Ezinyangeni zakamuva, ukuba khona okukhulu kwe umiyane wohlobo lweCulex Sekuyindaba ebuhlungu kakhulu ezinkulungwaneni zezakhamuzi ezihlala eduze kwamadamu namapaki asemadolobheni. Nakuba lesi sinambuzane singenalo udumo olufana nolwabanye omiyane abadlulisela izifo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, ukutholakala kwaso kuphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke yemindeni eminingi futhi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngesimo semvelo sezindawo ezithile.
Ezindaweni eziseduze nezindawo zamanzi eziwohlokile, izakhamuzi zichaza ukuthi amanzi angempela izixuku zomiyane ngesikhathi sokuhlwa...kuze kube yilapho bezizwa bevaleleke emakhaya abo ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye kwatholakala ukwanda okuphawulekayo komiyane baseCulex emadolobheni anamapaki kanye namachibi amancane asemadolobheni, okuphoqa iziphathimandla ukuthi zisebenzise imikhankaso yokubulala ukhula kanye nokunikeza ulwazi ukuze zizame ukunqanda ukutheleleka.
Uyini umiyane i-Culex futhi uvame ukuvela kuphi?
Umiyane we-Culex ungomunye wemiyane omiyane abavame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni eziseduze nedolobhaIjwayela kahle kokubili amanzi ahlanzekile kanye namanzi angcolile, okwenza kube isivakashi esivamile emadamini, emiseleni, emachibini okunisela, emachibini anganakekelwa kahle noma ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezimile eduze kwamakhaya namapulazi emfuyo.
Iziphathimandla zezempilo zigcizelele kaningi ukuthi, ngokungafani Aedes aegyptiLolu hlobo lomiyane aluhlotshaniswa, ezimweni ezifana neMexico noma iYurophu, nokudluliswa kwezifo ezifana ne-dengue, i-Zika, noma i-chikungunya. Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi ukuba khona kwalo okukhulu akunakwa: ukulunywa kwalo kubangela ama-hives, ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba kwendawo, kanye nokucasukaFuthi isimo siba sicasula kakhulu lapho inani lomiyane liphezulu kakhulu.
Lesi sinambuzane sisebenzisa noma iyiphi indawo lapho sithola khona amanzi amile kanye nezitshalo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukuntuleka kokuhlanzeka kanye nokuhlanzekaAmadamu agcwele i-hyacinth yamanzi, imisele enemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, noma izindawo eziluhlaza ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele zakha indawo efanele yokuzalela ukuze inani lezilwane zaseCulex liqhume futhi ligcine lithinte yonke indawo.
Umthelela wezinhlupho zeCulex emiphakathini
Kwamanye amadolobha aseduze nezindawo ezinkulu zamanzi, izakhamuzi zichaza izigcawu ezikhumbuza ukuhlasela: njengoba kusondela ukuhlwa, kuvela omiyane amafu amancane akha ama-eddies Zindiza phezu kwezihlahla zingene emagcekeni, emigwaqweni nasemakhaya. Imindeni eminingi ikhetha ukungaphumi ngaphandle ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngoba inani lezinambuzane emoyeni lenza kube nzima ukuba ngaphandle.
Omama nobaba balandisa ukuthi Izingane ziyeke ukudlala emgwaqweni Ngoba zigcina zigcwele ukulunywa, ukukhwehlela, ukucasuka, kanye nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile. Izincazelo zikhuluma "ngendawo eshisayo" yomiyane ezungeze izindlu namapaki, lapho ngisho nokuvula umlomo wakho noma ifasitela kuba yingozi yokuthi izinambuzane eziningi zingene ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Lesi sifo asigcini nje ngokuthinta abantu: kuphinde kwabonakala umthelela onamandla ku- izilwane ezifuywayo nezasemapulaziniOnogwaja, izinkukhu, izimvu, namahhashi bahlushwa ukulunywa nokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, kanti abanye bagcina befa ngezimbangela ezahlukene, okwenza isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu lapho izinsalela zabo ziphelela emanzini angcolile kakade.
Okwamanje, abanikazi bezitolo namabhizinisi amancane ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu bathi kudingeke ukuthi nciphisa amahora okuvula noma uvale ebusukuAmakhasimende ayagwema ukuphuma emakhaya awo lapho inani lomiyane liphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinkinga zempilo, ukungakhululeki okuvamile, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kudala umuzwa okhulayo wokulahlwa phakathi kwezakhamuzi, ezifuna izixazululo ezivela ezikhulwini ezifanele.
