Imbali ye-eguzkilore, nokubukeka kwayo okungaqondakali kanye nencazelo ejulile engokomfanekiso, ithatha indawo ehloniphekile esikweni lesiBasque. Engxenyeni ephakathi kwemvelo kanye nezinganekwane, lesi sihlabane esiyingqayizivele sedluliselwe amakhulu eminyaka ezindabeni, amasiko, futhi, kunjalo, ekuhlobiseni izindlu zamapulazi e-Basque Country nakwezinye izifunda ezisenyakatho yeSpain. Uma uke wadabula isigodi saseBasque, ngokuqinisekile uye wakhangwa yile "mbali yelanga" ebambelele emnyango wangaphambili wezindlu eziningi, iveza izimfihlo zokuvikela, ubuwena, nobuhle osekunamakhulu eminyaka.
Kodwa uvelaphi ngempela umlingo wayo, futhi kungani uye wasuka ekubeni yimbali yasendle waze waba yisandulela sangempela? Ngokugxila ezindabeni, izinganekwane, isayensi yezitshalo, kanye nemvelo yamasiko yabantu baseBasque, sithola umlando othakazelisayo, ogcwele izincazelo, izinganekwane, nezinkolelo ezidumile ezisaqinile namuhla.
I-Symbolism, ukusetshenziswa kanye nencazelo ye-eguzkilore ngesiko lesi-Basque
I-eguzkilore isiwuphawu olunezici eziningi ngaphakathi kwesiko lesi-Basque. Ukuba khona kwayo kudlulela ngalé kokuhlobisa okulula: imele umzabalazo phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama, isivikelo kubo bonke ububi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu nemvelo.
Ukubeka i-eguzkilore emnyango omkhulu wendlu, inqolobane noma isitebele kwakuwumkhuba ovamile emadolobheni amaningi aseBasque Country. Ngale ndlela, ikhaya lalingavikelekile kuphela ezinhlanganweni ezimbi, kodwa nasezivunguvungwini, emibani, ezifweni nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zobubi. Abelusi nabalimi babekholelwa ukuthi ibuye igade izilwane nezitshalo zabo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-eguzkilore iye yavela encazelweni yayo. Nakuba ekuqaleni yayiyi-amulet ecishe ibe ngcwele yokuvikela, namuhla Ibuye ihlotshaniswe nobunikazi babantu baseBasque, inyunyana nomhlaba kanye nokulwelwa kwezimpande zamasiko. Kwabaningi, ukuba ne-eguzkilore ekhaya kusho umyalezo wethemba nokuqina: ukukhanya kuhlala kubunqoba ubumnyama futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isiko lihlala liphila, lidlulisa umyalezo wethemba naphezu kwanoma ibuphi ubunzima.
Namuhla, ngaphezu kwembali eyomile yemvelo, kuvamile ukuthola ama-eguzkilores ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene: isikhumba, i-ceramic, izinkuni, noma izinsimbi eziyigugu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwasakazekela ebucwebeni, emfashinini, ezintweni zezipho, nasekuhlobiseni, futhi kuvamile ukunikeza imihlobiso elengayo, amacici, noma ama-brooches asesimweni sembali yelanga njengesenzo senhlanhla nesivikelo.
Izici ze-botanical ze-eguzkilore: imbali enhle njengoba imelana
I-eguzkilore isitshalo esingapheli esidlula umjikelezo weminyaka emibili: Ngonyaka wokuqala kwakheka irosette enamaqabunga ameva futhi, okwesibili, izimbali ezibonisa isihloko sembali yayo esesimweni sediski enkulu, eyisicaba.
Amaqabunga awo anameva, aluhlaza okotshani, futhi impande yawo ende, ejulile iwuvumela ukuba uphile emhlabathini onamatshe futhi ongavundile.. Ukuqhakaza ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kuka-August no-September, ngemva kwalokho isitshalo siyabuna, kodwa imbali yaso ihlala iqinile isikhathi eside, okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuhlobiseni.
