Ukuguqula izingcezu zasekhishini zibe umquba owenziwe ekhaya sekucishe kube yinto engavamile isiko elibalulekile kulabo abanakekela izitshalo zabo kanye nengadi yabo yasemadolobheni.Ngale kokuba yimfashini, ukwenza umquba ekhaya Kuyindlela elula yokunciphisa imfucuza, ukonga imali kumanyolo, nokuthuthukisa kakhulu impilo yenhlabathi lapho izitshalo zakho zikhula khona.
Uma uqala ukuhlukanisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo bese ubona ukuthi ishintsha kanjani, uyaqaphela ukuthi Akuyona nje indlela yesimanje yokuvuselela izinto, kodwa umkhuba onomlando wezinkulungwane zeminyakaKusukela emasikweni ezolimo asendulo kuya ezingadini zasemadolobheni zanamuhla, ukwenza umquba kusebenze ukubuyisela izakhamzimba enhlabathini futhi igcine ivundile, ithambile futhi igcwele impilo yamagciwane.
Iyini i-compost futhi kungani izitshalo zakho ziyithanda?
Umquba, ngokuyisisekelo, izinto eziphilayo ezibolile ngendlela elawulwayo kanye nokuba khona komoya-mpiloYenziwe ngezinsalela zokudla, amaqabunga, amagatsha amancane, izingcezu zengadi kanye nokunye ukungcola kwezitshalo okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuguquke kube umquba omnyama onephunga lomhlabathi elimanzi kanye nokuthungwa okuxekethile.
Ngobuchwepheshe, ukwenza umquba kuyinto ukubola kwe-aerobic ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayoNgamanye amazwi, ama-microorganism (amabhaktheriya, isikhunta nezinye izinto ezincane) aphula izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo lapho kukhona umoya, okwenza ukushisa kanye nezinto zokugcina ezizinzile, ezicebile ngezakhamzimba futhi ezizuzisa kakhulu inhlabathi.
Lo manyolo wemvelo uthuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi ngoba Kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezingxenye zomhlabathi, kwandisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi kukhuthaze umsebenzi wezilwane ezizuzisayo.njengemibungu yomhlabathi kanye nezinambuzane ezincane ezisiza izimpande ukuba zikhule kangcono. Ngokufaka umquba, inhlabathi enesihlabathi ithola amandla okugcina umswakama kanye nezakhamzimba, kanti inhlabathi yobumba iba buthakathaka futhi ivuthe kakhulu.
Ngokombono wezemvelo, ukwenza umquba ekhaya kunciphisa kakhulu inani lemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ezigcina zisesitsheni sikadotiLokhu kusho ukuthuthwa kwemfucuza okuncane, ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuncane komasipala, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukukhishwa kwe-methane okuncane okuvela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, igesi enamandla yokushisa ekhiqizwa lapho izinto eziphilayo zibola ngaphandle komoya-mpilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenzisa umquba ezitsheni, ezitshalweni, ezingadini zasemadolobheni noma emibhedeni yengadi, Unciphisa ukuthembela kumanyolo wamakhemikhali futhi unegalelo ekuhlelweni kwemvelo okulinganiselayoIzitshalo zakho zivame ukumelana kakhulu, zibe nezimpande ezinempilo kanye nokuqhakaza okunempilo kanye nokuthela izithelo okulinganiselayo.
Okudingayo ukuze uqale ukwenza umquba ekhaya
Ukusungula uhlelo lwakho lokwenza umquba ekhaya akudingeki kube nzima kakhulu: Uma unesitsha esifanele, izingcezu zasekhishini ezikhethwe kahle, kanye nokubekezela okuncane, usuqedile.Uma ufuna ukuyenza ibe yinkimbinkimbi kamuva, uzohlala unesikhathi.