Izimpendulo zomakhelwane kanye nengcindezi yomphakathi lapho kubhekene nobhubhane
Ibhekene nesimo esihlale iminyaka eminingi, imiphakathi eminingi ihlele imibhikisho kanye nemihlangano ukufuna ukungenelela kweziphathimandla. Izakhamuzi zihlobanisa ngokusobala ukwanda komiyane i-Culex nokuwohloka kwemvelo kwamachibi aseduze kanye namachibi, ikakhulukazi lapho i-water hyacinth kanye nemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kuye kwavunyelwa ukuthi kuqongelelane kungalawulwa.
Kwezinye izindawo, izakhamuzi sezize zafinyelela ezingeni lokuthi ngena ezakhiweni zedamu Ukuze baveze ukunganeliseki kwabo futhi bafune ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo eziyisisekelo, hhayi nje ukuhlanza okuhlukile okunciphisa inkinga izinsuku ezimbalwa. Umuzwa ojwayelekile uwukuthi izinyathelo ezithathiwe kuze kube manje azizange zibhekane nomsuka wokutheleleka.
Ingxenye enkulu yobufakazi obuqoqwe ikhomba ku- ukwanda kwamuva kobuningi bomiyaneLokhu kukhulisa ukukhathazeka ngezingozi zempilo ezingaba khona zesikhathi esimaphakathi neside. Nakuba omiyane baseCulex bengahlotshaniswa nezifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane kulezi zimo, ukuba khona njalo kokulunywa, ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba, kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula kubantu abasengozini kuyakhathaza ngokuqondakalayo.
Njengoba bebhekene nokuntuleka kwemiphumela ebonakalayo, abanye abahlali baze bacabangele nezinyathelo eziqine kakhulu, njengokuvulwa ngenkani kwamasango ezikhukhula. ukukhipha izinqwaba ezinkulu ze-lily yamanziLolu hlobo losongo lubonisa izinga lokukhungatheka eliqongelelwe emiphakathini ezizwa inganakwa futhi ephila nalolu bhubhane nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokubona intuthuko enkulu.
Yini iziphathimandla eziyenzayo ngomiyane waseCulex?
Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni nezendawo ziqalise izinhlelo ezahlukene zokuzama buyisela izimo zemvelo ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu ukunciphisa inani lomiyane. Endabeni yamadamu anama-water hyacinth amaningi, kumenyezelwe izinhlelo zokuhlanzeka nokuvuselela ezihlanganisa ukubulala ukhula, ukususa izimila ezihlaselayo, kanye nokwelashwa kwemfucuza ebangelwa yilokhu.
Esinye sezinyathelo ezibonakala kakhulu yi- ukubulala ukhula emigwaqweni, emakhaya, emabhizinisini nasezindaweni zomphakathiKusetshenziswa imishini yokushisa kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane egunyaziwe, lesi senzo sihlose ukunciphisa inani lomiyane abadala ezindaweni ezizungezile kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi okwesikhashana kubantu, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zomsebenzi wezinambuzane ophakeme.
Ukuze kuqedwe umjikelezo wokuphila komiyane emanzini, kuhlelwe ukungenelela nge amadroni, izikebhe kanye nemishini esindayo Lezi zinyathelo zizovumela ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokwelapha i-water hyacinth kanye nokususwa kweminye ye-biomass eqongelelwe. Umgomo ukunciphisa indawo engaphezulu embozwe yizitshalo ezintantayo, enikeza indawo yokukhosela kanye nezimo ezifanelekile zokuzalanisa omiyane baseCulex.
Izikhulu zokuphathwa kwamanzi zichaze ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zisekelwe ku- umsebenzi wesayensi kanye nokweluleka amanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo zocwaningoUkuze kuklanywe isu elihlala njalo futhi kungagcini nje ngezenzo ezizimele, kumenyezelwe ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyizigidi eziningi ekwelashweni, emishinini, nasemishinini emisha, ngenhloso yokunciphisa ukungcola nokusebenzisa i-water hyacinth esusiwe esikhundleni sokuyithumela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.
Okwamanje, emadolobheni lapho kutholakale khona omiyane abaningi baseCulex eduze kwamapaki asemadolobheni nasemadamini amancane, imikhandlu yedolobha isebenzisana nohulumeni bezifunda. ukulawulwa kwe-vector kanye nemikhankaso yolwazi lomphakathiKugcizelelwa kakhulu ukuthi lo miyane, kulezo zindawo ezithile, awuhlobene nokudluliswa kwe-dengue, i-Zika noma i-chikungunya, ukuze kugwenywe ukwethuka okungadingekile, kodwa isidingo sokubambisana emizamweni yokuvimbela siyagcizelelwa.
