Lapho kufika amakhaza angempela, Amaqabunga athambile kaulethisi, isipinashi, i-chard nezinye izitshalo eziluhlaza ezinamaqabunga aba sengozini enkulu engadini.Imvula eqhubekayo, isithwathwa sasekuseni, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungazelelwe, noma isivunguvungu somoya owomile kungonakalisa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa lokho okukuthathe amasonto ukuba ukulime.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ngokubona kancane, kungenzeka qhubeka uvuna amaqabunga aluhlaza cishe ubusika bonke ngaphandle kwengadi ukumisa umsebenzi wayoKuso sonke lesi sihloko uzobona ukuthi kungani amakhaza elimaza izitshalo kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izindlela ezinhlanu eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzivikela: kusukela kuma-mulch kanye nomquba kuya emhubheni, izingubo zokulala ezishisayo, izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezincane kanye nemikhuba emihle yokunisela nokuthena.
Kungani isimo sezulu esibandayo nesithwathwa zonakalisa izitshalo eziluhlaza kangaka?
Emifino eluhlaza enamaqabunga, Inkinga enkulu ngesithwathwa ukuthi amanzi angaphakathi kwamaseli ayaba yiqhwa futhi aphule izicubu zawo.Lezi zitshalo zinamaqabunga amancane, amnandi, aklanyelwe ukukhula ngokushesha, angamelani namazinga okushisa angaphansi kweqanda.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-0°C, Amanzi eselula aphenduka amakristalu eqhwa amancane futhi isitshalo silahlekelwa umswakama kungazelelwe.Lelo qhwa lingadabula izindonga zamangqamuzana futhi lishiye amaqabunga ethambile, ecwebezelayo, noma eshile ngokuphelele ngemva kokuncibilika.
Futhi, Umhlabathi obandayo, omanzi ubeka imingcele umsebenzi wezimpandeAmaqabunga ayaqhubeka ephefumula futhi elahlekelwa amanzi, kodwa izimpande azikwazi ukumunca noma ukuthatha kahle umsoco. Umoya wasebusika ubhebhethekisa inkinga ngokuqhubeka nokomisa amahlamvu, kuyilapho umswakama owedlulele ukhuthaza ukukhula kwesikhunta.
Ngokufingqa, Isithwathwa, umoya, nomhlabathi ogcwele amanzi kudala i-cocktail efanelekile ukuze amaqabunga aluhlaza akhiphe amanzi, ashise, noma ayeke ukukhula.Kungakho konke okwenzayo ukuguqula izinga lokushisa lebhafa, ugcine umhlaba uzinzile, futhi gwema ukucindezeleka kwamanzi Yenza umehluko.
I-mulch kanye ne-mulching: umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela emhlabathini
Ngaphambi kokucabanga ngepulasitiki, imigudu noma izembozo, Isinyathelo esiyisisekelo kakhulu sokuvikela izitshalo eziluhlaza okotshani ebusika ukumboza nokwenza ngcono inhlabathiLapha, imiqondo emibili edidayo ngezinye izikhathi iqala ukusebenza: i-mulch kanye ne-padding.
I-mulch yi-a ingxube yezinto eziphilayo eziboleke kahle —umquba, umquba osuvuthiwe, izinsalela zezitshalo esezishintshile— ezihlanganiswa enhlabathiniNgokufanelekile, kufanele ifakwe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kobusika, ukuze impilo yenhlabathi ihlale isebenza ngisho namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Ngalowo msebenzi wokuqala, Uzuza inhlabathi enezimbotshana eziningi, enesakhiwo esingcono kanye nokukhipha amanzi, okungelula ukuminyana ngenxa yemvula nokubanda.Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nto ephilayo isebenza njengendawo yokugcina imisoco ezokhishwa kancane kancane, ishiye imibhede yakho ephakanyisiwe ilungele amaqabunga aluhlaza ukuba ahlume ngamandla ngokushesha nje lapho amazinga okushisa ekhuphuka; kulo mqondo, i impilo yomhlabathi Kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina lokho kuguquguquka.
I-padding (noma i-mulching) isebenza ngokuhlukile: Ayingcwatshwa, kodwa ibekwe njengongqimba oluvikelayo ebusweniUngasebenzisa utshani, amaqabunga omile ashwabene, amagxolo kaphayini, imfucumfucu yokuthena, noma umquba ovuthwe ngokwanele.
