uno
I-squash yasebusika iyaziwa ngokuba yimifino eguquguqukayo ngendlela emangalisayo: ihlala izinyanga ezigcinweni, imnandi isobho, isitshulu, noma izitsha ezibhakiwe, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, yengeza ukuthinta okuthandekayo ekwindla. Kodwa ukuze uwathole ngqo engadini... elimnandi, elimnandi futhi elimnandiIqhinga liqala kudala ngaphambi kokuthi uvule ihhavini: lapho unquma nini futhi kanjani.
Uma uzibuza ukuthi ungatshala nini i-squash yasebusika ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okuphezulu, nali umhlahlandlela ophelele. Ake sibheke isikhathi esiqondile sokutshala ngokwesimo sezulu, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, ukuchelela kanye nokunakekelwa kokuvundisaIndlela yokuthuthukisa impova, yimaphi amathuluzi enza umsebenzi ube lula, ngisho nendlela yokusebenzisa izimbali nezithelo ekhishini. Konke ngesitayela esisebenzayo, esingenekayo esidizayinelwe... izingadi zasekhayakungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusemaphandleni noma kuvulandi wasemadolobheni.
Ikhalenda: Ungatshala nini i-squash yasebusika ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okwengeziwe
Isihluthulelo se-squash yasebusika ekuthuthukiseni kwayo okuqukethwe ushukela okuphezulu, ukuthungwa okuqinile kanye nenyama eminyene Kudingeka baqedele umjikelezo wabo wokuphila ngezinga lokushisa elifanele, kungekho sithwathwa, nokukhanya kwelanga okuningi. Ziyizitshalo ezithanda ukushisa, njenge... i-zucchini noma ukhukhamba.
Ezimweni ezipholile ze-northern hemisphere, kuvame ukuhlwanyela u-squash wasebusika kusuka. ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehloboLokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kokuqala kukaMeyi nasekupheleni kukaJuni, njalo kulinde kuze kube yilapho ingozi yesithwathwa sekwephuzile isidlule ngokuphelele. Bheka futhi ukuthi yini Izitshalo zinconywa ngoMeyi uma uhlela ikhalenda engadini.
Njengomhlahlandlela ojwayelekile, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungahlwanyeli kuze kufike inhlabathi okungenani 15°C izinga lokushisa elizinzileInhlabathi ebandayo ibambezela ukuhluma, yenza izithombo zibe buthaka, futhi ibambezele isizini yonke, okuholela ekungabini mnandi kwezithelo noma isivuno esincane.
Umthetho omuhle wesithupha ukulinda abambalwa amasonto amabili ngemva kwesithwathwa sokugcina esibikezelwe endaweni yangakini ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ngqo emhlabathini. Uma ungaqiniseki ngalolo suku, ungabheka isevisi yesimo sezulu yesifunda sakho noma ihhovisi lezandiso lezolimo.
Ezindaweni ezinehlobo elifushane noma iziphethu ezibandayo, abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukuletha phambili inkathi yokutshala. imibhede yembewu evikelwe ekupheleni kobusikaImbewu ihluma endlini noma ku-greenhouse yasekhaya, futhi itshalwe ngaphandle lapho intwasahlobo ifika futhi inhlabathi ifudumala. Lokhu kuzinikeza amasonto ambalwa okukhula futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-squash yasebusika ivuthwe ngokugcwele ekwindla.
Ukutshala okuqondile noma umbhede wembewu: ungaqala kanjani isivuno
Ukuze uthole amathanga ebusika nge ukunambitheka okungcono, isikhumba esiqinile kanye ne-pulp ewugqinsiKubalulekile ukuthi isitshalo siqale kahle. Izindlela ezimbili zokuqala ukutshala zisebenza lapha: ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile endaweni yokugcina noma ukusetshenziswa kwemibhede yembewu.
Ukuhlwanyela okuqondile kuyindlela elula. Kuhlanganisa ukubeka imbewu lapho isitshalo sizokhula khona umjikelezo wonke, ngaphandle kokutshala. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ku ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ubusuku sebuvele bumneneKuyindlela ekhethwayo emapulazini amaningi ngoba izimpande zamathanga azikubekezeleli izinguquko kahle.
