholo lokungena noma igumbi lokuhlala, futhi naphezu kokubukeka kwawo okuthambile, iwuhlobo oluqinile futhi oluvumelana nezimo.
Elinye lamaphuzu ayo aqinile ukuthi Ibekezelela ukukhanya okuphansi kahle.Ngakho-ke, isebenza ngokumangalisayo emaphasishi, ezindaweni ezimnyama, noma amakamelo anamafasitela amancane. Nokho, njengazo zonke izitshalo, iyakwazisa ukukhanya okuthile okuzungezile.
Ngokuqondene nokunisela, ikhetha ukujwayela ngaphandle kokweqisa: gcina i-substrate imanzi kancane, uvumele ungqimba olungaphezulu lome phakathi kokunisela ukuvimbela ukubola. Ukugcwala kwamanzi njalo akukuhle ngakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-kentia palm inhle kakhulu isihlanzi somoyaKungasiza ukususa izinto ezifana ne-formaldehyde noma i-ammonia etholakala endlini. Uma uthanda umbono wesundu elingaphakathi elingaxabanisi, liyikhandidethi elihle kakhulu.
5. I-Sansevieria mikado (iminwe yomthakathi)
La i-sansevieria mikado Iwuhlobo lwe-sansevieria oludabuka e-Afrika oluqashelwa ngamacembe ayo angama-cylindrical, amade avela njengezinduku ezincane ukusuka esisekelweni, yingakho abaningi beyibiza ngokuthi "iminwe yomthakathi".
Usejwayele izimo ezomile nezifudumeleNgakho into yokugcina eyidingayo ukunisela ngokweqile. Inhlabathi kufanele yome ngokuphelele phakathi kokunisela; empeleni, ingenye yalezo zitshalo lapho kungcono ukukhohlwa ukuchelela kunokudlula ngokweqile.
Udinga a i-drainage enhle kanye nebhodwe elinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ukuze amanzi amaningi abaleke kalula. Ibekezelela izindawo ezikhanyayo nelanga elithile elithambile, kodwa futhi iyachuma endlini ekukhanyeni okumaphakathi ngaphandle kokuxabana okuningi.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi isitshalo. okungaba nobuthi Kuyingozi ezifuyweni nasezinganeni uma kudliwe, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyibeka endaweni ephakeme kancane noma engafinyeleleki kancane ukuze ugweme izingozi.
6. I-Yucca (umdumbula)
La Yuca Kuyisitshalo esiqinile esingasetshenziswa kokubili endlini ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo nangaphandle. Iqukethe isiqu sokhuni esingaphezulu noma esingaphansi lapho kuphuma khona amaqabunga amade, aqinile nacijile. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 ezihlukene emndenini.
Ingenye yezitshalo ezimbalwa ezivamile zasendlini ukuthi Imelana kahle nelanga eliqondile.inqobo nje uma isijwayele kancane kancane. Eqinisweni, lokhu kukhanya okunamandla kukhuthaza ukukhula kwayo futhi kuyigcine ihlangene futhi inamandla.
Ikhula kancane, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingakhula ibe cishe amamitha amathathu ukuphakamaNgakho-ke, kubonakala kukhangayo kakhulu emakamelweni okuhlala avulekile, ekungeneni, noma kuma-patio. Ayidingi ukuchelela njalo; ithanda inhlabathi evulwe kahle kanye nezikhathi zokucishe zome phakathi kokunisela.
Njengezinye izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga aqinile, inqwabelanisa uthuli phezulu, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuyihlanza ngendwangu emanzi. khulula izimbotshana zamaqabunga futhi uvumele i-photosynthesis enhle. Kuyisitshalo esiqinile futhi esizuzisa kakhulu ngokunakekela okuncane.
7. Uphaphe lwamaNdiya (bromeliad)
Ikholi Uphaphe lwamaNdiya Ingenye yama-bromeliad ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ekuhlobiseni kwangaphakathi. Into yokuqala edonsa amehlo i-inflorescence yayo enemibala, ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-rosette yamaqabunga aluhlaza, yakhe uhlobo lophaphe noma umkhonto.
Ivela ezindaweni ezishisayo, ngakho-ke izizwa inethezekile ikakhulukazi lapho izindawo ezinomswakama nezifudumeleKuyathakazelisa ukubekwa emakamelweni afana negumbi lokugezela uma enokukhanya okuhle, noma emaqenjini ezitshalo, ndawonye, okwandisa umswakama we-ambient.
Ukunisela kwenziwa kokubili ku-substrate futhi ngokugcwalisa ngobumnene "indebe" eyenziwe ngamaqabunga phakathi nendawo, uqaphele ukuthi ungadluli amanzi ukuze ugweme ukubola. Amanzi kufanele vuselela ngobuningi obuthile ukuze ingami.
Iqhinga eliwusizo kakhulu ukulihlanganisa nezinye izitshalo ezishisayo, into enjalo kwandisa umswakama ngokwemvelo Futhi kusiza ukuwagcina enempilo ngaphandle kokudinga ukufafaza okuningi. Isitshalo esilula kakhulu ukusinakekela kunokuba ukubukeka kwaso kwangaphandle kungase kusikisele.