Isitsha noma umquba ofanele indawo yakho
Inhliziyo yenqubo yindawo lapho uzoqongelela khona imfucuza. Ungakhetha umshini wokwenza umquba olungiselelwe ukuthengiswa, ibhokisi lokhuni, isitsha sepulasitiki esinesembozo, noma ngisho nembiza enkulu yezimbaliInto ebalulekile akuyona kakhulu ifomethi, kodwa ukuthi inomoya futhi ungasusa izinto ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu.
Uma uhlala efulethini futhi ungenayo ingadi, awusasekho emdlalweni. Kunezinhlelo zangaphakathi ezincane ezifana ne- I-Bokashi, umquba wokubilisa osebenza ngaphandle kwephunga elibi, amagagasi ama-vermicompostezisebenzisa imibungu yomhlaba ukuguqula imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ibe yi-humus yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nomanyolo omanzi ogxile kakhulu.
Uma usebenzisa ipulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa noma ibhakede lokhuni, kubalulekile Vula imigodi emincane ezinhlangothini nasezansi ukuze kungene umoya futhi uvumele umswakama owedlulele ukuthi uphume. Ngaphandle komoya, ingaphakathi liba yi-anaerobic, kuvela iphunga elibi, futhi inqubo iyehla noma yonakale. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uzoyihlanganisa kanjani, ungakwenza Bona ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Noma ngabe iyiphi imodeli oyikhethayo, zama ukufaka umquba indawo lapho ithola khona umoya, ivikelwe emvuleni eqondile naselangeni elinamandla kakhuluI-patio, ithala, i-balcony ebanzi noma ikona lengadi kuyizinketho ezinhle zokugcina izimo zizinzile.
Izinsalela zasekhishini: lokho ongakufaka nokungakufaka kumquba
Isihluthulelo sokuthola umquba olinganiselayo ukuhlanganisa izinto ezicebile nge-nitrogen ne-carbon, okuholela ekuxubeni “izinsalela eziluhlaza” (ezimanzi) “nezinsalela ezinsundu” (ezomile)Womabili amaqembu ayadingeka ukuze ama-microorganisms asebenze ngesivinini esihle.
Phakathi kwemfucuza okufanele ifakwe kukhona eminingi ephuma ekhishini nsuku zonke. Ungangeza kalula amakhasi ezithelo nemifino (i-apula, i-orenji, izaqathi, i-zucchini, njll.), amakhasi amazambane namabhanana, izingcezu zemifino ezisele ekuphekeni (ngaphandle kwamasoso noma uwoyela) kanye namakhasi ahlukahlukene.
Futhi kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ikhofi eligayiwe ngesihlungi salo sephepha, uma nje lingenawo uyinki wepulasitiki, kanye izikhwama zetiye Uma zingenazo izinto zensimbi noma izembozo zokwenziwa. Lezi zinto zihlinzeka nge-nitrogen futhi zithuthukise ukuthungwa komquba, kanye nokusheshisa umsebenzi wamagciwane.
Amagobolondo amaqanda achotshoziwe kahle ayinto ethakazelisayo ngoba Zengeza i-calcium futhi zisiza ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo somhlabathiIsinkwa esidala, uma nje singakhunti noma singacwilisiwe emafutheni, singafakwa ngobuningi obuncane. Ekugcineni, ama-napkin asetshenzisiwe noma iphepha lasekhishini (ngaphandle kwamafutha amaningi noma uyinki oqinile) kanye nekhadibhodi elingaprintiwe noma eliprintiwe kancane kunezela ikhabhoni futhi kusize ekuvuseleleni ingxube.
Kodwa-ke, kunemikhiqizo ethile yemfucuza okufanele igcinwe kude nomshini wokwenza umquba wasekhaya. Izinsalela zenyama, inhlanzi, izinhlanzi, amathambo kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi ngokuvamile khiqiza iphunga elibikudonsela izinambuzane namagundane, futhi kwenza kube nzima ukubola kwe-aerobic. Kwenzeka okufanayo nangokudla okusele okunamafutha amaningi noma okucwiliswe ngamafutha.