Ubukhulu bembali buyahlukahluka -ingadlula amasentimitha angu-12 noma angu-15 ububanzi- futhi inesikhungo esagolide esizungezwe ama-bracts amhlophe noma asiliva avuleka kuphela lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga, isenzakalo esiqinise uphawu lwaso oluhlobene nelanga nokuvikelwa.
Nakuba kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zohlobo lwe-Carlina oluthathwa njenge-eguzkilore, eziqashelwa kakhulu i-Carlina acaulis (eguzki lore luzea) kanye ne-Carlina acanthifolia (eguzki lore laburra). NgeSpanishi, inamagama ahlukene kuye ngokuthi isifunda: i-ajonjera, i-cardina, i-golden thistle, i-chameleon, phakathi kwabanye, kodwa alikho kulawa magama elikwazi ukudlulisa uphawu lwamasiko olunikezwa igama layo ngesi-Basque.
I-Basque mythology kanye nenganekwane yembali ye-eguzkilore
Alukho olunye uphawu oludumile lwesi-Basque olucwile ezinganekwaneni nasemilingweni njenge-eguzkilore. Imilando edluliselwa ngomlomo, edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, ilandisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo saba neqhaza elibalulekile kanjani njengomvikeli wamakhaya ngokumelene namandla obubi.
Ngokwezinganekwane zamaBasque, izakhamuzi zokuqala zomhlaba zazihlala ebumnyameni obuhlala njalo, zithuswe imimoya nezidalwa zasebusuku—amadragoni, abathakathi (ama-sorginak), ama-lamia, nezinye izidalwa ezimbi—ezaphuma ekujuleni komhlaba. Bephelelwe yithemba, abantu bacela usizo ku-Amalur, uMama Womhlaba, owabanikeza inyanga (Ilargi) kuqala ukuze adambise ukwesaba kwabo. Nokho, inyanga yayinganele, njengoba izidalwa ezimnyama zaziqhubeka zicathama ebusuku.
Ngokuphikelela komuntu, u-Amalur wadala ilanga (Eguzki), inkanyezi ekwazi ukuthusa lezi zidalwa phakathi nosuku. Kodwa kwakusekhona ukuvikelwa ebusuku. Umhlaba wabe usunquma ukubanikeza olunye usizo: imbali ekhanya ngendlela yokuthi ingadida abantu ababi bakholelwe ukuthi yilanga uqobo lwalo.
Ngakho-ke inganekwane ye-eguzkilore izalwa: Izakhamuzi zasezigodini zazilengisa imbali emnyango wendlu yazo ukuze zizivikele kunoma ibuphi ububi obabucathama lapho kuhwalala. Abathakathi lapho bebona imbali kwadingeka bazinikele emsebenzini oyisicefe wokubala wonke ameva ayo, bachithe isikhathi kwaze kwasa, kwadingeka bathathe umhlalaphansi. Ezinye izinguqulo zichaza ukuthi, lapho zibona imbali, lezi zidalwa zacabanga ukuthi kusesemini futhi zahamba.
I-Symbolism, ukusetshenziswa kanye nencazelo ye-eguzkilore ngesiko lesi-Basque
I-eguzkilore isiwuphawu olunezici eziningi ngaphakathi kwesiko lesi-Basque. Ukuba khona kwayo kudlulela ngalé kokuhlobisa okulula: imele umzabalazo phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama, isivikelo kubo bonke ububi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu nemvelo.
Ukubeka i-eguzkilore emnyango omkhulu wendlu, inqolobane noma isitebele kwakuwumkhuba ovamile emadolobheni amaningi aseBasque Country. Ngale ndlela, ikhaya lalingavikelekile kuphela ezinhlanganweni ezimbi, kodwa nasezivunguvungwini, emibani, ezifweni nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zobubi. Abelusi nabalimi babekholelwa ukuthi ibuye igade izilwane nezitshalo zabo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-eguzkilore iye yavela encazelweni yayo. Nakuba ekuqaleni yayiyi-amulet ecishe ibe ngcwele yokuvikela, namuhla Ibuye ihlotshaniswe nobunikazi babantu baseBasque, inyunyana nomhlaba kanye nokulwelwa kwezimpande zamasiko. Kwabaningi, ukuba ne-eguzkilore ekhaya kusho umyalezo wethemba nokuqina: ukukhanya kuhlala kubunqoba ubumnyama futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isiko lihlala liphila, lidlulisa umyalezo wethemba naphezu kwanoma ibuphi ubunzima.