Lesi sendlalelo esiphezulu sisebenza njenge-quilt: Inciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa enhlabathini, igcine umswakama ozinzile, ivimbele ukukhula kokhula oluqhudelanayo, futhi ivimbele ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe.Ezitshalweni eziluhlaza okotshani, ungqimba oluphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-5 no-8 ngokuvamile lwanele. i-padding (noma i-mulching) Kuwumkhuba onconywa kakhulu emisebenzini yasekwindla elungiselela ingadi ebusika.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Unganamathiseli i-mulch phansi kwesitshalo ukuze ugweme ukubola.Ngaso sonke isikhathi shiya cishe amasentimitha angu-3-5 eduze kwesiqu esikhulu singamboziwe ukuze isisekelo sikwazi ukuphefumula kahle.
Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa umphumela we-thermal, Ungasebenzisa amafilimu ezolimo amnyama noma izinto ezinemibala emnyamaLezi zimunca kangcono imisebe yelanga phakathi nosuku, zifudumeze ngobumnene inhlabathi, futhi zisize ekuvimbeleni izimpande zemifino yakho enamaqabunga ekuhluphekeni kakhulu phakathi nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa ebusuku; ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiphumela ye-heatstroke lapho ukhetha izinto zokwakha.
Imigudu ekhulayo namanetha ashisayo: i-microclimate eyenziwe ngokwezifiso
Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu futhi ezilula zoku Ukuvikela izitshalo eziluhlaza okotshani phakathi nobusika bonke kubandakanya ukufaka imihubhe ekhula kancaneZicabange njengezindlu ezincane zokugcina izithombo, ezilungele imibhede emide ephakanyiswe ulethisi, isipinashi, i-arugula, ulethisi wewundlu noma i-chard.
Ukuwahlanganisa, Mane ubeke i-PVC noma amakhothamo ensimbi abethelwe ezinhlangothini zombhede ophakanyisiwe futhi uwamboze ngengubo yokulala eshisayo, inezikhala zokuvikela isithwathwa, noma ifilimu yepulasitiki enezimbobo.Lezi zinto zivumela ukukhanya ukuba kudlule, zivumele umoya omncane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zakha i-microclimate efudumele evikelekile emoyeni nasemvuleni; yingakho kuhle ukwazi ukuthi yini ingubo yokulala eshisayo, i-anti-frost mesh sebenzisa esimweni ngasinye.
Kuhlanganiswe kahle, Umhubhe walolu hlobo ungakhuphula izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngo-3 ukuya ku-5 ºC uma kuqhathaniswa nengaphandleOkwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi, ezindaweni eziningi, izitshalo eziluhlaza ezinamaqabunga ziyaqhubeka zikhula, nakuba zihamba kancane, esikhundleni sokukhubazeka noma ukushiswa.
Ukuze umhubhe ufeze umsebenzi wawo, Kuyisihluthulelo sokuvikela kahle imiphetho njalo ngamasentimitha angama-50-60 ngamatshe, okuyisisekelo noma izintambo zomhlabaEzindaweni ezinomoya, kuyatuseka ukuthi wengeze izintambo eziphambanayo noma izigxobo ezengeziwe ukuze umoya ovunguzayo ungashaneli isakhiwo ngesikhathi kunesiphepho.
Ungakhohlwa ukufaka umoya omncane: Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuvula iziphetho noma ukuphakamisa kancane izinhlangothi phakathi nokusa. ukuze ugweme ukuminyana nokushisa okukhulu, futhi ukuvale futhi ngaphambi kokuhlwa ukuze ugcine izinga lokushisa lasebusuku.
Uma ukhathazekile ngomswakama owedlulele-ovame kakhulu emaqabunga aluhlaza-, beka kuqala izingubo zokulala ezishisayo noma anezikhala ezithile phezu kwepulasitiki ehlangeneLezi zindwangu ziyakwazi ukungena emoyeni nasemanzini, zinciphisa ingozi yesikhunta futhi zivimbela umphumela we-sauna ongagcina uminyanisa izitshalo.
Ama-cloches, ama-greenhouses amancane kanye nesembozo sasebusika zezitshalo ezibucayi
Uma kufika izithombo ezisanda kutshalwa kabusha noma izinhlobo zamaqabunga ezizwela kakhuluKwesinye isikhathi umhubhe okhulayo awanele, futhi kudingeka ukuvikela okuqondile. Yilapho ama-cloches, ama-mini-greenhouses, nesembozo sasebusika kungena khona.