Akuyona futhi umqondo omuhle ukwethula Indle yezilwane ezifuywayo, udoti wamakati, amapulasitiki, izitsha, izingcezu ezinosawoti omningi, noma ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhuluNgaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okunomkhuhlane othuthuke kakhulu akukhuthazwa ngobuningi obukhulu, ngoba kungaphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo yamagciwane adingekayo kumquba.
Ibhalansi phakathi kwezinto “eziluhlaza” kanye “nezinsundu”
Ukuze umquba uphume kahle, kubalulekile ukugcina isilinganiso esithile phakathi kwemfucuza emanzi neyomile. Njengesiqondiso, Kungcono ukuba nezinto eziningi ezicebile ngekhabhoni (amaqabunga omile, amakhadibhodi, iphepha, utshani, uthuli lwesarha) kunalezo ezicebile nge-nitrogenngoba uma sifaka izinsalela zokudla eziningi kakhulu, inqwaba iba manzi kakhulu futhi inganuka kabi.
Indlela ewusizo yokuhlela ukushintshanisa izendlalelo: okokuqala isisekelo sezinto ezomile (amaqabunga, amagatsha amancane, ikhadibhodi eliqoshiwe)Ngaphezu kwalokho, engeza ungqimba lwezinsalela zasekhishini ezintsha, bese kuba nolunye ungqimba olomile. Ukuphinda le nqubo kusiza ukudala umquba ovundile onesakhiwo esihle futhi ongengozi yokubiliswa okungafuneki.
Uma ufuna ukusheshisa inqubo, ungakwazi Faka inhlabathi encane engadini yakho phakathi kwengqimba ngayinye.Le nhlabathi ihlanganisa ama-microorganisms kanye nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla ezizosheshisa ukubola futhi zisize ekuqiniseni uhlelo.
Umoya, umswakama nesikhathi: iresiphi yokwenza umquba ophelele
Uma usucacile ngalokho okufanele ukufake nokungafanele ukufake, sekuyisikhathi sokunakekela izimo zangaphakathi zomshini wokwenza umquba. Umoya-mpilo, umswakama owanele, kanye nesineke yizona zinto ezintathu ezibalulekile ekutholeni umanyolo osezingeni eliphezulu. ukuthi izitshalo zakho zizokwazisa izinyanga eziningi.
Ukubaluleka komoya ovunguzayo
Ukwenza umquba ekhaya, ngaphezu kwakho konke, inqubo ye-aerobic, futhi lokho kusho ukuthi Ama-microorganism adinga umoya-mpilo ukuze asebenze kahle futhi angabi namaphunga amabi.Uma inqwaba iqina kakhulu noma igcwele amanzi, umoya uyayeka ukujikeleza futhi ukubola kuba yi-anaerobic, kube nephunga elibi kakhulu nelingathandeki.
Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kuyatuseka Hlanganisa okuqukethwe yi-composter njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10Ungasebenzisa ifosholo encane, ifoloko, noma ngisho nenduku eqinile ukuxuba izendlalelo, uzikhulule, bese uvumela umoya ukuthi ujikeleze futhi. Lesi sinyathelo esilula, esithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, senza umehluko omkhulu phakathi komquba onempilo nowokuyinkinga.
Indlela yokulawula umswakama
Umswakama ofanele womquba uvame ukuchazwa njengofana nowomquba isiponji esikhishwe kahle: simanzi uma sithinta, kodwa asiconsiUma komile kakhulu, ukubola kuyaphela; uma kumanzi kakhulu, kuba uqweqwe, kuqine, bese kuqala iphunga elinamandla.
Uma ubona ukuthi ingxube yomile, ungakwazi Engeza amanzi amancane usebenzisa ithini lokunisela noma ibhodlela lokufafazaNgaphandle kokunisela ngokweqile, noma ukwengeza izingcezu zasekhishini ezintsha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uthola ukuthi okuqukethwe kumanzi kakhulu, kuzosiza ukwengeza izinto ezomile ezengeziwe (amaqabunga, amakhadibhodi, uthuli lwesarha) noma ngisho nenhlabathi ukuze umunce okungaphezulu.