Namuhla, ngaphezu kwembali eyomile yemvelo, kuvamile ukuthola ama-eguzkilores ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene: isikhumba, i-ceramic, izinkuni, noma izinsimbi eziyigugu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwasakazekela ebucwebeni, emfashinini, ezintweni zezipho, nasekuhlobiseni, futhi kuvamile ukunikeza imihlobiso elengayo, amacici, noma ama-brooches asesimweni sembali yelanga njengesenzo senhlanhla nesivikelo.
I-eguzkilore ikhula kuphi futhi kanjani ukuyibona?
Indawo yemvelo ye-eguzkilore yimithambeka enelanga nezimfunda zasenkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu. E-Peninsula yase-Iberia, itholakala ikakhulukazi e-Basque Country, eNavarre, eLa Rioja, enyakatho ye-Aragon, eBurgos naseCatalonia.
Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi engavundile, eyomile futhi enamatshe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-800. Ivamise ukutholakala emadlelweni asezintabeni, ezindaweni ezigawuliwe emahlathini nasezintabeni zemigwaqo.
Isihluthulelo sokuhlukanisa i-eguzkilore kwamanye amakhakhasi ukukhula kwayo okuphansi kuya phansi, ikhanda lembali elikhulu, elikhanyayo, namaqabunga angama-spiny, afana ne-rosette. I-silvery-white central disc ivuleka kuphela elangeni futhi, ngemva kokoma, igcina ukubukeka okumangalisayo iminyaka.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Carlina zingadideka ne-eguzkilore, kodwa umehluko wabo ubonakala ngobukhulu besiqu, ubude be-bracts nombala wabo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha izitshalo zendabuko futhi ungaqoqi izimbali zasendle ngaphandle kolwazi lobuchwepheshe.
Imbali ye-eguzkilore namuhla: amagugu, ubuciko, kanye nelukuluku
Namuhla, i-eguzkilore ayikho nje kuphela njenge-amulet, kodwa isiphenduke insiza yobuciko neyamasiko ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni lase-Basque nangale kwemingcele yayo. Isithombe sembali yelanga sisetshenziswa njenge-motif ekwakhiweni kwendabuko, izithombe eziqoshiwe zomphakathi, ama-tattoos, ama-logo enkampani, nezinto zokuhlobisa ezingenakubalwa.
Izingcweti eziningi zendawo zenza ama-eguzkilore ngesandla, ikakhulukazi ngesikhumba, insimbi, iphepha noma i-ceramic. Ezinye izitolo zezikhumbuzo namabhizinisi endaweni ahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ephefumulelwe i-eguzkilore, kodwa kunzima ukuthola izimbali ezintsha ngaphandle kwamasimu agunyaziwe ngokukhethekile.
I-eguzkilore isiphenduke isipho esivamile emishadweni, ekuzalweni, ekushintsheni kwendawo yokuhlala nakweminye imikhosi ebalulekile, njengophawu lokufisela okuhle nokuvikeleka kulowo ohlonishwayo.
Imbali ivela ezingomeni ezidumile, ezindabeni, ngisho nasegameni lemizila yokuhamba izintaba, amabha, nezindawo zokudlela, ngaleyo ndlela iba uphawu olunqamulayo lwezwe lesi-Basque. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukwenza imbali idwetshwe noma bayifake emisebenzini yobuciko yesimanje ukuze babuyisele ifa labo kanye nophawu lokulwa nobunzima.
Ezinye izakhiwo ezibaluliwe kanye ne-botanical curiosities
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwayo okungaqondakali nokuvikela, izakhiwo zokwelapha ziye zabangelwa i-eguzkilore. kusukela endulo. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, izimpande zalesi sitshalo zazisetshenziselwa ukulungisa okhilimu, uwoyela, nezinsipho ezinezimfanelo okuthiwa imithi elwa namagciwane, eqeda ukuvuvukala nezibulala amagciwane.