Ngokuphambene, umbhede wembewu ovikelekile, ovame ukulungiswa ngasekupheleni kwebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahloboLe ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uqale isivuno emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambili. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emathileyi noma amaseli ane-substrate ethile yesithombo, ilula futhi ikhishwe kahle, icebile ngezakhi zokondla izitshalo ngenyanga yokuqala noma inyanga nengxenye.
Lolu hlelo luwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo ngoba izithombo zikhula endlini, kungaba ngaphakathi endlini noma ku-greenhouse. Khona-ke, lapho ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile, zitshalwa kabusha, zisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo isimo sezulu esifudumele ngaphandle. Umphumela uba isitshalo esithuthuke kakhulu esingena entwasahlobo, esikwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo. izithelo ezakhiwe kahle ezinoshukela ongcono ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla.
Lapho utshala kabusha kusuka ku-seedbeds, kubalulekile ukuphatha ibhola lempande ngokucophelela, uzama ungaphuli izimpande eziwugqinsi noma ezizacileAmathanga athambile impela. Ukufakelwa kabusha okungazelelwe kungakhinyabeza ukukhula amasonto ambalwa futhi kunciphise ikhwalithi yesivuno.
Isimo sezulu kanye nezimo zenhlabathi ezinquma ukunambitheka
Isimo sezulu esikahle sokuthola isikwashi sasebusika esimnandi sisekelwe emazingeni okushisa apholile, angabikho isithwathwa, nokukhanya kwelanga okuningi. Lezi zitshalo zazisa kakhulu izinsuku ezinde, ezikhanyayo, ezivuna ukukhula kwazo. ukwakheka kukashukela kanye nokuvuthwa okuphelele kwezithelo.
Amathanga, kokubili izinhlobo zasehlobo nasebusika, zijabulela izinga lokushisa lasemini phakathi 15 kanye no-30 ºCNgaphansi kwalawa magugu ukukhula kwawo kuncipha, futhi ngaphezu kwamazinga okushisa esikhathi eside angu-30-32°C angabhekana nokucindezeleka kwamanzi kanye nokwehla kwembali, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okuphansi kanye nezithelo ezingakhuluphali kahle.
Mayelana nomhlabathi, amathanga afuna ngenkani. Zikhula kahle kakhulu emhlabathini ongenamanzi. ijulile, ivundile, inothile ngezinto eziphilayo futhi ikhanywa kahleene-pH ephakathi kwe-acidic kancane nokungathathi hlangothi. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kunomthelela omkhulu: inhlabathi exegayo, eyisiponji, nethambile ivumela izimpande ukuthi zingene kalula futhi zisebenzise amanzi nezakhamzimba.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela noma ukufakelwa kabusha, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ulungise inhlabathi ngomanyolo omningi. umquba ovuthiwe noma umquba obole kahleLokhu kuthuthukisa ukuzala, kukhulisa ukugcinwa komswakama futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, inhlanganisela ekahle ye-squash yasebusika ukuze kwakhe izithelo ezinomsoco nezihlwabusayo.
Ezimweni zezulu ezinemithombo engazinzile, umswakama owedlulele kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi athanda ukuthuthukiswa kwe isikhunta njenge powdery mildew noma i-downy mildewNgaphandle kokuthinta impilo yesitshalo, lezi zifo zinciphisa indawo engaphezulu yamaqabunga anempilo, ekhawulela i-photosynthesis futhi ibangele ukuthi isithelo siqongelele ushukela omncane. Ukugcina amahlamvu enempilo ngangokunokwenzeka kubalulekile uma ufuna amathanga amnandi ngempela.
Amathuluzi nemikhiqizo ewusizo ekukhuleni kalula
Nakuba amathanga ethathwa njengesilimo esilula ukusitshala, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuba nawo amathuluzi ayisisekelo kanye nemikhiqizo emihle ukulungisa umhlabathi, ukuhlwanyela imbewu, nokugcina izitshalo zisesimweni esiphezulu.
Ukuze kuqalwe ukulungisa inhlabathi, ifosholo eliqinile noma igeja liyakuvumela xegisa inhlabathi, qhekeza noma yimaphi amagaqa, bese uhlanganisa umquba.Insimbi engagqwali noma amamodeli ensimbi aphathwayo ngokuvamile ahlala isikhathi eside futhi amelana nomsebenzi wokulima osindayo kangcono, ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi isindayo.