Indawo yomquba nayo ibalulekile. Uma ingaphandle, kufanele ivikelwe emvuleni enkulu engayikhukhula.futhi kusukela elangeni eliqondile amahora amaningi, okuyomisa kakhulu. Ikhona elinomthunzi ongaphelele livame ukuba lihle kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi efanele ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi umquba ulungele?
Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze umquba uvuthwe sincike ezintweni eziningana: izinga lokushisa elizungezile, uhlobo lwezinto zokwakha, usayizi wemfucumfucu, izinga lomswakama kanye nokuvama komoyaNgaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ungaba nomquba ongasetshenziswa cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezine.
Ezimweni ezibandayo, lapho izinto eziqinile futhi inqwaba inyakaza kancane, Le nqubo ingathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha noma eziyisishiyagalombili.Kulungile lokho: izinto eziphilayo zizogcina zishintshile noma kunjalo, kancane kancane. Ukubekezela kuyingxenye yenqubo.
Umquba usulungile uma Inombala onsundu omnyama noma cishe omnyama, ukuthungwa okuxekethile, kanye nephunga elimnandi lomhlabathi omanzi.Uma izinsalela eziningi zokuqala zisabonakala kalula (amaxolo amakhulu, izingcezu zemifino, njll.), kudinga isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze kukhule.
Indlela yokusebenzisa izingcezu zasekhishini uma ungenayo i-compost
Kuvamile ukuthi umuntu anqume ukuhlukanisa izinsalela zokudla bese ngokuzumayo eqaphela ukuthi Akanawo umshini wokwenza umquba noma uhlelo olucacile lokuphatha lawo makhemikhali.Okwamanje, inhlabathi yengadi ingaba yimbi, ibe yisihlabathi, noma ibe nobumba, futhi kuvela isilingo sokungcwaba leyo mfucuza ngqo eduze kwezitshalo.
Ukufaka kancane kancane izingcezu zasekhishini esisekelweni sezitshalo kunganikeza izakhamzimba esikhathini esiphakathi, kodwa Akufani ncamashi nokusebenzisa umquba ovuthiweImfucuza entsha ayikaboli, futhi ukubola kwayo enhlabathini ngokwayo kungabangela ukungalingani kwesikhashana.
Uma ukudla okusele kubola ngqo emhlabathini, Zidla umoya-mpilo futhi zingavimba i-nitrogen enhlabathini Ngesikhathi sokuqala, lokhu kungase kungabi njalo kuzuzisa izimpande eziseduze esikhathini esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingadonsela izinambuzane noma izilwane ezingafuneki futhi zikhiphe iphunga, ikakhulukazi uma inani elikhulu ligcwele endaweni ethile.
Uma ufuna ukuzisebenzisa ngaphandle komquba, inketho ephakathi nendawo yile zingcwabe emiseleni emincane noma emigodini esakazeke engadiniZimboze kahle ngenhlabathi, ugweme izindawo eziseduze kakhulu nesisekelo sezitshalo. Lokhu kuzozivumela ukuthi zibole kancane kancane, kuthuthukise isakhiwo senhlabathi yendawo futhi kuncishiswe iphunga kanye nokuphazamiseka.
Noma kunjalo, ukuze kusetshenziswe ngendlela elawulwayo nephephile, Ukusetha ngisho nohlelo olulula kakhulu lokwenza umquba kuyindlela enconyelwa kakhuluAwudingi imishini eminingi: ngesitsha esilula nesinomoya omuhle, ungenza inqubo ibe hlanzekile, isheshe, futhi isebenze kahle.
Indlela yokusetha nokuphatha umquba wakho isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Uma usunqume ukusebenzisa izingcezu zasekhishini lakho ngendlela ehlelekile, sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa uhlelo. Inqubo ilula futhi iyaphindaphindwa: lungisa isitsha, shintshanisa izendlalelo, lawula umswakama nomoyafuthi uvumele isikhathi senze umsebenzi waso.
