La ukoma okuthinta ama-oki e-holm kanye nama-oki e-cork Lesi sifo sesiphinde saba yinto ekhathazayo kakhulu e-Extremadura. Njengoba sibhekene nezimo zezulu ezibangela ukusabalala kwaso, iziphathimandla zesayensi zikhiphe isexwayiso esisha sengozi yokuhlanzeka kwezitshalo ukuze zizame ukuvimba umonakalo we-dehesa (amadlelo) ngesikhathi.
Umuntu obangela lesi sigameko ngu I-Phytophthora cinnamomi, igciwane lomhlabathi okuhlasela izimpande futhi kubangele ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwezihlahla. Ukuze kulindelwe izikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu, i-Extremadura Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CICYTEX) iqalise uhlelo lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi oluhlanganisa amamodeli esimo sezulu athuthukile kanye nezincomo zokuphatha ezihloselwe abaphathi bamahlathi kanye nabanikazi.
Isexwayiso sokuhlanza izitshalo ngenxa yezimo eziyingozi kakhulu
Ngokusho kwe-CICYTEX, i- isexwayiso sengozi yokuhlanza izitshalo Ngenxa yokubikezela kwezinsuku ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye namazinga okushisa afanele kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Phytophthora, le nhlangano, ebika kuMnyango Wezemfundo Wesifunda, Isayensi Nokuqeqeshwa Kwemisebenzi kaHulumeni wase-Extremadura, ixwayisa ngokuthi isimo esilindelwe singase sandise kakhulu izinga lokutheleleka kwegciwane ezindaweni eziningi ze-dehesa.
I-Phytophthora ibhekwa njengeyingozi i-ejenti eyinhloko ehlotshaniswa nesomiso Emahlathini e-holm oak kanye ne-cork oak, lokhu kuyinkinga engeyona nje kuphela ethinta imvelo, kodwa futhi ethinta nomnotho, ngokubeka engcupheni ukukhiqizwa kwekhorkama-acorn kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwe-dehesa. Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwalezi zihlahla kudala inselele yesikhathi eside ekuphathweni komhlaba.
Amamodeli athuthukiswe yi-CICYTEX abonisa ukuthi, ezinsukwini ezizayo, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokukhululwa okuphezulu kwe-zoosporeLezi yizakhiwo ezithelelanayo zegciwane. Ezimweni zomswakama omningi enhlabathini, lezi zitshalo ze-zoospores zihamba kalula etafuleni lamanzi futhi zihlale ezimpandeni, zivula umnyango wokuqubuka okusha kwesomiso ezindaweni lapho izimpawu ezibonakalayo kungenzeka zingakabonakali khona.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lesi sixwayiso asigcini nje ngesixwayiso sobuchwepheshe. Sihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi, phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibucayi, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe ensimini ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwesifo phakathi kwamapulazi, okuyinto ebalulekile lapho izimo zemvelo zivuna igciwane.
Indima yePhytophthora ekukhuleni kwezihlahla ze-holm oak kanye nezihlahla ze-cork oak
Le pathogen ithandwa kakhulu yi- izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphansiLezi yizimo ezivamile ngemva kwezehlakalo zemvula ezihambisana nokwenyuka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa. Ngalezi zikhathi, ama-zoospores akhiqizwa ngobuningi; lezi yizakhiwo ezincane, ezihambayo ezinendlela yokunyakaza ezivumela ukuthi "zibhukude" emanzini enhlabathi.
Uma ama-zoospores ehlangana nezimpande, Zingena ezicutshini bese zibangela ukulimala okuvimbela ukumuncwa kwamanzi nezakhamzimba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuthi ulahlekelwa amandla awo okusabela, uba buthaka, futhi ungase ufe, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka iminyaka eminingana yezimo ezilungele igciwane.
Ezifundeni ezifana ne-Extremadura, lapho amadlelo e-holm oak kanye ne-cork oak ekhona khona. izinsika zemvelo nezomnothoUkuba khona kwe-Phytophthora kubeka usongo olukhulu. Akugcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo okuhlobene nalezi zinhlelokodwa futhi nemisebenzi efana nokulima imfuyo eningi noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-cork, okuncike ngqo empilweni enhle yezihlahla.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi isomiso akuyona inkinga eyedwa, kodwa isifo esiqhubeka kancane kancane futhi esiqhubekayookudinga ukuhlanganisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuphatha ezilungiselelwe ipulazi ngalinye kanye nesikhathi ngasinye sonyaka.
