Uma ukhathele ukubona isikhunta sithatha amathreyi akho embewu, uzojabula ukwazi ukuthi kunezixazululo ezisebenzayo nezisimeme ezitholakalayo. Ngokuthile kwansuku zonke njengalokhu ubisi nesinamoni ungalungisa a isikhunta semvelo semibhede yezimbewu okunciphisa ukusabalala kwesikhunta futhi kuvimbele izinambuzane ezithile, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa amakhemikhali anokhahlo.
Kulesi sihloko uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele futhi osebenzayo: kusuka Kungani kuvela isikhunta nokuthi singavinjwa kanjani?...ngisho namaresiphi anemininingwane yasekhaya (ubisi, isinamoni kanye nenhlanganisela yawo nesoda yokubhaka) kanye amanye amakhambi emvelo kuqhathaniswa njengegalikhi, i-chamomile, i-nettle, i-horsetail, uviniga, noma i-aspirin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okulandelayo kufakiwe: izilinganiso, imvamisa yohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezincomo ezibalulekile ukuze uthole izithombo ezinempilo nezinamandla.
Isikhunta esivamile engadini nendlela yokuvimbela ukubukeka kwabo
Isikhunta sikuyo yonke indawo, sihlala nezitshalo zethu ngaphandle kokuzibonakalisa kuze kube yilapho zithola isikhathi esikahle. Lowo mzuzu uvame ukufika nawo umswakama owedlulele kanye namazinga okushisa akhuphukayoLokhu kuvamile entwasahlobo noma ngemva kwezinkathi zemvula nokunisela okungalawuleki. Emibhedeni yembewu, isimo sintekenteke kakhulu ngoba izithombo zintekenteke futhi i-substrate ihlala imanzi kunalokho okufanele ibe yikho.
Ukuvimbela ingxenye yempi enqotshiwe: lawula ukuchelela (gwema ukugcwala kwamanzi), thuthukisa ukungena komoya, futhi uqinisekise ukukhanya okuhle kwemvelo. Sebenzisa ingxube yebhodwe elikhipha kahle futhi ugweme ukwenza inkungu ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu. Hlola izitshalo njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. ngaphansi kwamaqabunga kanye nesisekelo seziquUma ubona amabala, amabala ayimpuphu, noma izindawo ezithambile, thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ngokususa amaqabunga anesifo futhi ubulale amagciwane endaweni ekhulayo.
Phakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu uzobona isikhutha esiyimpuphu (impushana emhlophe emaqabunga), i isikhutha (amabala aphuzi noma abomvu kanye nezinhlamvu ezimhlophe ngaphansi), i lungile (ikhuliswe ama-pustules awolintshi), i i-botrytis noma isikhunta esimpunga (ibola ne-mycelium empunga) kanye isikhunta sooty (impushana emnyama exhunywe noju lwezilokazane ezifana nezimpukane ezimhlophe noma izimbungulu). Emibhedeni yembewu, enye yezinkinga ezesatshwa kakhulu yile ukuwohloka noma ukubi kwesiqu esincaneokugcina ngokuklinya nokuwisa izitshalo ezisanda kuzalwa.
Umkhuba omuhle wokuvimbela isikhunta se-sooty ukuhlanza njalo ngaso insipho ye-potassium Uma kube nezinambuzane ezimunca ujusi, njengoba amazolo azishiya ngemuva athuthukisa lesi sikhunta. Ukwengeza, ukuze unciphise ingozi iyonke, sebenzisa imithi yokuvimbela ethambile ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ufafaze ngokungcono ekushoneni kwelanga noma ekuseni kakhuluukugwema ukusha amaqabunga.
Esimeni sokutheleleka okuqinisekisiwe, susa futhi ulahle izingxenye ezithintekile ngaphandle kokuzifaka umquba, futhi ukushintshanisa ukwelapha kwemvelo ngemikhuba yamasiko (umswakama omncane, umoya owengeziwe). Le nhlanganisela yezenzo, uma isetshenziswe kahle, iyini Iphula umjikelezo wempilo yesikhunta. ngempumelelo.