8. Pothos noma umvini kadeveli
El ama-potosUmvini kaDeveli, owaziwa nangokuthi umvini kadeveli, cishe ungenye yezitshalo ezinconywa kakhulu zabaqalayo. Ikhula ngokukhuphuka noma ngokulandela umkhondo, inamaqabunga amise okwenhliziyo emithunzi ehlukahlukene eluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi inemibala ehlukahlukene enamabala aphuzi noma akhilimu.
Udumo lwakhe njengokungafi akulona iphutha: kunjalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukubulalaUma ukhohlwe ukuyinisela, amaqabunga azowa, kodwa uma nje uyichela, iphinde ivuke ngesivinini esimangalisayo.
Ivumelana cishe nanoma yisiphi isimo: ibekezelela ukukhanya okuphansi, nakuba ikhetha a ukukhanya okukhanyayo kodwa njalo okungaqondile Ukugcina umbala ogqamile wamaqabunga awo futhi ukhule uqine. Ezimweni ezinomthunzi, izoba luhlaza kancane futhi ikhule kancane kancane.
Ngaphandle kokuqina okukhulu, ama-pothos ayasiza ukususa ubuthi obuthile emoyeniNgakho-ke, kuyisinqumo esihle samakamelo okulala, amahhovisi, noma amagumbi okuhlala. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi uhlola ukuthi inhlabathi ayigcwali amanzi futhi unqume imivini uma iba mude kakhulu.
9. Peace lily (Spathiphyllum)
El spatiphile Ingumsindisi wempilo ophelele walabo abakhohlwa ukunisela izitshalo zabo. Inamaqabunga amakhulu, aluhlaza, acwebezelayo futhi ivame ukukhiqiza ama-spathe amhlophe okungathathwa njengezimbali ngephutha. Iwuhlobo oludumile kakhulu ngoba lubonisa ngokucacile lapho ludinga amanzi.
Lapho somile, amaqabunga Agoqe atshekele phansiukunikeza umbono omangalisayo. Vele unisele kahle futhi, ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, iphinde ime iqonde njengokungathi akwenzekanga lutho, okuyenza ibe uthisha omuhle wokunisela kwabaqalayo.
Akakuthandi nhlobo ukukhanya kwelanga; ikhetha ukukhanya okuthambile Ngaphakathi, eduze kwefasitela elihlungwe ngekhethini. I-substrate kufanele igcinwe imanzi kancane, ingashisi ngokuphelele kodwa igweme ama-puddles aqhubekayo angase abolise izimpande.
Enye yezinzuzo zayo ezinkulu ukuthi isitshalo ukuthi Ihlunga umoya kahle ngokuphawulekayo.Iqeda izinhlamvu zesikhunta nokunye ukungcola. Emakhaya anomswakama othile noma kubantu abanokungezwani komzimba okuncane, inketho ethakazelisa kakhulu.
10. Isundu lesundu (i-Chamaedorea elegans)
La umuthi wesundu wegumbi lokuhlala I-Chamaedorea elegans intende yesundu encane, okulula ukuyiphatha yasendlini, ilungele labo abafuna ukuthinta endaweni eshisayo ngaphandle kokuhilizisana. Iziqu zayo ezizacile namaqabunga anezimpaphe kuhlangana kahle nanoma yikuphi ukuhlobisa.
Okudingayo ikona eline Ukukhanya okuhle kwe-ambient kodwa akukho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondileNisela ngokusesilinganisweni lapho ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liqala ukoma. Lesi sitshalo asikubekezeleli ukugcwala kwamanzi, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ibhodwe liphuma kahle.
Ibekezelela kahle impela sombra Futhi umoya owomile ovamile wangaphakathi awukhathazeki kakhulu uma ukhohlwa ukuwunisela usuku olulodwa, futhi ungamelana nokuthutha ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle kokushona ngobusuku obubodwa.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhula kancane kodwa kancane, ikhula ibe luhlaza futhi igcwalise isikhala ngobukhona obuzolile. Ilungele labo abafuna Uhlaza oluningi olunamakhanda ambalwa.
Ukugcina izitshalo zangaphandle kalula
Uma une-balcony, ithala noma ingadi, kukhona nezinketho ezitholakalayo. izitshalo zangaphandle cishe akunakwenzeka ukubulala lokho kuzokuvumela ukuthi ujabulele izimbali, amahlamvu kanye nevolumu ngaphandle kokuchitha usuku nepayipi esandleni sakho noma iziqondiso zokubonisana njalo ngolunye usuku.
La i-yucca yangaphandle (Isihlobo se-yucca yasendlini) sinezela ukuthinta okungavamile ngama-rosette awo amaqabunga aqinile futhi, ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, amaqoqo ezimbali ezimhlophe ezinephunga elimnandi eziqhakaza esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Imelana kakhulu nelanga, umoya, kanye... isomiso.
Elinye ikhandidethi eliqinile yi- i-asparagusKuvame kakhulu kumavulandi enyakatho yeSpain. Amaqabunga ayo amahle, anezimpaphe ayinikeza ukukhanya nokusha, futhi izimpande zayo zinama-capsules amancane agcina amanzi, okwenza ukuthi imelane nezikhathi ezomile ngaphandle kobunzima.
Ikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ikhula kahle uyifake njalo eminyakeni emibili Yifake ebhodweni elikhudlwana noma uyithene kahle ukuze uyigcine ingaphakathi kosayizi owufunayo. Ayifuni ikakhulukazi ngokunisela noma umanyolo.
El i-callistemonIsihlahla sebhulashi, esaziwa nangokuthi "isihlahla sebhulashi" ngenxa yokuma kwe-inflorescences yaso ebomvu, singenye yakudala engadini nasezindaweni zomphakathi. Ngobuchwepheshe isihlahlana, singafinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude futhi sibekezelela ukuthenwa okwakhayo kahle.
La ivy Cishe ingenye yezitshalo ezikhuphukayo ezinzima kunazo zonke ezikhona. Iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku -20 degrees Celsius, idinga amanzi amancane kakhulu, ikhula kahle nomhlabathi omncane kakhulu, futhi ayidingi umanyolo ukuze ikhule.
Kuyisitshalo esilungele labo abafuna ukumboza izindonga, uthango, noma ama-pergolas ngezinto eziluhlaza ngaphandle kokuthi babe lapho unyaka wonke. Into kuphela edingekayo ... ukusika njalo ukuze ingagcini ngokuhlasela izindawo ezingafuneki ... njengocingo lukamakhelwane noma lonke i-facade.
Ekugcineni, i i-asterLesi sitshalo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-autumn daisy," lesi sitshalo se-alpine simelana kakhulu nokubanda futhi siqala ukubonisa izimbali eziningi ezinsomi kusukela ngo-August kuye phambili. Kudinga ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu ngaphandle kokunisela okuvamile kusukela entwasahlobo kuya phambili.
Incamela izindawo ezipholile Alikubekezeleli kahle ilanga lasehlobo elishisayo ezindaweni ezifudumele. Noma kunjalo, iwuhlobo olulula kakhulu ukulukhulisa, olulungele labo abafuna umbala oqhakaza sekwephuzile engadini ngomzamo omncane.
Amaqhinga okugwema ukubulala izitshalo zakho (ngisho noma usaqala)
Nakuba izinhlobo ezikulo mhlahlandlela ziqinile kakhulu, Akuzona ezingabhubhiUkuze uzinikeze ithuba elincane lokusinda kwijika lakho lokufunda, ungathembela kumaqhinga ambalwa alula enza wonke umehluko.
Into yokuqala ukwazi mayelana izidingo eziyisisekelo zesitshalo ngasinyeCabangela uhlobo lokukhanya, imvamisa yokunisela, izinga lokushisa, nokuthi liyazwela yini emakhazeni noma elangeni eliqondile. Ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-InfoJardín ukuze uthintane namaphrofayela ezitshalo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza "zesiphathi sengadi" ezikuvumela ukuthi udale izikhumbuzi zokunisela nokufaka umquba.
Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukubatshela, noma nini lapho kungenzeka. "ukushiswa kwelanga" okuthile okulawulwayoZungezisa amabhodwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze wonke amaqabunga athole ukukhanya futhi angashintshile ekukhuleni ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Nokho, gwema ukuveza izitshalo ezithanda umthunzi ekukhanyeni kwelanga okungase kuzishise.
Ukuthena kancane amaqabunga omile noma awonakele kungomunye umkhuba olula osiza izitshalo Gxilisa amandla akho emaqabunga amasha nezimbaliIsikelo esihlanzekile siyikho konke okudingayo ukuze ususe lokho okufile ngokusobala.
Ngokuqondene nokuchelela, abukho ubuqili bomlingo, kodwa akhona amathuluzi: izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Waterbot zingakwazi ukuhlonza izinhlobo zezitshalo esithombeni futhi zikwazise uma kuyisikhathi sokunisela ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zazo ezilinganiselwe. Okubalulekile wukufunda ukuthi kanjani. bheka i-substrate namaqabunga ukugwema ukuchelela ngobumpumputhe.
Okokugcina, uma ubona izinambuzane (mealybugs, aphid, spider mite), yenza ngokushesha ngamakhambi athambile: kulula kakhulu ukulawula inkinga encane imikhiqizo organic kunokuba ubhekane nokuhlasela okukhulu okudinga izibulala-zinambuzane ezinamandla.
Ukudala “ingadi engenaziwula” empeleni, ukuhlanganisa izitshalo ezibekezelela kakhulu - njenge-sansevieria, i-yuccas, i-pothos, iminduze yokuthula, ama-aspidistra, ama-ivies noma ama-asters - ngemikhuba ethile yokunakekela eqaphelayo: Ungakusebenzisi ngokweqile ngamanzi, hlonipha ukukhanya abakudingayo, futhi usike futhi uhlanze lapho kudingeka.Ngale mithetho embalwa kanye nezinhlobo ezifanele, ngisho nomuntu owayezibheka njengombulali wezitshalo angajabulela ikhaya eligcwele uhlaza ngaphandle kokuba umthwalo.
