Isihlahla se i-parota, eyaziwa nangokuthi huanacaxtle, nacaxtle, i-guacanastle o I-Entelobium cyclocarpum, iwuhlobo olumangalisayo oluvela ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika ezigqama kokubili ngenani lalo lokuhlobisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo ezindaweni eziningi. I-silhouette yayo ebabazekayo, ehambisana ne-canopy eminyene futhi engangeneki, iyenza ibe khona ngokusobala ezindaweni zemvelo noma ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Kuwo wonke umlando, lesi sihlahla sisetshenziswe amasiko ahlukene ngezinhloso zokwelapha. imithi, ukudla, imvelo kanye nezingodo. Kusukela kubantu baseMeya kuya kubalimi banamuhla, i-parota iye yahambisana nentuthuko yendawo, ikhonza njengomthunzi, imithi, ukudla kanye nensiza yezomnotho.
Uyini umsuka wesihlahla se-parota?
I-parota i odabuka e-tropical America, ekhula ngokwemvelo emazweni anjengeMexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Cuba, Trinidad, Guyana kanye neJamaica. EMexico, isakazwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisogwini, kusukela Sinaloa ukuya eChiapas ngasePacific futhi kusukela I-Tamaulipas ukuya eNhlonhlweni yaseYucatan ngaseGulf.
Lesi sihlahla siyachuma izindawo eziphansi, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-800 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, emhlabathini isihlabathi noma ubumba duze kwe imifula nemifudlana. Ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuchichimayo kanye nesimo sezulu esinomswakama.
Izici ze-morphological ze-parota
I-Entelobium cyclocarpum Isihlahla esikhulu esingafinyelela phakathi kwamamitha ayi-20 no-45 ukuphakama futhi ube nesiqu esidlula i Amamitha ayi-3 ububanzi. Umqhele wayo onamaqabunga ubanzi kunobude futhi unikeza umthunzi ominyene. Amaqabunga ayinhlanganisela, ama-bipinnate, aluhlaza okotshani futhi maningi kakhulu.
Isiqu sinegxolo grey lapho esemncane y i-granular noma i-fissured ebudaleni. I-sapwood, okusanhlamvu nokuphinki ngombala, ikhiqiza into enamathelayo. Izimbali ziyi-hermaphrodite, zincane, futhi zivela emakhanda aluhlaza. Isithelo saso esiyisici sinesimo esiyindilinga nesigoqiwe, esifana nendlebe, esisinika igama elidumile ngesiNahuatl: awu nacastl (isihlahla sendlebe).
Ama-pods angakala phakathi 7 no-15 cm ububanzi futhi ziqukethe phakathi kwezinhlamvu eziyi-10 nezingama-20 enkulu, eyisiyingi, eyisicaba futhi emnandi ngokunambitheka. Lezi zinhlamvu zinegobolondo eliqinile kakhulu, elidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuze kutholakale ukuhluma.
Inani lokudla okunomsoco kanye nokusetshenziswa kokudla
Imbewu yesihlahla se-parota ine- aphezulu amaprotheni, amavithamini namaminerali. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-CONABIO, aqukethe Ama-amino acid ayi-17 futhi ingaqhathaniswa ngokomsoco uma iqhathaniswa nofulawa kakolweni noma inhlanzi. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwamaprotheni kusuka 32% y 41%, okubenza bafaneleke njengesengezo sokudla.
Baphinde banikeze amaminerali afana i-iron, i-phosphorus ne-calcium, kubalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okukodwa kungaqukatha kufika ku 234 mg kavithamini C, okuqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi avikele ezifweni. Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu okunomsoco kuhlukahluka kakhulu, futhi ukufakwa kwazo ekudleni sekuye kwanda kakhulu.
Lezi zinhlamvu zisetshenziswa kakhulu ama-toast, ingagaywa ukwenza indawo yekhofi futhi isetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni amasoso, amasobho namasaladi. Esimeni saso esingavuthiwe, isithelo sinezakhiwo abaphikisi futhi ngokwesiko isetshenziselwa ukukhulula isifo sohudo.