Ubisi lwemvelo kanye nesibulala-sikhunta sesinamoni ezitshalweni
Ubisi luyi-classic engadini ye-organic ngesizathu esihle: inikeza i-lactic acid, ama-amino acid kanye nosawoti wamaminerali (i-potassium ne-phosphates) okudala indawo engafanele yesikhunta esifana ne-powdery mildew, isikhutha, ukugqwala kanye ne-botrytis, kuyilapho sondla isitshalo njengokukhanya. Umanyolo wefoliarEkwelashweni okuvimbelayo, kusebenza izimangaliso futhi, uma isetshenziswa ngokungaguquki, iphinde isize njengesinyathelo sokulungisa ekuhlaselweni kokuqala.
I-dilution elula, enwetshiwe ihlanganisa ukuxuba Izingxenye ezi-3 zamanzi nezingxenye ezi-2 zobisiNgezinsuku ezikhanyayo kodwa ezingashisi, fafaza futhi uphinde njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngenkathi ingozi iqhubeka. Manisa kahle amaqabunga, umboze indawo engaphezulu nephansi, futhi ugweme ukumanzisa ngokweqile uma ukukhanya kwelanga kunamandla kakhulu. Emibhedeni yembewu, ezwela kakhulu, kuvame ukuzuzisa kakhulu ukufaka isifutho esilula. ekushoneni kwelanga.
Ngaleso sikhathi, isinamoni iyi-antifungal yemvelo esheshayo futhi engabizi. Ungakwazi Fafaza ungqimba oluncane lwesinamoni yomhlabathi. phezu kwe-substrate ukuvikela intamo yezithombo, noma ulungiselele isifutho nge 1 ithisipuni ilitha lamanzi futhi manzisa kancane amaqabunga ne-substrate. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama, lapho isikhunta sivela kalula.
Ungazihlanganisa kanjani zombili ngaphandle kokwenza izinto zibe nzima? Isu elilodwa elisebenzayo ukusebenzisa i ubisi oluxutshiwe njengesifutho samaqabunga Futhi, kumbhede wembewu ngokwawo, gcina isinamoni "njengesithiyo esomile" ku-substrate. Shintsha ngesifutho esithambile sesinamoni emanzini njalo nje uma imvelo ihlala inomswakama kakhulu. Le nhlanganisela ayidingi ukuxuba izithako ezimbili ebhodleleni elifanayo, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukuvala izifutho nokuqinisekisa ukumbozwa kokubili ngenhla naphansi kwesiqu.
Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela oyikhethayo, ungaguquguquki: hlola njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, susa amaqabunga awile noma atheleleke, futhi ulungise ukuchelela kanye nokukhipha umoya. Ukuze uthole ukutheleleka okuqinisekisiwe, khulisa imvamisa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala bese ubuyela esimisweni sokuvimbela samasonto amabili. Ngale ndlela, ubisi nesinamoni ziba a I-tandem elula nephumelelayo ye-seedbeds.
Ubisi olunesoda yokubhaka: i-antifungal booster ephakamisa i-pH
I-baking soda ingenye i-ally top ngoba iphakamisa i-pH yendawo eseduzeokwenza kube nobutha ekukhuleni kwefungal. Iphinde ibe nezinto ezibulala amagciwane kanye nesenzo esithile sokuphulukisa amanxeba angaphandle. Kuhlanganiswe nobisi, uthola ukulungiswa okunesenzo esimbaxambili: ukuvikelwa kwe-pH kanye nokuthuthukiswa komsoco okumaphakathi.