Ukulungiselela isisekelo se-compost
Qala ngokubeka ungqimba olukhulu lwezinto ezomile: amagatsha amancane, amaqabunga omile, utshani noma ikhadibhodi eliqoshiweLesi sisekelo sizosiza ekukhipheni amanzi, sivimbele izinto ukuthi zingaqini phansi, futhi senze kube lula ukujikeleza komoya kusuka phansi.
Ngokusekelwe kulokho, engeza eyodwa ungqimba lokuqala lwezinsalela zokudla ezintsha, okungcono ziqotshwe zibe yizicucu ezincaneUma izingcezu zincane, kulapho ukubola kwazo kushesha khona, ngoba ama-microorganisms azoba nendawo engaphezulu yokusebenza kuyo.
Okulandelayo, mboza konke ngesinye isendlalelo. ungqimba lwemfucuza eyomile njengephepha eliqoshiwe, iphepha lasekhishini elisetshenzisiwe, noma ikhadibhodi elingenayo uyinki oqinilePhinda le nqubo njalo uma ufaka imfucuza emisha yasekhishini: ungqimba olumanzi kanye nongqimba olomile phezulu, njenge-"lasagna" yezinto eziphilayo.
Uma ufuna ukuyiqala, ungakwenza fafaza inhlabathi engadini yakho phakathi kwezinye izendlaleloLokhu kusiza ekugonyeleni inqwaba ngamagciwane avela enhlabathini yakho, azosheshe azivumelanise nendawo entsha futhi asheshise inqubo yokwenza umquba.
Ukuphathwa komquba nsuku zonke kanye namasonto onke
Empilweni yakho yansuku zonke, noma nini lapho unezicucu zasekhishini ezifanele, ungakwazi Vula umshini wokwenza umquba bese ubeka izinto endaweni esakazekile, ngaphandle kokwenza izinqwaba endaweni eyodwa.Bese uzimboza ngezinto ezomile ukuze uvimbele izimpukane namaphunga, bese uvala isitsha.
Kunconywa okungenani kanye ngesonto Susa konke okuqukethwe ngethuluzi elikuvumela ukuthi uxube kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.Lokhu kukhuthaza umoya, kulinganisa umswakama phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene, futhi kusheshise ukubola. Akudingeki ukuthi ube nohlelo oluhlelekile ngokweqile: ukunyakaza okumbalwa okunamandla ngokuvamile kwanele.
Kuyalulekwa futhi Hlola umswakama ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuthinta izinto ngesandla esinamagilavu.Uma ubona ukuthi iyaconsa noma imanzi kakhulu, engeza izinto ezomile; uma ibukeka ikhululekile futhi inothuli, engeza izingcezu eziluhlaza noma amanzi amancane.
Nini futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa umquba ezitshalweni zakho
Uma umquba usuvuthiwe, uzoba yinto efanayo, emnyama enephunga elifana nelehlathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, Ungaqala ukuyifaka enhlabathini yezimbiza zakho, izitshalo, imibhede yezimbali noma ingadi yasemadolobheni ukuthuthukisa ukuzala kwayo kanye nesakhiwo sayo.
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuyisebenzisa ukuyixuba ne-substrate ngesilinganiso esiphakathi kuka-20% no-30%Kuye ngezidingo zezitshalo kanye nesimo senhlabathi yokuqala. Enhlabathini embi kakhulu noma enesihlabathi, ungafinyelela ngisho naku-40% ezindaweni ezithile, ubheke njalo ukuthi izitshalo zisabela kanjani.
Okunye okungenzeka ukukusabalalisa ungqimba olungaphezulu oluzungeze izitshalo ezisunguliwe, njenge-mulch yemveloNgale ndlela, ukunisela kanye nemvula kuzothwala kancane kancane izakhamzimba ziye endaweni yezimpande, kuyilapho ungqimba oluphezulu luvikela umswakama futhi lunciphisa ukubonakala kokhula.
