Isihlahla se-achiote, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi UBixa orellana, isitshalo sasezindaweni ezishisayo ebesisetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngezakhiwo zaso eziningi. Itshalwa kakhulu eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, lapho isetshenziswa khona ku-gastronomy, imithi yemvelo, kanye nemboni yendwangu. Isithelo saso siqukethe imbewu ebomvu ejulile esetshenziswa njengombala wemvelo nasekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.
Kulabo abafuna ukukhula nokunakekela isihlahla se-achiote ezindaweni ezishisayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izidingo zaso zemvelo, kusukela enanini lokukhanya kwelanga kuya ohlotsheni lwenhlabathi olufaneleka kakhulu. Ngezansi, sizochaza ngayinye yalezi zici kanye nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo ezinikezwa yilesi sitshalo.
Izici zesihlahla se-achiote
Umuthi we-achiote yisihlahlana noma isihlahla esincane esingaba Ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-2 kanye no-10, enomqhele ophansi, onamaqabunga. Amagxolo awo anombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo futhi ajwayele ukuxebuka abe yimicu. Amaqabunga awo makhulu, aluhlaza ngokujulile, futhi anesimo se-oval noma senhliziyo.
Izimbali ze-Achiote ziyamangalisa, zipinki noma zimhlophe, futhi zikhula ngamaqoqo agcina. Nokho, isici esibaluleke kakhulu salesi sitshalo isithelo saso, a obomvu spiny capsule equkethe imbewu egcotshwe ngento yombala ngaphakathi.
Izimo ezikahle zokukhula kwe-achiote
Luz
U-Annatto udinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi ukuze akhule enempilo. Kutuswa ukutshala kuyo izindawo lapho ithola khona ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile usuku lonke. Nakuba ingakwazi ukubekezelela umthunzi othile, ukuthuthuka kwayo kuzoba kuhle ngokukhanya okukhulu.
Imvamisa
Lesi sihlahla sivumelana kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi, kodwa siyathanda umhlabathi okhishwe kahle, ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise inhlabathi eyisihlabathi evundile noma ene-clayey loam ene-pH engathathi hlangothi ukuya kwe-acidic kancane. Ikhwalithi ephansi yokukhipha amanzi ingaholela ezifweni zezimpande.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kufanele kulinganiswe. Nakuba idinga eyodwa umswakama ophakathi, amanzi amaningi angabangela ukubola kwezimpande. Ngokufanelekile, phuzisa isihlahla sakho lapho ungqimba lwenhlabathi olungaphezulu lomile, cishe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10, ulungise ngokuvumelana nesimo sezulu.
Izinga lokushisa nomswakama
I-Annatto iyachuma emazingeni okushisa asukela ku- 20°C no-30°C. Kuyisitshalo se-tropical esingabekezeleli amazinga okushisa abandayo kakhulu. Ukwengeza, kudinga amazinga aphezulu omswakama, ngakho-ke esimweni sezulu esomile kuyanconywa ukuthi ufafaze amaqabunga awo ngamanzi noma usebenzise i-humidifier.
Ukunakekelwa okubalulekile kokukhula okuhle
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kubalulekile ukugcina impilo yesihlahla. Kumele ziqedwe amagatsha omile, amaqabunga abunile nezimbali ezilimele ukukhuthaza ukukhula okuhlelekile. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuyithena ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba komoya phakathi kwamahlamvu awo.
Umanyolo
Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo olinganiselayo kuthanda ukukhula kwawo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo onengxenye ye 14-14-14 i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ukuvundisa kufanele kwenziwe nyanga zonke entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kuncishiswe ebusika.
Izinhlupho nezifo
I-Annatto ingathinteka yizinambuzane ezifana abavukuzi bamaqabunga kanye nama-seed borers. Iphinde ibe sengozini yezifo ezikhunta njenge-anthracnose. Ukuze ugweme lezi zinkinga, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuhamba kahle komoya futhi ugweme ukuchelela ngokweqile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ezinye izici ze- ukulima kwe-achiote ukwandisa umkhiqizo wabo kanye nenzuzo.
Izakhiwo zokwelapha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-achiote
Imbewu ye-Annatto iqukethe i-bixin namanye ama-carotenoid ane amandla e-antioxidant. Phakathi kwezakhiwo zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi:
- Izimpawu ze-Hypoglycemic: Isiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
- izinzuzo zokugaya ukudla: Isetshenziswa njengekhambi lemvelo lokukhulula ukungakhululeki kwesisu kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugaya.
- Izakhiwo ze-antibacterial: I-extract yayo isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula.
- Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Iqukethe amazinga aphezulu kavithamini A, obalulekile empilweni.
I-Annatto isetshenziswa nasezimbonini zezimonyo nezokudla. Ku-gastronomy, iyisithako esiyinhloko ekuphekeni okuhlukahlukene kwe-Latin America ngenxa yekhono layo lokwengeza umbala ne-flavour ezitsheni.
Isihlahla se-achiote siwuhlobo olungagcini nje ngokuhlobisa izindawo ezishisayo, kodwa futhi sinenqwaba yezinzuzo zokwelapha, zokupheka, nezimboni. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nolwazi oludingekayo, kungenzeka ukuyikhulisa ngempumelelo kunoma iyiphi indawo eshisayo. Uma ibhalansi efanele yokukhanya kwelanga, umswakama, ukuvundisa, nokuthenwa kugcinwa, lesi sihlahla singanikeza izinzuzo eziningi futhi sibe umthombo obalulekile wemithombo yemvelo.
