Ubufakazi obuqoqwe emikhakheni yokuhlola eCastilla y León bubeka izinombolo kuthrendi eyaziwayo kulo mkhakha: imbewu ye-cereal eqinisekisiwe Isivuno siyakhula futhi impendulo ye-agronomic izinzile, ngisho nasemikhankasweni enzima.
Imiphumela, etholwe ohlelweni lokubonisa oludidiyelwe i-UPA ezindaweni ezintathu ezinezimo ezihluke kakhulu, ikhombisa ukwanda kokukhiqizwa okufika ku- 15% ngokwesilinganiso uma kuqhathaniswa nembewu yonyaka wesithathu yokusebenzisa kabusha (R3), enomehluko omkhulu kakolweni.
Isivuno esiqhathaniswayo: R1/R2 vs. R3
Ukuhlaziywa kwezigaba zokuqashwa kukhombisa ukuthi imbewu ye unyaka wokuqala nowesibili (R1 no-R2) Ngokusobala badlula u-R3 kukho kokubili ibhali nokolweni, futhi benza kanjalo ngokungaguquki ezindaweni ezintathu ezihlolisisiwe.
E-Mamblas (Ávila), idatha ibonisa ukuthi i- R1/R2 ibhali ifinyelele ku-3.600 kg/ha uma iqhathaniswa nezi-3.150 kg/ha ngo-R3; kukolo, umehluko wawumkhulu: 3.300 kg/ha enembewu eqinisekisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa no-2.500 kg/ha nge ukuqashwa ngonyaka wesithathu. Lapho, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubekezelelana okuhle kokushisa kwabonwa futhi umthelela ophansi wesikhunta.
E-Rabé de los Escuderos (Burgos), ibhali eqinisekisiwe yazuzwa nxazonke 6.000 kg / ha, cishe ngo-15% ngaphezu kuka-R3. Kukolweni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-R1 kube nesandla ngokwesilinganiso cishe 700 kg/ha eyengeziwe mayelana nembewu esetshenziswe kabusha.
Ku-Fuentes de Nava (Palencia) umehluko wawucace kakhulu: i ibhali R1 ifinyelele ku-5.195 kg/ha uma iqhathaniswa no-4.500 kg/ha ka-R3, kanti ukolweni u-7.794 kg/ha ukalwe ngembewu eqinisekisiwe kanye no-6.156 kg/ha ngo-R3, ukugxuma okungama-21% okuhambisana nokuhluma okungcono, amandla amakhulu kanye ukumelana nezifo emkhankasweni omanzi.
Ngokuthatha isethi yokuhlolwa, inzuzo evamile yayiseduze 15%Ngesivuno, ibhali libhalise ukunyuka ngo-13% kanye nokolweni ngo-17% lapho imbewu yekhwalithi isetshenziswa uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kabusha konyaka wesithathu.
Indlela kanye nobubanzi bezivivinyo
I-UPA isebenze cishe Izinhlobo ezi-50 yebhali nokolweni ezigabeni ezintathu zokubonisa: iMamblas (Ávila), i-Fuentes de Nava (i-Palencia) ne-Rabé de los Escuderos (i-Burgos), ehlanganisa inhlabathi nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene ukuze kutholwe iziphetho ezifanayo.
Iphrothokholi yayihlanganisa ukulungiswa komhlaba, ukuhlwanyela, ukuqapha ezolimo, nokuvuna, kanye nezikhathi zokwaziswa nabalimi. Lokhu kulandeleka kuvumele imiphumela ukuthi ifakwe kwikhwalithi yembewu nokusebenza kwayo ngokuphendula isimo sezulu kanye nempilo.
Kuzo zonke izindawo, izigaba ze-R1/R2 ziqhathaniswe ngqo nazo R3, ukugcina okunye okuguquguqukayo kokuphatha kufana ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umehluko ophawuliwe ubangelwa imbewu.
Isimo sezulu, impilo kanye nendima yekhwalithi yembewu
Ngalé kwamakhilogremu ehektheleni, imbewu eqinisekisiwe yagqama kuyo ukuhluma okungcono, ukufana kokuvela kanye namandla okuqala, izici ezihumusha emandleni amakhulu ukusizakala ngamanzi nezakhi.
Kumongo we ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu Ngeziqephu zokushisa, umswakama owedlulele noma amakhaza, izakhi zofuzo eziqinisekisiwe kanye nokwelashwa kwembewu okuqinisekisiwe kusize ukuqukatha ukusabalala kwezifo zokukhunta, isici esigcizelelwe enkathini yemvula ka-Palencia.
Inhlangano igqamisa ukubaluleka kwe- isayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo isetshenziswa ekuzalweni kwezitshalo kanye nokulungiswa kwembewu okusemthethweni njengezici ezigcina ukukhiqiza nokuzinza kokusanhlamvu ezindaweni ezikhiqiza okusanhlamvu.
Imithelela kumlimi
Izinombolo zikhomba ekukhetheni imbewu eqinisekisiwe noma ngokuqashwa kabusha okunesimo esisemthethweni sonyaka wesibili kuyisu elinciphisa izingozi futhi lingathuthukisa iphuzu elibalulekile, ikakhulukazi lapho umfutho wezifo noma ingcindezi yokushisa ihlobene.
Ukujwayela okukhulu kwe-R1 ne-R2 kwabonakala ezindaweni ezahlukene (i-Ávila, i-Burgos ne-Palencia), ehlinzeka isisekelo senhloso ngezinqumo zokuhlwanyela emikhankasweni ezayo, kokubili kubhali nokolweni.
Kulabo abazisa izindleko nezimbuyiselo, izivivinyo ziphakamisa ukuthi umehluko wokusebenza—ko 13% kuya ku-21% kuye ngesivuno nendawo-kunxephezela umzamo wokuqala ngezinto eziqinisekisiwe, ngenkathi futhi yengeza izinzuzo empilweni yezitshalo.
Ngemiphumela yalo mkhankaso, i-UPA iqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukubheja imbewu yekhwalithi Akuwona nje umbuzo wokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi nokusimama kwezolimo kanye nokusimama kohlelo esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside.
Isethi yonke yedatha - enokuthuthukiswa okucacile kokuthi kilos/ha, ekuhlumeni nasekumelaneni nezifo—kushiya umlayezo ocacile: ngaphansi kwezimo ezihloliwe, imbewu yezinhlamvu eqinisekisiwe inikeza ukusebenza okuphakeme nokuthembekile ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kabusha konyaka wesithathu.