Uma inhlabathi isixegisiwe, kuyasebenziseka ukusebenzisa iraki engadini Linganisa indawo engaphezulu, susa amatshe nemfucumfucu yezimpande futhi ulungise umbhede wembewu wokutshala. Amaraki ensimbi anikeza amandla amakhulu, kuyilapho amaraki epulasitiki angasindi angase akhululeke kakhudlwana emhlabathini othambile.
Uma ufuna ukulungisa kahle ibanga nokujula kokuhlwanyela, umshini wokuhlwanyela owenziwe ngesandla uyakusiza beka imbewu ekujuleni okufanayo nasesikhaleniLokhu kukhuthaza ukuhluma okufanayo futhi kuvimbela izitshalo ukuthi zincintisane kakhulu. Izingadi ezinkulu nazo zinezimbewu eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa amamodeli alula anele ingadi yasekhaya.
Mayelana nokunisela, amathanga enza kahle kakhulu ngesistimu egcina umswakama oqhubekayo ngaphandle kokugcwala kwamanzi. ukuvuza ngenkasa nge timer Ilungele ukuqondisa amanzi ngqo esisekelweni sesitshalo, ukonga amanzi nokuvimbela amaqabunga ukuba abe manzi kakhulu, ukunciphisa izinkinga zesikhunta esimweni sezulu esishisayo.
Uma ufuna ukwenza ngcono umsebenzi wakho ekhaya, lezi amathuluzi ayisisekelo namasu azokwenza impilo yakho ibe lula.
Umquba, umquba, nama-mulch ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka
Ukudla okunomsoco kungenye yezinto ezithonya kakhulu ikhwalithi ye-organoleptic ye-squash yasebusikaUkunambitheka, iphunga, ukuthungwa, nombala. Isitshalo esondlekile sikhiqiza isithelo esimnandi, esinenyama eqinile kanye nesikhumba esimelana kakhulu nokugcinwa.
Umquba owenziwe kahle ungomunye wabasizi bakho abakhulu. Ihlinzeka i-organic matter, i-macro ekhishwa kancane kanye nama-micronutrients futhi ithuthukisa impilo ye-microbial yomhlabathi, okuguqulela izitshalo ezilinganiselayo ezingenwa kakhulu izifo.
Ngaphezu komquba, ungasebenzisa umanyolo owenziwe ngokukhethekile amathanga noma imifino enezithelo, enezilinganiso zomsoco ezilungisiwe. Ngokuvamile kuyazuzisa ukuba babe a okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassiumkubalulekile ekuqhakazeni izimbali, isethi yezithelo kanye nokukhuluphaliswa kwezithelo, ngaphandle kokudebesela i-nitrogen ekuqaleni komjikelezo ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Amanye ama-fertilizer asengadini yemifino aqukethe i-calcium eyengeziwe, esiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezifana... ukubola kokuphela kwembali kwamanye ama-cucurbitsNakuba lesi sifo sivame kakhulu utamatisi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ukutholakala kwe-calcium eyanele kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana aqinile kanye nesithelo esilondolozwe kangcono.
Ukugcina umswakama futhi unciphise ukuncintisana okhula, kunconywa kakhulu ukumboza umhlabathi nge- i-organic padding noma i-mulchUtshani, izinsalela zokugunda ezomile, noma umquba ovuthiwe usebenza kahle: wehlisa ukuhwamuka, ugcina izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi uzinzile, futhi uvimbela amanzi okunisela ukuthi angachaphazeli umhlabathi emaqabunga, okusiza futhi ukunqanda ezinye isikhunta.
Ukunakekelwa kokunisela kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi
Amanzi angenye into ebalulekile uma ufuna u-squash wasebusika omnandi kakhulu. Uhlelo lokunisela olufanele lusiza isitshalo ukuthi sikhule ngendlela efanele. Izithelo ezinoju ezinenyama eqinile, ngaphandle kokunisela ukunambithekaUmgomo uwukugcina umhlabathi umanzi njalo, kodwa ungalokothi ugcwale amanzi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhluma kanye nezigaba zokuqala zokutshala, umswakama kufanele ube khona njalo. Amathanga adinga iphrofayili yenhlabathi emanzi ukuze avumele izimpande zawo ezincane ukuba zande ngaphandle kokucindezeleka. Ngokuvamile, kunconywa ukuthi uqinisekise okungenani amanzi angaba ngu-2,5 cm ngesonto, kungaba ngemvula noma ngokunisela.