Indlela yokupheka ilitha kulula ukukhumbula (sebenzisa ubisi oluncibilikisiwe uma ukwazi):
- 800 ml wamanzi
- 200 ml ubisi
- 20 g baking soda
- Faka ebhodleleni lesifutho futhi qhaqhazela ngamandla ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye
Ukuze ubhekane nezindawo ezishisayo kanye nokunqamuka ngemva kwemvula, sebenzisa ekushoneni kwelanga izinsuku ezimbili zilandelana futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukumbozwa kufinyelela kokubili izindawo ezingaphezulu neziphansi zawo wonke amaqabunga. Bese, qhubeka nesicelo njalo emavikini amabili. Uma umgomo wakho kuwukuvimbela, umhlahlandlela we njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-15 Ngokuvamile kwanele ngaphansi kwezimo zobungozi ezimaphakathi.
Enye indlela esebenzayo uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa ubisi ukuxuba 1 isipuni se-baking soda ne-1 isipuni sensipho engathathi hlangothi ngelitha lamanzi. Le nhlanganisela isiza ukulungiswa ukunamathela kangcono eqabungeni futhi ihlanze ubuso. Uma ukhetha ukugcina i-calcium ne-potassium, namathela ingxube ye i-baking soda nobisiokuqinisa nokuzivikela kwemvelo.
Khumbula: fafaza ngesikhathi esipholile, ungachithisi i-substrate yethreyi lembewu, futhi ulungise imvamisa ngokuya ngokuswakama kwe-ambient. Kusetshenziswa ngobuhlakani, lokhu kulungiselelwa kuyi-a I-all-rounder enkulu ngokumelene ne-powdery mildew, i-downy mildew, i-botrytis nokugqwalafuthi igcwalisa ukuvikelwa ngesinamoni endaweni yentamo yezithombo kahle kakhulu.
Amanye ama-fungicides enziwe ekhaya asebenzayo futhi ongawashintsha
Isinamoni: impushana evikelayo kanye ne-antifungal infusion
I-Cinnamon ivelele ngayo isenzo esiqondile se-antifungalEmibhedeni yembewu, uthuli oluhle ku-substrate kusiza ukuvimbela isikhunta esingaphezulu kanye nokumanzisa. Uma isifuthwe, iyancibilika 1 ithisipuni ilitha lamanzi Ingasetshenziswa emaqabunga kanye ne-substrate. Kuyithuluzi elisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, liyashesha ukulisebenzisa, futhi lisebenza kahle ngobisi.
I-Horsetail: amaminerali aqinisa futhi avimbele
I-Horsetail inikeza i-silica namaminerali aqinisa izicubu, okwenza kube a Ukuvimbela okukhulu ngokumelene nezinhlobonhlobo zesikhuntaUngalungisa ukumnika cishe nge-1 kg kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi ukuze usetshenziswe ngokushesha, noma wenze umanyolo owuketshezi ongagcinwa izinyanga. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokumelene i-botrytis, ukugqwala, isikhutha kanye nesikhutha, phakathi kwabanye.
I-garlic: isulfure yemvelo enomphumela owengeziwe
I-garlic iqukethe ama-sulfur compounds anesenzo se-fungicidal, ngaphezu kweminye imiphumela ama-nematicides, ama-insecticides nama-antibioticsYisebenzise njenge-macerated noma njenge-infusion. Ukwenza i-macerate, hlanganisa ama-clove angu-5 (noma ikhanda elilodwa) engxenyeni yelitha lamanzi, yiyeke ihlale, ihluze, futhi ifake isicelo. Ukuze uthole ukumnika, ungasebenzisa 75g kagalikhi kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese uphinda njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngenani le 100 g ilitha ngalinye ekwelashweni kokushaqeka ngokufafaza esitshalweni.