Indlela uhlelo lwesexwayiso lwe-SILVA-F olusebenza ngayo
Ukuze kulindelwe lezi zigameko eziyingozi kakhulu, i-CICYTEX isungule I-SILVA-F, uhlelo lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi Ligxile ekuqapheni izimo zenhlabathi, leli thuluzi lithembele kudatha yokubikezela ekhiqizwe yi-European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), umholi womhlaba ekubikezeleni isimo sezulu ngezinombolo.
Njalo ngeviki, okulandelayo kuyabhekwana: ukubikezela komswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokushisa okuvela ku-ECMWF. Lolu lwazi lucutshungulwa kumaseva e-CICYTEX kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluthile oluhumusha iziguquguquko zesimo sezulu zibe yinkomba yobungozi kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-1, lapho amanani aphezulu abonisa khona amathuba amakhulu ezimo ezifanele zokukhiqizwa kwe-zoospore.
Umphumela ubonakala ku- amamephu, amashadi kanye namaphaneli okuqapha ngendawo Lawa mathuluzi asivumela ukuba sibone isimo ezindaweni ezahlukene zase-Extremadura. Njengamanje, ukuqapha okuningiliziwe kwenziwa ezindaweni eziningana eziqondiwe kahle ngamahlathi e-holm oak kanye ne-cork oak, okuhlanganisa ukubuka konke kwesifunda nokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwendawo ngayinye yokuqapha.
Uma uhlelo lubona ukuthi isikhathi sokushisa nomswakama esilungele kakhulu i-Phytophthora sisondela, luyasondela. kusebenze isexwayiso sengozi ye-phytosanitaryLolu lwazi lushicilelwa kuwebhusayithi ezinikele kulesi sifo futhi luthunyelwa nakubantu ababhalisiwe enkonzweni yesaziso, ukuze bakwazi ukulungiselela izenzo emapulazini abo.
Umgomo we-SILVA-F awukona nje ukubika isimo ngesikhathi sangempela, kodwa ukukhuthaza ushintsho endleleni yokwenza izinto: ukuyeka ukusabela lapho umonakalo usuvele ubonakala ukuhlela izinyathelo kusenesikhathi, ezilungiswe ngokwezinga lengozi elilindelekile isonto ngalinye kanye nendawo ngayinye.
Ukufinyelela ulwazi: iwebhusayithi kanye nezaziso ze-WhatsApp
Ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisa uhlelo, i-CICYTEX ivumele ikhasi lewebhu elithile ku-Fitóftoralapho ungahlola khona isimo samanje sengozi, izibikezelo zezinsuku eziningi, kanye nezincomo zobuchwepheshe ezihambisana nesimo ngasinye. Lawa maphaneli abonisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, amamephu engozi yansuku zonke namagrafu abonisa ukuvela okulindelwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkundla inikeza ithuba lokuthi Bhalisela iqembu lezimemezelo zomphakathi we-WhatsAppLesi siteshi sisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa izaziso lapho kutholakala ingozi eyengeziwe yokusabalala, kanye nezibuyekezo ezifanele ocwaningweni, ezivivinyweni, noma ezinguqukweni zezincomo zokuphatha.
Le nhlanganisela ye-web kanye nemiyalezo esheshayo ihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaphathi bama-dehesa kanye nabanikazi bamahlathi Banolwazi olutholakalayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlola amawebhusayithi asemthethweni njalo. Ngale ndlela, ngezikhathi ezibucayi, isaziso sifika ngqo kumakhalekhukhwini abo.
Leli thuluzi alihloselwe ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe kuphela; lingaba usizo futhi abalimi abancane bemihlaba kanye nabalimi bezinkomo Kudingeka bazi ukuthi kunini lapho kufanele bathathe khona izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe. Umqondo uwukwenza ukufinyelela kwedatha eyinkimbinkimbi yokubikezela kube yintando yeningi bese uyihumusha ibe yimilayezo ecacile, ehambisana neziqondiso ezisebenzayo zesenzo.
Nakuba ukugxila kwamanje ku-Extremadura, uhlobo lwendlela eyasetshenziswa yi-SILVA-F lungasebenza njengereferensi ye- ezinye izifunda zaseYurophu ezinehlathi le-holm oak kanye ne-cork oak elithintekile ngezinkinga ezifanayo, lapho ukuqapha okusekelwe kumamodeli wesimo sezulu kungenza umehluko ekuphathweni kwamahlathi.
