Lapho sinakekela izitshalo zasendlini, kuvamile ukuba sikhathazeke lapho sibona amanye amaqabunga eqala ukuphenduka aphuzi. Lesi simo, esaziwa ku-botany ngokuthi i-chlorosis, ingenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zokuthi kukhona okungalungile ngempilo yezitshalo. Amaqabunga ayingxenye yokuqala ebonakalayo ekhombisa izimpawu zayo ukucindezeleka o ukuntula, ngakho ukubheka umbala waso kusivumela ukuba sibone izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi senze ukugwema ukuwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukufa kwesitshalo.
Uma uzibuza Kungani izitshalo zakho zasendlini zinamaqabunga aphuzi, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezimbangela eziningi, kusukela emaphutheni okunisela, ukukhanya okunganele, izinkinga nge-substrate, ukuntuleka kwezakhi, ukuba khona kwezinambuzane, noma ngisho nomjikelezo wemvelo wesitshalo. Ngezansi, uzothola a Umhlahlandlela ophelele nonemininingwane wokuhlonza umthombo wenkinga futhi ufunde ukuthi ungayixazulula kanjani ngempumelelo ukuze izitshalo zakho ziphinde zibe nohlaza namandla.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuphuzi ezitshalweni zasendlini
Amaqabunga aphuzi angabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokwethuka, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela izimpawu, indawo ezungezile, nokunakekela esikunikezayo ezitshalweni zethu. Ukuba khona kwamaqabunga aphuzi akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi inkinga enkulu; ngezinye izikhathi, kuyingxenye yemvelo yomjikelezo wempilo yesitshalo. Nokho, uma yellowing kuyinto zisabalele noma uma ithinta ngokushesha amaqabunga noma izitshalo eziningana, kuhle ukwenza okuthile.
- I-Chlorosis: kuhambisana nokulahlekelwa umbala oluhlaza wemvelo weqabunga ngenxa yokunciphisa chlorophyll, i-pigment eyenza i-photosynthesis namandla ezitshalo.
- Ukuchelela ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi: Kokubili ukweqisa kuthinta ikhono lezimpande lokumunca amanzi adingekayo kanye nezakhamzimba.
- Ukuntuleka noma ukweqisa kokukhanya: Uhlobo ngalunye lunezidingo ezithile zokukhanyisa futhi ukubekwa okungalungile kungabangela noma yini kusukela ku-chlorosis kuya ekushiseni noma ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile.
- Ukungalingani kokudla okunomsoco: ukuntuleka kwezimbiwa ezifana i-iron, i-nitrogen, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-phosphorus noma i-potassium kuholela emaphethini ahlukene okuphuzi.
- Izinhlupho nezifo: Ukuba khona kwezinambuzane, isikhunta noma amagciwane kuvimbela ukujikeleza kobisi futhi kubangele amabala, ukuguquguquka kombala kanye nomonakalo osabalele.
- Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, okusalungiswa noma ebhodweni elingafanele: Indawo ezungezile inethonya elibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezitshalo.
- Umjikelezo wemvelo: Amanye amaqabunga aphuzi angase abe yi-senescent (amadala) futhi awe njengengxenye yenqubo yemvelo.
Izinkinga zokunisela
El ukuchelela okunganele kungesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani amaqabunga ezitshalo zasendlini angalahlekelwa umbala wawo oluhlaza futhi aphenduke aphuzi. Kokubili i- ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi kuthinta impilo yesitshalo, nakuba izimpawu zingahluka:
- Ukungabi namanzi:
- Amaqabunga amasha kakhulu (phezulu) avamise ukuphenduka abephuzi.
- I-substrate izokoma ngokuphelele futhi ilula ukuyithinta.
- Isitshalo singabonisa izimpawu zobuthakathaka obujwayelekile futhi ngezinye izikhathi sisengozini kakhulu ezinambuzaneni ezifana nama-mealybugs kanye nama-aphid ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwamanzi.
- Ukweqisa kwamanzi:
- Ukuphuzi kuvame ukuvela kuqala emaqabunga amadala, aphansi.
- Inhlabathi izoba nomswakama unomphela, ibe nokubukeka okuhlangene noma ubukhona be-moss, izimpawu zokungaphumi kahle kwamanzi.
- Izimpande zingabola, okuholela ezifweni zefungal nezinye.
- Ibhodwe lizoba nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu kunalapho i-substrate yomile.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma isitshalo siniselwe ngokungalungile?
- Uma isitshalo yomileGcwalisa ibhodwe esitsheni samanzi isigamu sehora ukuze uvuselele i-substrate futhi uvumele izimpande ukuba zimunce amanzi ngokulinganayo. Bese, vumela amanzi engeziwe adonse ngaphambi kokuwabuyisela endaweni yawo evamile.