Izinsimbi ngazinye zisebenza njenge ama-greenhouse amancane abekwe ngqo phezu kwesitshalo ngasinye noma phezu kwamaqembu amancaneZigcina ukushisa okunqwabelene emini, zinciphisa umthelela wesithwathwa sasebusuku, futhi zivikele emoyeni oqondile.
Ungawathenga esenziwe ngomumo ngepulasitiki eqinile, esobala noma uzenzele ekhaya: amabhodlela amakhulu epulasitiki asikiwe, izitsha zengilazi ezibheke phansi, noma iziqukathi zokubhaka ezikhanyayoKodwa-ke, hlala njalo ushiye izimbobo ezithile ukuvumela umoya ukuthi ujikeleze futhi uvimbele umswakama omningi ukuthi ungafinyeleli ngaphakathi.
Beka lezi zinyathelo zokuzivikela ekushoneni kwelanga, lapho ilanga selishonile kodwa ngaphambi kokuba izinga lokushisa lehle ngokupheleleZisuse noma zikhiphe komoya phakathi kwasemini uma libalele. Gwema ukuvumela i-cloche ukuthi ithinte amaqabunga ngokuqondile; amaconsi amanzi anqwabelana epulasitiki lapho ethintana namahlamvu angabangela ukusha noma ukukhula kwesikhunta.
Emaqenjini ezitshalo noma ezitshalweni ezisebhodweni, izembozo zasebusika ziyasebenza kakhulu: Amasaka noma amaveli endwangu ekhanyayo nephefumulayo abekwe phezu kwayo yonke i-sole.Ezinye ziza nentambo yokudonsa elungisekayo noma oziphu, okwenza kube lula ukuvula nokuvala ukuze kubhekwe isimo sezitshalo.
Lezi zinto ngokuvamile ziyizindwangu ezingezona ezilukiwe, i-jute, noma ezinye izintambo ezibolayo; Zivumela ukukhanya okudingekayo ukuba kudlule, zivikele emakhazeni, emoyeni nasekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni, futhi zigcine umswakama ophansi endaweni yesitshalo.Ziwusizo kakhulu ezihlahleni ezisawolintshi, izitshalo ezinamaphunga azwelayo, noma amabhodwe amakhulu angakwazi ukunyakaza.
Uma unendawo encane, Ama-greenhouse amancane anefreyimu yensimbi nesembozo sepulasitiki ayindlela eguquguqukayo kakhulu.Amanye amamodeli afaka amakhava amabili: eyodwa ebonisa ngale ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu esipholile futhi enye ewugqinsi futhi ekhanyayo yamaphakathi nobusika, ukuze ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinga lokuvikela nesizini.
Ukunisela, ukufaka umquba nokuthena: ukulungisa ukunakekelwa kusigqi sasebusika
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zomzimba, Indlela onisela ngayo, ofaka ngayo umquba, futhi uthene izitshalo zakho eziluhlaza okotshani ngesikhathi sasebusika ithonya kakhulu ikhono lazo lokumelana namakhaza.Umonakalo omningi ungenxa yamaphutha amasiko kunezinga lokushisa ngokwalo.
Mayelana nokunisela, ezinyangeni ezibandayo Izitshalo zidla amanzi amancane futhi i-substrate ithatha isikhathi eside ukuze yome.Ukunisela ngokweqile kungabangela ukubola kwezimpande, ikakhulukazi uma amanzi eba yiqhwa eduze kwezindawo zezimpande ngobusuku obunesithwathwa.
Umhlahlandlela ojwayelekile ulula: Nisela kuphela lapho inhlabathi yomile cishe ngamasentimitha amabili noma amathathu ngaphansi komhlabaKuhle kakhulu ngezikhathi zantambama futhi ungalokothi nje ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga uma kunengozi yesithwathwa sasebusuku.
Ezitshalweni zamabhodwe, Qinisekisa ukuthi amabhodwe aphuma kahle futhi uvimbele amasoso ukuthi angagcwali amanzi.Ungaphakamisa amabhodwe phansi ngamabhulokhi enziwe ngokhuni noma izisekelo ukuze ugweme ukuthintana ngqo nendawo eneqhwa futhi uthuthukise ukwahlukanisa kwezimpande.