Izinyathelo ezinconywayo ngesikhathi sesomiso
Uma isexwayiso sesivuliwe, i-CICYTEX igcizelela ukuthi isihluthulelo siseku ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwe-pathogen phakathi kwezindawo ezinezinga elihlukene lokutheleleka. Isincomo sokuqala ukugwema ukuhambisa inhlabathi ezindaweni ezinezimpawu ukuya ezindaweni ezisabhekwa njengezinempilo.
Lokhu kusho ukuqaphela kakhulu imishini, izimoto kanye nemishini ezingadonsa inhlabathi enamathele kumasondo noma izingxenye zayo. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kunconywa ukuthi kuncishiswe ukuhamba kwayo ngaphandle kwemigwaqo ekhethiwe, futhi uma kudingeka ukusuka endaweni ethintekile uye endaweni engathintekile, kusetshenziswe izindlela zokuhlanza eziyisisekelo ukuze kugwenywe ukuthutha izinhlayiya zenhlabathi ethelelekile.
Esinye isinyathelo esiphawulekayo yilesi ukuvinjelwa kwesikhashana kokungena kwemfuyo Ezindaweni lapho kutholakale khona izihlahla ezithintekile yisomiso, ukuhamba kwezilwane kungenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kwenhlabathi ngengozi phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene zepulazi. Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuhlela kabusha ukudla emadlelweni phakathi kwamasonto anengozi enkulu.
Kuyalulekwa futhi ukunciphisa ithrafikhi yabasebenzi futhi kuncishiswe umsebenzi onzima wasensimini ngenkathi lesi sigameko esibucayi siqhubeka, kubekwe phambili izenzo ezibalulekile futhi kuhlehliswe lezo ezingase zibe zimbi kakhulu ukusabalala kwegciwane.
Lezi ziqondiso zokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo aziqedi lesi sifo, kodwa ziyasiza ukuvimba ukusabalala kokuqubuka okushaKuhlanganiswe nokuqapha okuqhubekayo ngohlelo lwe-SILVA-F, zivumela abaphathi ukuthi balungiswe ngokwesimo isonto ngalinye, bavumelanise izinga lokuqapha nenkomba yengozi eshicilelwe.
Ucwaningo kanye nokuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kwe-dehesa
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-SILVA-F kuyingxenye ye- iminyaka eminingana yomsebenzi we-CICYTEX igxile ekuncipheni kwezihlahla ze-holm oak kanye nezihlahla ze-cork oak. Lesi sikhungo sikhuthaze izivivinyo zesayensi, izifundo zasensimini kanye nezincwadi zobuchwepheshe ezihlose ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwamahlathi lapho kubhekene ne-Phytophthora.
Ezigabeni zangaphambilini, uhlelo lwalusekelwe ku- amanethiwekhi eziteshi zokuhlola ezitholakala emadlelweni asebenzisanayoeyayiqoqa idatha yendawo ukuze yondle amamodeli. Ukuthuthuka kwesikhulumi esisekelwa yizibikezelo ze-ECMWF kumelela ukwenyuka kwamandla okubikezela kwesistimu kanye nokumbozwa kwendawo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okulandelayo kuye kwathuthukiswa izincwadi zokuphatha nokuvimbela ihloselwe ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha, lapho kuqoqwa khona iziqondiso mayelana nobuningi bezihlahla, ukuphathwa kwamadlelo, ukulondolozwa kwenhlabathi kanye neminye imikhuba engathonya ukuvela kwesomiso esikhathini esimaphakathi neside.
Umqondo oyisisekelo uwukuthi, lapho ubhekene nesifo esiqhubekayo njenge-Phytophthora, Akwanele ukungenelela kuphela uma kuvela izimpawuKuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwengozi ezinqumweni zokuphathwa kwansuku zonke, kusukela ekuhleleni umsebenzi wamahlathi kuya ekuhleleni imithwalo yemfuyo endaweni ngayinye.
Esimweni lapho ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungashintsha khona imvula kanye namaphethini okushisa, amathuluzi okubikezela nokuqapha afana ne-SILVA-F abhekwa njengabalulekile. ingxenye yesu lokuqina kwe-dehesa, kokubili e-Extremadura nakwezinye izindawo ze-Iberian Peninsula lapho isomiso siyinkinga khona.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezixwayiso zakuqala, izincomo zokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusekelwa okukhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe kuqinisa amandla okuphendula abaphathi nabanikazi engcupheni eyinkimbinkimbi njengokuwohloka kwezihlahla ze-holm oak kanye nezihlahla ze-cork oak, okusiza ekuvikeleni uhlelo olubalulekile lwemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho ezincike kulo.