- Uma isitshalo igcwele amanzi noma kukhona ukudlula okucacile kwamanzi, susa ngokucophelela isitshalo ebhodweni, susa i-substrate emanzi ngokweqile bese ugoqa ibhola lempande ephepheni elimuncayo kuze kube yilapho loma kancane. Bese uyiphinda embizeni ehlanzekile enenhlabathi eyomile bese ufaka a isikhunta sesistimu ukuvimbela izifo fungal.
- Gwema ukuchelela futhi kuze kube yilapho i-substrate yomile kancane phezulu.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ibhodwe linezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi nokuthi i-substrate ingena kahle umoya.
- Ezinhlotsheni ezizwelayo ekuchithekeni kwamanzi, sebenzisa izingxube ezine-perlite, igravel noma isihlabathi ukuze uthuthukise ukungena kwamanzi.
Ukuntuleka noma ukweqisa kokukhanya
La ukukhanya kubalulekile ye-photosynthesis futhi, ngakho-ke, ukugcina umbala oluhlaza wamaqabunga. Nokho, kokubili ukuntula njengokweqile kokukhanya kungadala i-chlorosis noma omunye umonakalo:
- Ukungabi nokukhanya:
- Amaqabunga kancane kancane alahlekelwa umbala, aphenduke aphuzi noma abe mhlophe.
- Ukukhula kuhamba kancane noma kuma ngokuphelele, amaqabunga amasha mancane futhi abuthakathaka.
- Izitshalo zingase zinwebe zifuna ukukhanya (i-etiolation), zikhule iziqu ezinde, ezibuthakathaka.
- Ukukhanya okuqondile okweqile:
- Idala ukusha okuvela njengamachashaza aphuzi noma ansundu, ikakhulukazi emthunzini noma ezinhlotsheni ze-semi-shade.
- Amaqabunga angase ome emaphethelweni futhi awe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izixazululo ezinconyiwe:
- Thola isitshalo ngokwezidingo zaso zokukhanya: Bheka ishidi ledatha lohlobo ngalunye ukuze uzivumelanise nezimfuneko zalo zokukhanya kwemvelo.
- Uma inkinga iwukuntuleka kokukhanya, hambisa isitshalo endaweni ekhanyayo, eduze kwefasitela noma ngaphansi kwezibani zokwenziwa ezifanele futhi ugweme izindawo ezimnyama.
- Uma inkinga ukukhanya ngokweqile, ihambise endaweni enokukhanya okuhlungiwe, umthunzi omncane, noma usebenzise amakhethini ukuze uhlukanise ukuqina.
Okusalungiswa, okubandayo kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa
I-Las umoya obandayo noma oshisayo futhi ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa kuyimbangela evamile yokuphuzi kwamaqabunga, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezishisayo noma ezibucayi:
- Umoya owomile noma imisinga yomoya iqeda amanzi emaqabungeni, okwenza ukuthi amathiphu namachopho ajike abephuzi bese kuba nsundu.
- Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwesiphephetha-moya, amafeni, noma ukubekwa eduze kwamafasitela avulekile kuveza izitshalo ku-microclimate engathandeki.
- Ukucindezeleka kokushisa kunciphisa ukukhula, kubangela ukuwa kwamaqabunga, futhi kwandisa ubungozi ezinambuzaneni.
Indlela yokugwema ukucindezeleka kwemvelo?
- Gcina isitshalo kude nemithombo yomoya eqondile (ama-air conditioner, ama-radiator, izindawo zokuphuma kwamandla, njll.).
- Beka ama-humidifiers noma amathreyi amanzi eduze kwezitshalo ezizwelayo ukuze ukhulise umswakama we-ambient.
- Gwema ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa futhi ungawabeki eduze kwamafasitela avame ukuvulwa, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebandayo.
- Uma ubona izimpawu zalesi sizathu, vele ususe isitshalo bese unquma noma yimaphi amaqabunga awonakele.
Ukushoda kwezakhi ku-substrate
Izitshalo zidinga ukudla okunomsoco ukuze zigcine ukukhula okunempilo kanye namahlamvu anombala. Okuluhlaza okujulile. I ukushiyeka okuthile Zizibonakalisa ngamaphethini aphuzi ahlukene:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-iron (i-iron chlorosis): amaqabunga amancane abonisa ukuphuzi phakathi kwemithambo, kuyilapho imithambo ihlala iluhlaza. Kuvame kakhulu ku izitshalo acidophilic (amahydrangeas, camellias, gardenias, azaleas) futhi ngokuvamile ahlobene ne-pH ephezulu ye-substrate noma amanzi okunisela ane-alkali.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogenUkuphuzi kuqala emaqabunga amadala noma aphansi. Kuyinto evamile ezitshalweni ezikhula ngokushesha noma lapho ibhodwe selincane kakhulu futhi i-substrate isiphelile.