Ezinye izindaba zize zithi phakathi nenhlupho eyacekela phansi inhlonhlo ngesikhathi sikaCharlemagne, i-eguzkilore yayisetshenziswa njengekhambi lemvelo, yingakho igama elithi Carlina, lixhunyaniswa noCharlemagne. Nakuba kungekho bufakazi obuphelele besayensi, lesi sici siqinisa umbono wesitshalo njengozakwethu ezimeni ezinzima.
Umjikelezo wempilo ye-eguzkilore uyathakazelisa kubathandi besayensi yezitshalo.: Isitshalo sithatha iminyaka emibili ukukhula ngokugcwele futhi imbali ivela kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezifanele nezimo zokushisa. Izimpande zawo ezinde ziwunikeza amandla okumelana nesomiso nesithwathwa.
Namuhla, imikhiqizo yezimonyo etholakala ku-eguzkilore inazo zonke izitifiketi ezidingekayo zezempilo futhi yamukelwa kabanzi phakathi kwalabo abafuna amakhambi emvelo.
Ungayithola kanjani futhi ubeke i-eguzkilore
Uma ufuna ukugcina isiko le-eguzkilore ekhaya lakho, inketho esimeme kakhulu ukuthenga izimbali ezikhule ngokuzibophezela noma uphendukele ezinguqulweni ezenziwe ekhaya. Kunamabhizinisi amancane omndeni athengisa ama-eguzkilore angempela ku-inthanethi, kanye nokudalwa okwenziwe ngesikhumba, inhlaka, insimbi, noma i-ceramic, elingisa ngokwethembeka isitshalo sokuqala.
Ukufaka i-eguzkilore kulula: vele uyinamathisele ngokuqinile emnyango wakho wangaphambili usebenzisa isistimu yezidonsa ezinamandla noma izinto zokunamathisela. Kunconywa ukuthi ubuso bube bomile futhi buhlanzeke (ngisho kangcono uma buhlanzwa ngaphambilini ngotshwala ukuze kukhishwe uthuli).
Abantu abaningi namuhla bakhetha ukubeka i-eguzkilore ngaphakathi kwekhaya, bahlale beyigcina kude nemithombo yokushisa engalimaza impahla noma izinto zokunamathisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-eguzkilores esimanje ngokuvamile afika elungiselelwe ukufakwa kalula, ngaphandle kwesidingo samathuluzi.
Uma uthanda ulwazi olugcwele, ungathenga nembewu futhi ukhulise eyakho i-eguzkilore, nakuba idinga isineke kanye nolwazi oluthile lomjikelezo wempilo yayo. Lesi sitshalo sithatha okungenani iminyaka emibili ukuqhakaza futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kodwa umphumela uwufanele.
Ifa eliphilayo: i-eguzkilore phakathi kwesikhathi esedlule, esamanje nekusasa
Umlando we-eguzkilore uyabonisa Indlela uphawu lwemvelo olungaguqukela ngayo futhi luzivumelanise nezizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Kusukela ku-amulet yamaqaba kuya kusithonjana samasiko, i-eguzkilore iyaqhubeka nokuba nendawo emaphakathi empilweni kanye nenkumbulo ehlangene yezwe laseBasque.
Ngenxa yemizamo yabahlanganyeli, abadwebi, nemikhaya edlulisela isiko, imbali yelanga iyaqhubeka ikhanya eminyango, ezinhliziyweni nasemikhosini, ihlanganisa isivikelo, ithemba, nomuzwa wokuba ingxenye yezwe lapho inganekwane yayo yazalelwa khona.
I-eguzkilore ifanekisela amandla okukhanya phezu kobumnyama, ukuhlonipha amadlozi, ubuhle bokulula, nokubaluleka kokulondoloza imvelo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuzayo lapho ubona enye yalezi zimbali ezinhle emnyango wendlu yesi-Basque, uzokwazi ukuthi ziphethe okungaphezu kobuhle bokuhlobisa: zivikela umlando womlingo, amasiko, nokuqina oqhubeka ukhula futhi uchuma.