El ukuhlunyelelwa ku-cactus Kuyindlela esisiza ukuba sithuthukise ukukhula nokuqhakaza kwayo. Ngoba esikwenzayo ukuhlanganisa izitshalo ezimbili ukuze zikhule futhi zichume njengento eyodwa.
Yebo, ukuze ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele kumele sazi ukuthi sibhekana kanjani nakho, futhi sizokutshela konke okufanele ukwenze.
Kungani utshala i-cactus?
Ziningi izizathu zokwenza lokho, kodwa ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Sheshisa ukukhula. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cactus zikhula kancane kakhulu, kodwa lapho zixhunyelelwa esiphunzini esinamandla, zingakhula ngokushesha.
- Thuthukisa ukuqhakaza. Kunezinhlobo ze-cactus ezithatha iminyaka eminingi ukuqhakaza, kodwa uma zixhunyelelwa esiphunzini esidala zingaqhakaza ngokushesha.
- Ukusabalalisa izinhlobo ezinzima. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cactus kunzima ukuzisakaza ngezinye izindlela, njengokusika noma imbewu, kodwa zingaxhunyelelwa ngempumelelo.
- Thola izitshalo ezimelana kakhulu. Ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-cactus esiphunzini- noma esimelana nezinambuzane kungabangela isitshalo esikwazi ukumelana nezifo.
Iyini i-cactus graft?
Njengoba sishilo, lena yindlela ekhethekile esizohlanganisa ngayo izitshalo ezimbili ezihlukene ukuze zikhule zibe yinto eyodwa.
I-graft isekelwe ku- ukuhlanganiswa kwezicubu ze-vascular zezitshalo, futhi kungenziwa ezinhlotsheni eziningi, njengaku izihlahla zezithelo.
Sinezingxenye ezimbili ezihluke ngokusobala:
- I-Rootstock. Isitshalo esihlinzeka ngezimpande kanye nesisekelo sokuxhunyelelwa. Kumele kube uhlobo olunamandla futhi oluhambisana nokuxhunyelelwa.
- I-Graft (noma i-scion). Ingxenye enamathiselwe kusiphunzi, ngokuvamile ingxenye yesiqu noma i-areole equkethe izicubu ze-meristematic (izicubu zokukhula) zesitshalo okufanele zisakazwe noma zithuthukiswe.
Isihluthulelo sokuxhunyelelwa ngempumelelo ukuzuza ukuhlangana okusondelene phakathi kwezicubu ze-cambium (ungqimba lwamaseli phakathi kwamagxolo nokhuni) lwesiphunzi kanye ne-graft. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga:
- Ukukhethwa kwezinto. Khetha isiphunzi kanye nokuxhunyelelwa okuhambisanayo, ngokohlobo nezinhlobo, futhi ezinempilo enhle futhi ekhula ngenkuthalo.
- Ukulungiselela. Khipha amathuluzi okusika amagciwane kanye nezindawo zokuxhunyelelwa ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka. Yenza ukusikeka okuhlanzekile, okunembile kuzo zombili izingxenye, uveze i-cambium.
- Inyunyana. Beka i-graft esiphunzini sempande, uqinisekise ukuthi izicubu ze-cambium zazo zombili izitshalo ziyathintana. Ukuze senze lokhu, singasebenzisa amasu okulungisa, njengama-elastic bands noma i-adhesive tape ekhethekile yama-grafts, ukuze sigcine inyunyana iqinile.
- Ukunakekelwa kwangemva kokuxhunyelelwa. Kufanele sikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele zemvelo zokuphulukisa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinyunyana, njengezinga lokushisa elifudumele, umswakama olawulwayo, nokuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile nemvula.
Izinhlobo zokuxhunyelelwa ku-cacti
Cishe usubonile ukuthi ukuxhunyelelwa akuyona into yalabo abasanda kuqala emhlabeni wezingadi kudinga ukuthi ube nolwazi oluyisisekelo.
Uma ufuna ukuzama inhlanhla yakho, enye into okufanele uyazi ukuthi kunezindlela eziningana zokuxhunyelelwa:
Ukuxhunyelelwa okumise okwe-V noma kwe-wedge
Kuhlanganisa ukwenza ukusika okumise okuka-"V" esiphunzini sempande ngenkathi kunikeza i-graft isimo se-wedge ukuze ingene ekusikeni. Isu elilungele ukuxhunyelelwa ikholamu noma i-cacti enesiqu esiwugqinsi.
Inzuzo yayo ukuthi kulula ukwenza futhi inikeza indawo enhle yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-graft kanye ne-rootstock.
Ukuxhunyelelwa okumisiwe
Ngale ndlela izindawo zokusika eziyisicaba zihlanganiswe ndawonye kuzo zombili izitshalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izicubu ze-cambium ziyathintana. Lokhu kulungele ukuxhunyelelwa i-cacti ngeziqu eziyisicaba noma eziyi-cylindrical.