- Ukushoda kweMagnesium: Ibonakala emaqabunga amadala, anezindawo eziphuzi phakathi kwemithambo, okungase kuphele ukoma nokuwa.
- Ukushoda kweManganese: ukuphuzi okufana nensimbi, kodwa ngokuvamile kuthinta kokubili amaqabunga amancane navuthiwe.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, i-potassium noma isulfure: Kwesinye isikhathi ukuphuzi kubonakala kanye namachashaza noma i-necrosis emaphethelweni.
Indlela yokulungisa ukuntula kokudla okunomsoco? Uma ufuna ukujula ezimpawini ezithile, ungabonisana nokuthi ungayixazulula kanjani.
Izinambuzane nezifo: ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile
I-Las izinambuzane njengama-aphid, ama-mealybugs, izibungu, izimpukane ezimhlophe kanye namathrips, kanjalo amakhowe futhi amanye amagciwane angabangela amaqabunga aphuzi, abonise amachashaza, noma awe. Ezinye izimpawu zokuthi izinambuzane noma izifo zingase zibe imbangela:
- Ukuba khona kwezinambuzane ezincane ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, i-fuzz emhlophe, ama-spider webs (izibungu) noma amaconsi oju olunamathelayo.
- Amachashazi aphuzi angavamile, iziqu ezikhubazekile, izimbali ezifiphele, noma amaphethini anamabala.
- Amaqabunga abuna naphezu kokunakekelwa okujwayelekile, noma ukubonakala kwesikhunta se-sooty (isikhunta esihlobene nezinambuzane ze-honeydew).
Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile kanye nezincomo ezengeziwe
- Umjikelezo wemveloIzitshalo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezivundile, zichitha amaqabunga amadala ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma amanye amahlamvu enempilo futhi ukuwa kweqabunga kugcina isikhathi, ungethuki.
- Ibhodwe elincane noma i-substrate ekhathele: Uma ubona izimpande ziphuma esisekelweni noma ukukhula kukuncane, zifake esitsheni esikhulu bese uvuselela inhlabathi.
- I-drainage engalungileUkugcwala kwamanzi esisekelweni kubangela ukuminza kwezimpande futhi kukhuthaze izifo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ibhodwe linezimbobo futhi, uma kunesidingo, engeza i-gravel noma i-perlite phansi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi angafaneleAmanzi anosawoti omningi noma i-chlorine ayilimaza kancane impilo yezitshalo. Khetha amanzi emvula, amanzi acwebile, noma amanzi anganyakazi noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.
- Izinguquko zesiziniIzinhlobo eziningi zilungisa inani lamahlamvu ngokuya ngokukhanya kwendawo kanye nomswakama. Vumela isitshalo ukuthi sivumelane nezinguquko ezincane ekuniseleni nasekuvundiseni.
- Ukulimala ngokomzimba noma ingcindezi yokufakelwa kabushaNgemva kokunyakaza, ukuthena, noma ukutshala kabusha, amanye amaqabunga angase aphuzi futhi awe. Gcina ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile futhi ugweme ukuchelela ngokweqile ngalezi zikhathi.
Ungawavimba kanjani amaqabunga aphuzi ezitshalweni zasendlini
- Lungisa ukunisela kuye ngohlobo, inkathi, kanye nohlobo lwe-substrate. Njalo hlola umswakama ngaphambi kokunisela.
- Inikeza ileveli yokukhanya efanele, ukugwema kokubili ubumnyama nokuchayeka ngokuqondile kwezinhlobo ezithambile.
- Vundisa njalo ngomanyolo olinganiselayo, ehlola isimo se-substrate nobukhulu bebhodwe.
- Khetha i-substrate yekhwalithi nge-drainage enhle nesakhiwo se-spongy.
- Gada ukubukeka kwezinambuzane futhi welaphe noma yiziphi izinkinga ze-phytosanitary ngokushesha.
- Gcina umswakama wemvelo ilungele izinhlobo ezishisayo.
- Gwema okusalungiswa kanye noshintsho olungazelelwe endaweni.
- Qaphela njalo ukubona izinguquko kusenesikhathi futhi ukwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.
Qonda Kungani izitshalo zasendlini zinamaqabunga aphuzi? kudinga indlela ebanzi: ukuhlaziya ukuchelela, ukukhanyisa, imisoco, indawo ezungezile, kanye nempilo yesitshalo iyonke. Ukubuka njalo nokulungiswa kokunakekelwa kubalulekile ekugcineni izitshalo zakho ziphilile, ziluhlaza, futhi zizinhle unyaka wonke. Khumbula ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo eziyingqayizivele, ngakho ukufunda ngezidingo zabo ezithile kuzohlala kuyisiqinisekiso esingcono kakhulu sempumelelo. Lapho ungabaza, buyekeza zonke izici ezichazwe futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka; uzobona ukuthi izitshalo zakho zizophinde zibukeke zigcwele impilo nombala.