I-Nettle: i-slurry enemisebenzi eminingi
Ubulongwe be-nettle buyinto yakudala ngenxa yezinhloso zabo ezimbili: isikhunta kanye ne-fortifierIphinde isize ezinambuzaneni ezinjenge-aphid, izimpukane, nezibungu, futhi inikeza i-nitrogen. Ukuze uyilungiselele, i-macerate I-100 g ye-nettle ilitha ngalinye cishe izinsuku eziyi-15, ugoqa nsuku zonke. Bese uhlanza 200 ml ilitha lamanzi bese ufafaza esitshalweni nasemhlabathini. Yamukelwa njenge into eyisisekelo enesenzo sesikhunta ekulimeni okuphilayo.
I-Chamomile: umngane wombhede wembewu
Itiye le-Chamomile, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwalo ku sulphur, potassium, ne-calciumIsetshenziswa emibhedeni yezimbewu ukuvimbela ukumanzisa kanye nasezitshalweni ezindala ngokumelene ne-downy mildew kanye nokugqwala. Lungiselela ukumnika nge 1 noma 2 sachets ilitha lamanzi Faka isicelo esingaxutshiwe ku-substrate namaqabunga. Ukwelashwa okumnene, okufanelekile njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ubisi olungenalutho kanye ne-bicarbonate: izindlela ezimbili ezihambisanayo
Njengoba usubonile kakade, ubisi lulodwa (ku-3:2 i-water-milk dilution) lusebenza njenge isikhunta esithambile kanye nomanyolo we-foliarNgenkathi i-bicarbonate iguqula i-pH futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwesikhunta. Ukuwashintshanisa noma ukuwahlanganisa (no-800 ml wamanzi, ama-200 ml obisi, nama-20 g we-bicarbonate ilitha) kuqinisa isu ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhemikhali okwenziwa.
Umhluzi we-Bordeaux: inketho ye-organic organic
Phakathi kwemithi yendabuko ye-organic, i Ingxube yeBordeaux Isetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ekusebenzeni kwayo ngokumelene ne-blight, canker, botrytis, kanye ne-downy mildew, ikakhulukazi ezivinini. Ilungiswa futhi ifakwe ngaphandle, futhi ifuthwe lapho kuhwalala ukugwema ukusha. Kuyithuluzi elinamandla, okufanele lisetshenziswe ngobuhlakani ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokuphatha izinto eziphilayo. Kanye nezinye izinto ezifana I-oxychloride yethusi, iyingxenye yezikhali zokubulala isikhunta ezivunyelwe ekulawuleni imvelo.
I-Aspirin: i-salicylic acid yezitshalo ze-nightshade
Nciphisa a i-aspirin ilitha lamanzi Ukufafaza kwanyanga zonke kubonakale kuwusizo ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezifana ne-Fusarium noma i-Verticillium wilt kutamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, kanye nezitshalo zikapelepele. I-salicylic acid isebenza njengendlela yokuzivikela esitshalweni futhi, uma idosiwe kahle, ingaba isengezo esizuzisayo.
Uviniga: ukulungiswa kwe-pH ngokumelene nesikhunta
Uviniga uguqula i-pH yendawo kanye ne-substrate, uvimbele ukukhula kwesikhunta. Ukuyisebenzisa, hlanza 1 isipuni ngelitha lamanzi bese ufutha izikhathi ezimbalwa ngeviki uma kunengozi. Ukwengeza, uviniga uwusizo njengesilawuli se-pH yenhlabathi nanjenge-bactericide emnene ukuze isetshenziswe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Isoda yokubhaka ngensipho engathathi hlangothi: ukuhlanza nokuvikela
Inhlanganisela ye-bicarbonate yesoda nensipho engathathi hlangothi, nge 1 isipuni ngayinye ilithaKusebenza kakhulu uma udinga ukuhlanza indawo yamaqabunga futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uvimbela isikhunta ekukhuleni. Futha, ugxile ezindaweni ezinamabala, njalo ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile futhi endaweni enomoya omuhle.