Izakhiwo zokwelapha zesihlahla se-parota
Kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, i-parota ibilokhu iyinsiza yokwelapha ebalulekile. Izingxenye ezifana ne amagxolo, izithelo kanye nenhlaka (eyaziwa ngokuthi inhlaka ye-caro) isetshenziselwe ukulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kuhlanganisa Ukwelashwa kwemikhuhlane, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, isifo sohudo, ukugaya ukudla kancane, nama-hemorrhoids.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo siqukethe ama-phytochemical compounds nge-antibacterial properties. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa i-betulinic acid, i-machaerinic acid, ne-veracruzole ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesihlahla, kanye nama-saponins nama-alkaloid asebenza njenge ama-antiseptics emvelo.
La ukumnika yamagxolo noma imidumba isiza ekwelapheni izinkinga zesikhumba njenge ukuqubuka noma ukuqubuka. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuhlanza, ekhuthaza ukuqedwa kobuthi. Impande isetshenziswa emithini yemvelo njenge okokuhlanza igazi.
I-Parota wood kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo
Esinye sezici ezaziwa kakhulu ngesihlahla saso ukhuni oluqinile futhi oluqinile, ebaluleke kakhulu ekubazeni nasekwenzeni amakhabethe. Umbala wayo onsundu ngokubomvu onemithambo emnyama uyinikeza ubuhle obuyingqayizivele, ilungele ifenisha, iphansi, izicabha, amatafula, imihlobiso, nezikebhe.
Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo namanzi nezinambuzane, isetshenziswa futhi ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zasemakhaya, amathuluzi ezolimo namathoyizi. Kuyindlela esimeme uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkuni ezishisayo, kusukela ikhula ngokushesha futhi ijwayelana kahle nezitshalo eziphethwe.
It ivelele yayo ubulula kanye nokusebenza kalula, okwenza ifaneleke kokubili abenzi bezandla nabakhiqizi bezimboni. Nokho, umuntu kufanele aqaphele nge uthuli olukhiqizwayo uma usebenza nalo, njengoba kungabangela imiphumela yokungezwani komzimba kwabanye abantu.
Ukunakekelwa nezimo zokulinywa kwayo
Isihlahla se-parota sizala ngembewu, emila ngokwemvelo phakathi Amaviki ayisithupha no-3 ngemva kokuhlwanyela; Nokho, ngenxa yegobolondo layo eliqinile, kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhluma njengokushoda noma ukucwiliswa emanzini isikhathi eside.
Ikhula kahle kakhulu umhlabathi ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo, nge-drainage enhle, futhi idinga ukuchayeka elangeni ngokugcwele. Ezinyangeni zokuqala, a ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zesomiso. Ukusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo kungathuthukisa ukukhula kwawo.
I-parota ifinyelela ubukhulu bayo obudala cishe iminyaka 10. Uma kubhekwa ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, kubalulekile ukuyitshala ezindaweni ezinkulu lapho ingaqhudelani khona nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane noma iphazamise izakhiwo zasemadolobheni.
Umthelela nokongiwa kwemvelo
I-canopy enamaqabunga yesihlahla se-parota ikhiqiza microclimates yomthunzi nomswakama, ekhetha ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Iheha inhlobonhlobo ye izinyoni, izinambuzane namapollinator, okunikela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala kuzo.
Izimpande zayo ezinamandla ziyasiza uku lungisa phansi, ukuvimbela ukuguguleka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingasogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubambisana ne i-mycorrhiza ne-rhizobia, ithuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi nge ukulungiswa kwe-nitrogen.
Nokho, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kokhuni nezithelo zalo kuye kwanciphisa izakhamuzi zakhona zasendle kwezinye izifunda. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza yayo ukulima okusimeme, ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kanye nemfundo yezemvelo ukuqinisekisa ukongiwa kwayo isikhathi eside.
Isihlahla se-parota sihlanganisa ubukhosi, ukusebenza nokunotha kwemvelo. Kusukela yayo izakhiwo zokudla okunempilo y okwelapha Ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwawo emsebenzini wokubaza, kuwumthombo oyigugu kakhulu. Okwakhe ukulima y ukuvikelwa Aziqinisekisi izinzuzo zomuntu kuphela, kodwa futhi ziqinisekisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nokuzinza kwezindawo ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo lapho zihlala khona.