Kungcono ukuqhubeka ngokuqapha lapho usebenzisa ama-fertilizer: Imikhiqizo emunca ngokushesha ivuselela amahlumela amathenda azwela kakhulu emakhazeniEkupheleni kwekwindla nasebusika kungcono ukunciphisa umthamo bese ukhetha umquba ofakwe enhlabathini.
Lokhu kuvimbela isitshalo ekukhuleni ngokweqile lapho amazinga okushisa engakahlaliseki. Umanyolo oweqile ngalesi sikhathi "ungaphoqa" amahlamvu athambile abese esha ngesithwathwa esincaneUma ufuna ukuqinisa okuthile, gxila ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka komhlabathi nokwengeza izinto eziphilayo.
Mayelana nokuthena, kungcono ukulondoloza: Ukuthena okunzima kushiya izilonda ezivulekile eziyindawo ekahle yokungena emakhazeni amakhulu kanye nezifo.Uma kungenzeka, gcina ukungenelela okuqinile kuze kube yilapho sekudlule isikhathi sesithwathwa esinamandla.
Uma ingekho enye indlela ngaphandle kokusika, Zilinganisele ekutheneni okuncane kokuhlanza, ukhiphe amaqabunga awonakele kakhulu noma anesifo.Futhi vikela ukusikeka okukhulu ngemikhiqizo yokuphulukisa. Ezitshalweni ezinamaqabunga ezizungeze imibhede yakho enamaqabunga, njengezihlahla zezithelo ezincane, gwema ukuthena ngokweqile ngaphambi nje kokubanda.
Vikela izimpande namabhodwe ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu
Ezimweni zezulu lapho i-thermometer ivame ukwehla ngaphansi kweziro, Izimpande zezitshalo ezimbizeni noma ezitsheni zihlupheka kakhulu kunalezo ezingaphansi komhlaba.Ivolumu ye-substrate incane, iphola ngokushesha, futhi ine-inertia encane yokushisa.
Ngezitshalo eziluhlaza ezinamaqabunga ezitshalweni noma ezitsheni ezinkulu, ungakwazi Goqa amabhodwe ngezinto zokuvikela ezifana nokugoqa ibhamuza, i-coconut fiber, noma amaphaneli otshani acindezelwe.Lokhu kusiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa le-substrate elizinzile futhi kuvimbele isithwathwa esijulile.
Elinye isu eliwusizo Hlanganisa izitsha zezimbali ekhoneni elivikelekile, okungcono kakhulu eduze kuka-a udonga olubheke eningizimuLolo donga luzoqongelela ukushisa okuthile emini futhi lukhulule kancane kancane ebusuku, lunciphise umthelela wokubanda okuqondile.
Uma ungakwazi, Phakamisa izimbiza zezimbali ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka phansi ngezilayidi zokhuni, amabhlogo, noma izisekelo zensimbi.Lokhu kuvimbela ukuthintana okuqondile nezindawo ezibandayo kakhulu futhi kusize ukugeleza kwamanzi; amanzi amancane amile asho ingozi encane ye-substrate eqinile eqandayo.
Ezingadini ezinobusika obunzima, nazo ziphendukela kuzo bopha iziqu zezihlahla zezithelo ezincane noma izitshalo ezinokhuni nge-burlap noma ezinye izinto zokuvikelaLokhu kuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwesithwathwa esinamandla futhi kuvikela isisekelo sesitshalo, isu elithakazelisayo uma unezihlahla ezinikeza umthunzi ngokwengxenye emibhedeni yakho eluhlaza enamaqabunga.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho uvikela izitshalo zasebusika (nokuthi ungazigwema kanjani)
Noma ngezinhloso ezinhle, Kulula ukwenza amaphutha agcine eselimaza izitshalo eziluhlaza esikhundleni sokuzisiza.Ukuqonda lawa maphuzu kungakongela izinkinga.
Elinye lamaphutha aphindaphindwayo yi ukubeka ipulasitiki ngqo emaqabungaEkuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi zifudumala ngale ndlela, kodwa empeleni, ipulasitiki ethintana namahlamvu iqoqa umswakama owedlulele nokushisa lapho ilanga likhanya kuwo, okubangela ukushisa nokukhuthaza izifo zefungal.