Izinqubo zokusebenza ezingcono kakhulu zokwandisa imiphumela
Noma ngabe ukhetha yiphi isikhunta semvelo, kunemithetho ejwayelekile eyenza umehluko: fafaza kusihlwa noma ekuseniVala izinhlangothi zombili zeqabunga, gwema ukumanzisa kakhulu imibhede yembewu, phinda njengendlela yokuvimbela (njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15), futhi wandise imvamisa ekuqaleni kokutheleleka. Ngemuva kwemvula noma iziphepho, kuyancomeka ukuthi... ukuqinisa izinsuku ezimbili zilandelana ekuphekeni njengobisi nge-baking soda.
Khumbula futhi lokho khipha amaqabunga anesifo masonto onke noma wehla umkhawulo wokutheleleka kabusha. Gcina i-substrate ingenisa umoya, sebenzisa iziqukathi ezihlanzekile, futhi uqinisekise ukukhanya okuhle kwemvelo endlini. Uma uhlanganisa lezi zinyathelo nokwelashwa okumnene kodwa okungaguquki, izithombo zakho nezitshalo zizokhula kahle. Bazoqhubekela phambili kakhulu.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa ubisi njengesibulala magciwane
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo zokulwa ne-antifungal, ubisi lunikeza umsoco owengeziwe osiza ukuqinisa isitshalo. Izinhlanganisela zayo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zihlanganisa i-lactic acid, ama-amino acid, nosawoti ocebile nge-potassium ne-phosphates.
- Umphumela we-Antifungal ngenxa ye-lactic acid kanye nemvelo edala phezu kweqabunga.
- Ukuqiniswa kokudla okunomsoco ngamaminerali namaprotheni adonswa ngokushesha.
- Umanyolo we-foliar omaphakathi lokho kuvuselela ukumelana nemvelo kwesitshalo.
Isetshenziswa ekuhlanjululweni okufanele futhi njalo, ubisi luba yithuluzi lokonga futhi elinobungani nemvelo, elihlanganiswa nesinamoni noma i-baking soda, linikeza. izixazululo olunzulu kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwengadi yemifino kanye nengadi yezimbali.
Nini ukukhetha ukulungiswa ngakunye
Uma uphakathi nenkathi yakho yezithombo futhi ukhathazekile ngokuswakama, khetha isinamoni ku-substrate nezifutho zobisi ezithambile. Uma usuwabona amachashaza ajwayelekile esikhunta esiyimpuphu noma isikhutha, qhubekela phambili ubisi + baking soda ekushoneni kwelanga futhi iqinise izinsuku ezimbili ezilandelanayo ngemva kwemvula.
Uma kuziwa ekuqiniseni esikhathini esimaphakathi, ukushintshanisa amasonto nge i-horsetail noma i-nettleUma kuvela isikhunta se-sooty, qala ngokususa i-honeydew bese usebenzisa imithi yokuvimbela. Futhi uma udinga ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwezihlahla zezithelo noma imivini, sebenzisa [umkhiqizo olandelayo/igama lomkhiqizo]. Ingxube yeBordeaux ngaphakathi kokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwezemvelo.
Lokhu kushintshwa kwemithi yokwelapha ngokwesimo, njalo kunomoya omuhle, ukuchelela okulungisiwe kanye nokukhanya okwanele, yikho okubonisa ukweqa kusukela “ekucimeni imililo” kuye. ukugcina isivuno esinokulinganisela nesiqinile.
Ngalo lonke ulwazi esabele ngalo, manje usunohlelo oluphelele lokuvikela izithombo nezitshalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali okwenziwa: ubisi nesinamoni njengesisekeloI-bicarbonate yesoda uma idingeka ukukhulisa i-pH, kanye nebhethri labalingani bemvelo (i-garlic, i-chamomile, i-nettle, i-horsetail, uviniga, i-aspirin, nengxube ye-Bordeaux) ukumboza zonke izimo. Uma zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele futhi ngokungaguquki, lezi zinsiza zizokuvumela ukuba wenze kanjalo Lawula isikhunta nezinambuzane ngendlela elula, eyongayo kanye nemvelo.