Kuyindlela elula esivumela ukuthi sihlomele i-cacti yomumo ohlukene.
I-Areola Graft
I-areola equkethe izicubu ze-meristematic zesitshalo osifunayo iyakhishwa futhi ifakwe kusikwe okwenziwe esiphunzini sempande. Isetshenziselwa sabalalisa izinhlobo ezingavamile noma ezinzima ye-cacti engakhiqizi amahlumela noma imbewu.
Inzuzo yayo enkulu ukuthi ivumela izitshalo ukuba zisakazwe ngenani elincane lezicubu.
Ingxenye yokuxhunyelelwa
Kubandakanya ukusika ingxenye yesiqu esitshalweni osifunayo bese usibeka esiphunzini sempande, uqinisekise ukuthi izicubu ze-cambium ziyathintana. Le nqubo iwusizo kakhulu ekusakazeni i-cactus eneziqu ezihlukene, njengama-opuntias.
Igqamile ngoba kulula ukuyenza futhi ivumela izitshalo eziningi ukuthi zisakazwe engxenyeni eyodwa.
Ukuxhunyelelwa komqhele
Ukwenza lokhu, ukusikeka okuningana kwenziwa eduze kwesiqu se-rootstock futhi kufakwe ama-graft amise okwe-wedge. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi udale izitshalo ezinama-graft amaningi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene.
Inzuzo esiyitholayo ukuthi singakwazi ukuhlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene esitshalweni esisodwa.
Amathiphu Wokuxhunyelelwa Ngempumelelo I-Cactus
Kunamasu amaningana ongakhetha kuwo, kodwa noma ngabe iyiphi oyisebenzisayo, ukulandela lawa macebiso kuzokusiza ube nethuba elingcono lokuphumelela:
Ukuhlela nokulungiselela
- Khetha isikhathi esifanele. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuxhunyelelwa i-cacti ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo (entwasahlobo nasehlobo).
- Khetha izitshalo ezinempilo. Kokubili isiphunzi kanye ne-graft kumele kube nempilo futhi kungabi nezifo noma izinambuzane. Khetha isiphunzi esinamandla esihambisana ne-graft. Cwaninga ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihambisanayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yokuxhunyelelwa.
- Qoqa amathuluzi adingekayo. Uzodinga ummese obukhali, ohlanzekile, utshwala obuhlikihlwayo, amagilavu, amabhande enjoloba noma itheyipu ekhethekile yokuxhunyelelwa, kanye nama-hormone okungenzeka ukuthi uwaxube.
- Lungisa isiphunzi. Uma isiphunzi siside kakhulu, ungasisika izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuxhunyelelwa ukuze silulame. Qiniseka ukuthi inezimpande ezinempilo futhi inamanzi amaningi.
Inqubo yokuxhunyelelwa ku-cactus
- Disinfect amathuluzi. Hlanza ummese ngotshwala ngaphambi nangemva kokusika ngakunye ukuze uvimbele ukusakazeka kwezifo.
- Sika isiphunzi. Yenza ukusika okuhlanzekile, okuvundlile esiphunzini sempande, ngenhla nje kwendawo ofuna ukuxhunyelelwa kuyo.
- Lungiselela ukuxhunyelelwa. Sika ingxenye yesiqu noma i-areola esitshalweni ofuna ukusixhunyelelwa. Uma uzoxhunyelelwa ingxenye, qiniseka ukuthi ine-areola okungenani eyodwa.
- Joyina izingxenye. Beka i-graft phezu kwesiphunzi sempande, uqinisekise ukuthi izicubu ze-cambium (ungqimba oluluhlaza ngaphansi nje kwamagxolo) zazo zombili izitshalo ziyathintana.
- Lungisa igraft. Sebenzisa amabhande okunwebeka noma itheyiphu yokuxhunyelelwa ekhethekile ukuze ubambe izingxenye ezimbili ndawonye ngokuqinile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ungaqinisi kakhulu ukuze ungalimazi izitshalo.
Ukunakekelwa ngemuva
- Ivikela ukuxhunyelelwa. Beka isitshalo esixhunyelelwe endaweni efudumele nekhanyayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Gwema ukuchelela isitshalo izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze uvumele ukuxhunyelelwa kuphole.
- Gada ukuphulukiswa. Hlola i-graft njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi azikho izimpawu zokubola noma ukutheleleka. Uma ubona okuthile okuxakile, susa ingxenye ethintekile bese ugcoba isibulala-sikhunta.
- Susa ukulungiswa. Uma i-graft isipholile (imvamisa phakathi kweviki elilodwa kuya kwamabili), susa ngokucophelela amabhande okunwebeka noma itheyipu.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-cacti kuwumsebenzi obucayi odinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa okukhethekile, kodwa uma kwenziwa kahle umphumela uba muhle kakhulu. Ingabe uyalokotha ukukuzama?