Isixazululo senziwa Ngaso sonke isikhathi yakha isakhiwo esincane—amakhothamo, izisekelo, izinduku—esigcina izinto ezivikelayo zihlukene namaqabunga.Ngengubo yokulala eshisayo enamathele ngokuvikelekile emhlabathini, lesi sitshalo siyaphefumula futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, sihlala sifudumele ngaphandle kwalokho kuthintana okuqondile okuyingozi.
Elinye iphutha elijwayelekile ukweqisa ubukhulu be-padding eduze kwesiquI-mulch eminyene kakhulu enamathele esisekelweni igcina umswakama ungashintshi, into ebusika evame ukusho ukubola kanye nesikhunta entanyeni yesitshalo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukungena komoya wemigudu nezindawo zokugcina izithombo: Ukuzigcina zivaliwe ngezinsuku ezinelanga elipholile kubangela ukufiphala kwangaphakathi. okushiya amahlamvu emanzi unomphela. Indawo ekahle ye-downy mildew, i-botrytis, nokunye okunjalo phakathi nobusika.
Akusizi futhi. Nisela ebusuku noma ushiye amaqabunga emanzi ngaphambi nje kwesithwathwa esibikezelwe.Amanzi ebusweni bamahlamvu aba yiqhwa kalula futhi aphindaphinde umonakalo engxenyeni yasemoyeni, ashiye amaqabunga aqinile noma abemnyama ngosuku olulandelayo.
Okokugcina, imininingwane eyodwa yokuhlela: Ukungavikeli kahle izingubo zokulala noma imigudu lapho kubikezelwa umoyaIsivunguvungu esinamandla singaphakamisa isivikelo ngobusuku obubanda kakhulu benyanga, kubangele umonakalo omkhulu. Ukuhlola izibopho nokwengeza isisindo esengeziwe lapho isiphepho sibikezela kufanelekile.
Ukukhetha izitshalo nezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele zasebusika
Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa ngokomzimba nokunakekelwa, la ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo Kwenza lukhulu empumelelweni yengadi yakho enamaqabunga aluhlaza ebusikaKunezitshalo ezivele zenzelwe ukumelana namakhaza.
Phakathi kwezitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana namakhaza kukhona isipinashi, i-chard, izinhlobo eziningi zikalethisi wamaqabunga, iklabishi, ubhontshisi obanzi, nophiziLezi zakamuva aziyona imifino enamahlamvu ejwayelekile, kodwa ziyingxenye yeqembu lemifino echuma kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngokusesilinganisweni.
Ngaphakathi kohlobo ngalunye, Bheka izinhlobo ezibhalwe ngokukhethekile ngokuthi “ubusika”, “ukumelana nokubanda” noma “zokutshalwa sekwephuzile”Zivame ukuba nezicubu eziminyene, ubude obufushane, kanye nokuqina okubonakala ngokushesha lapho kufika isithwathwa sokuqala.
Kungumqondo omuhle futhi hlanganisa izitshalo ezingapheli kanye nonyakaIzitshalo ezimila eziqinile, ezinezimpande ezijulile ezivikelwe umboza wezihlahla ezinhle, zimila ngamandla lapho ukushisa kufika, kuyilapho ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza ziphumelela enye kwenye ngokuhlwanyela okuyaluza.
Uma uhlala esimweni sezulu esinobusika obunzima kakhulu, Cabangela ukugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezishisayo kakhulu noma ezizwela kakhulu ukuze zilinywe endlini noma ngaphansi kwe-greenhouse ezinzilefuthi ishiya izimo ezinzima kulabo abakwazi ukubhekana nazo ngokweqiniso besebenzisa amasu esiwabonile.
Ngazo zonke lezi zinqolobane—inhlabathi elungiswe kahle, ukumboza ngembongolo ofanelekayo, imigudu nezingubo zokulala eziqoqwe kahle, ukunisela ngenkasa okulungisiwe, ukuthena ngobuhlakani, nokukhetha okuhlakaniphile kwezinhlobonhlobo—, Ingadi yakho enamahlamvu eluhlaza ingahlala isebenza futhi inempilo ubusika bonke, inciphise ukulahlekelwa isithwathwa futhi isebenzise isikhathi lapho izingadi eziningi "ziyayeka".Ngokunaka le mininingwane, amakhaza ayayeka ukuba yisitha esingapheli futhi kuba inselele elawuleka ngokuphelele.