Kuwusizo kakhulu ezingadini zemifino kanye nasezindaweni zezimbali. Faka umquba enhlabathini ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela noma ukutshala izitshalo ezintshaUkuyisebenzisa kancane ngegeja noma ifoloko kuyasiza ukuthi ihlangane namasentimitha ambalwa okuqala enhlabathi, okuyilapho izimpande ezincane zezinhlobo eziningi zigxile khona kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa umquba njalo akugcini nje ngokupha izitshalo kancane kancane, kodwa futhi Kunciphisa isidingo sokusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali okhipha ngokushesha.okuvame ukubangela ukuhluma kwezakhamzimba okunzima ukuthi izimpande zikwazi ukuzilawula futhi okungangcolisa amanzi uma kusetshenziswa ngokweqile.
Ukwenziwa komquba ekhaya kanye nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele
Ukwenza umquba ekhaya kunesici esibonakalayo esisebenzayo, kodwa futhi kunesici esibanzi esihlobene nendlela esidla ngayo. Nsuku zonke, inani elikhulu lokudla okusebenziseka kahle liyalahlwa emakhaya.Lokhu kunomthelela kwezomnotho nakwezemvelo ovame ukunganakwa.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokunciphisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo hlela ukuthenga kwakho kangcono bese upheka kuphela lokho ozokudla ngempelaUkusetshenziswa kahle kwesiqandisi nesiqandisi, kanye nokugcinwa kokudla okwanele, kusiza ekwandiseni isikhathi saso sokugcinwa futhi kuvimbele ukuthi sigcine sisemfucumfucwini ngenxa yokunganaki.
Uma umeme abangani noma umndeni esidlweni sakusihlwa bese kuba nokudla okusele, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza Gcina noma yini engasetshenziswa kabusha ezitsheni ezingangeni moya esiqandisini noma efrijiniNgaleyo ndlela, uzoba nokudla okulungele lezo zinsuku lapho ungafuni ukupheka khona, futhi uzobe unciphisa nokudla okulahlwayo.
Uma udla izingcezu ongeke uzidle, ukwenza umquba kubonakala sengathi Isixazululo esihlakaniphile esiguqula lokho okwakuyimfucuza kube umthombo obalulekile wezitshalo zakhoIzinsalela zezithelo nemifino, izingcezu zekhofi, izikhwama zetiye namagobolondo amaqanda, uma ziphathwa kahle, azibe yinkinga futhi zibe yingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo wokudla okunomsoco ovaliwe.
Ngombono obanzi, umquba ekhaya Lokhu kunciphisa inani lemfucuza okumele iqoqwe futhi iphathwe omasipala, okuholela ekongeni ezokuthutha kanye nokuphathwa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunciphisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, ukukhishwa kwe-methane okuhlobene nokubola kwayo ezimweni ezingenawo umoya-mpilo kuyancishiswa.
Ngokwezinga lendawo, ukwenza umquba omkhulu kunamandla okwenza ukusiza ekubuyiseleni inhlabathi eyonakele noma inhlabathi eba ugwaduleukuthuthukisa ikhono lomhlabathi lokugcina amanzi nokugcina ikhabhoni ngokwemvelo. Ekhaya, isebenza futhi njengethuluzi lokufundisa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ezingaqonda cishe ukuthi umjikelezo wezinto eziphilayo usebenza kanjani.
Ekugcineni, Ukufunda ukusebenzisa izingcezu zasekhishini ukulungisa umquba olinganiselayo kuba isenzo esilula esinomthelela omkhuluIzitshalo zakho ziyakhula ziqine, inhlabathi ithola impilo, ibhodwe lakho likadoti liyancipha, futhi ikhaya lakho liba yindawo encane yokucwaninga yokuzinza kwansuku zonke lapho wonke amakhasi amazambane noma ikhofi eligayiwe libalulekile khona.