Imvelaphi yenkinga endaweni: i-water hyacinth, amanzi amile kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi
Izithombe zesathelayithi kanye nezifundo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zigcizelele ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yamadamu athile itholakala imbozwe yizimbali zamanziLesi sitshalo esihlaselayo sikhula ngokushesha emanzini anamazinga aphezulu wezakhamzimba nezinto eziphilayo. Kwezinye izindawo zokugcina amanzi, lolu hlobo lungamboza amakhulu amahektha, okudala ikhaphethi eluhlaza evimbela ukujikeleza kwamanzi futhi iphazamise imvelo.
Leli khaphethi lezitshalo ezintantayo aligcini nje ngokwenza kube nzima ukusetshenziswa kwedamu lokuzijabulisa noma elikhiqizayo, kodwa futhi lithanda ukubukeka izindawo ezinomoya-mpilo ophansi kanye nokuqongelela kwemfucuzaLokhu kudala indawo efanele yokuzalela umiyane we-Culex. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ukugeleza kwamanzi okwenziwa ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulima, kanye nezinsalela zezilwane ezigcina emanzini, okwenza ukungcola kube kubi nakakhulu.
Ochwepheshe kanye neziphathimandla bayavuma ukuthi ukuhlasela umiyane kuphela ngaphandle kokwenza lutho endaweni ezungezile Kuyisixazululo sesikhashana. Uma imithombo yokungcola, izakhamzimba eziningi, kanye nokusabalala kwe-water hyacinth kuqhubeka, inkinga izovame ukuvela njalo ngesizini, okuphoqa ukuqhuma okuphindaphindiwe kanye nezinyathelo eziphuthumayo unyaka nonyaka.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinhlelo zokuvuselela ezibaluleke kakhulu azihlanganisi nje kuphela ukususwa kwe-iris ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi kanye nokulawula ukuchitheka kwamanzi ezifinyelela emadamini. Lena indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu, kodwa ihlose ukunciphisa izimo ezivumela ukukhula okukhulu komiyane esikhathini eside.
Izincomo eziyisisekelo kubantu
Njengoba izinhlelo zokuhlanzeka ziqhubeka, iziphathimandla zezempilo zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba izakhamuzi zisebenzise izinyathelo zokuvimbela empilweni yansuku zonkeUmgomo ukunciphisa izindawo zokuzalela komiyane i-Culex emakhaya nasezindaweni ezizungezile, futhi, kuncishiswe ukuchayeka ekulunyweni, ikakhulukazi kubantu abazwela kakhulu.
Esinye sezincomo ezivame kakhulu singafingqwa esu “Geza, mboza, phendula bese ulahla”Kugxilwe ekulawuleni amanzi amile: ukugeza nokuxubha amathangi noma amabhakede lapho kugcinwa khona amanzi, ukumboza izitsha, ukujika izitsha ezingasetshenziswanga nokulahla izinto ezingaqoqa amanzi emvula ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ngaphakathi kwezindlu namabhizinisi, kuyalulekwa ukufaka amanetha omiyane eminyango nasemafasiteleni, ukutshala izitshalo zokuxosha omiyaneLungisa noma yimiphi imifantu noma imifantu lapho izinambuzane zingangena khona futhi ugcine umoya ohlanzekile owanele. Uma kungenzeka, ukusebenzisa amafeni noma ama-air conditioner kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi omiyane bafike kubantu.
Ukuze kuvikelwe umuntu siqu, ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa izingubo ezinemikhono emide kanye nezindwangu ezilula ezimboza ingxenye enkulu yomzimba, ikakhulukazi ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa, lapho omiyane besebenza kakhulu khona. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokuxosha izinambuzane egunyaziwe, esetshenziswa ngokwemiyalelo yephakheji, kunikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nakubantu abachitha isikhathi esiningi bengaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubaluleka Gcina ama-patio, izingadi nezindawo zomphakathi zihlanzekile futhi usebenzise izitshalo ezixosha omiyane ezinephunga elimnandiLokhu kuhlanganisa ukunqunywa kwezitshalo eziningi kanye nokususa imfucumfucu engaqoqa amanzi. Ukushintsha amanzi njalo ezitsheni zezimbali nasezitsheni zamanzi ezifuywayo nakho kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuthi zingabi yindawo yokuzalela omiyane ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka emakhaya.
Uma sibheka ndawonye, ubhubhane lomiyane iCulex oluthinta imiphakathi ehlukene luqokomisa ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi impilo yomphakathi, ukuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathiOkuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi uma izinhlelo ezinkulu zokuhlanzeka zihlanganiswa nezinyathelo zansuku zonke emakhaya nasezindaweni ezizungezile, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingcindezi yezinambuzane futhi kancane kancane kubuyiselwe izindawo zangaphandle ebezingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokuhlwa.