Kungumqondo omuhle kakhulu ukuchelela kuqala ekuseni. Ngale ndlela, lesi sitshalo sinamanzi atholakalayo phakathi namahora ashisa kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo... vimbela amaqabunga ukuthi angahlali emanzi ubusuku bonkeLokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-fungal. Kungcono futhi ukunisela ezingeni eliphansi, ukugwema ukumanzisa amahlamvu ngokweqile.
Lapho isithelo siqala ukuvuvukala, kungcono ukugcina amanzi ahlala njalo. Ukushintsha okungazelelwe—kusuka esomiso kuye ekuniseleni ngenkasa okukhulu—kungabangela imifantu, ukukhubazeka, noma ukunambitheka okungagxili kakhuluNgasekupheleni komjikelezo, njengoba isikhumba siqina, abalimi abaningi banciphisa ukuchelela kancane ukuze bakhuthaze ukuvuthwa okugxilile.
I-mulch enhle yemvelo isiza inhlabathi ukuthi igcine umswakama ngaphandle kokudinga ukunisela njalo, ivikela izimpande ezingaphezulu-ezizwela kakhulu ukushisa okukhulu-futhi. kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamanziokuhlala kubangela izitshalo ezinempilo kanye ne-squash yasebusika eyakhiwe kangcono.
Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, izinhlangano, nempilo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo sakho se-squash sasebusika sihlala sinamandla unyaka nonyaka futhi sithela izithelo ezihlwabusayo, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo kanye nokuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo zezilwaneAkuwona umqondo omuhle njalo ukutshala amathanga endaweni eyodwa, ngoba aqeda umhlabathi futhi andise izinkinga ngezinambuzane nezifo.
Kungcono ukugwema ukutshala ama-cucurbits (amathanga, i-zucchini, ukhukhamba, amakhabe) endaweni efanayo isikhathi esithile. okungenani iminyaka emithathuEminyakeni ephakathi, izitshalo ezinamaqabunga, imidumba noma izimpande zingangeniswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe noma kulinganise umhlabathi.
Ukutshala okuhambisanayo nakho kuyathakazelisa. Izitshalo ezithile zingasiza xosha izinambuzane, uthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, noma uvikele umhlabathiIsibonelo, ezinye izitshalo zemifino zilungisa i-nitrogen emhlabathini, futhi izimbali ezithile ziheha impova enenzuzo amathanga.
I-squash yasebusika inezimpande ezinde, ezijulile, kodwa izimpande eziningi ezinhle zigxile eduze kwendawo. Yingakho beyazisa indawo enamanzi amaningi. mahhala emqhudelwaneni wokhula onamandlaLokhu kungafezwa nge-mulching enhle noma ngokususa ukhula oluthambile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukugcina isitshalo sinempilo kuwo wonke umjikelezo waso kuhumusha sibe namandla amakhulu gcwalisa izithelo, uqongelele izinqolobane, futhi uthuthukise ukunambitheka okuyinkimbinkimbiUma isitshalo singakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesize ngaphandle kwesifo esibi, umphumela uzoba ngcono etafuleni lakho.
Impova: imfihlo yesithelo esikhulu, esakheke kahle
Amathanga akhiqiza izimbali ezihlukene zesilisa nensikazi esitshalweni esisodwa, futhi ancike izinambuzane ezimpova njengezinyosi nezinye i-hymenoptera ukudlulisa impova isuka kwesinye isitshalo iye kwesinye. Uma impova impofu, izithelo zincane, zikhubazekile, noma zome futhi ziwe zisencane.
Izimbali zesilisa ziyaziwa ngoba zinazo ubude, iziqu ezincanengaphandle kweqhubu phansi kwe-calyx. Ngokuphambene, izimbali zesifazane zinokujiya okuncane ngaphansi kwembali, okuyithanga elincane elingaba khona elizokhula ngemva kokuvundiswa.
Kunezivande zezithelo lapho kunezinyosi ezimbalwa noma ngezikhathi zesimo sezulu esibi (amakhaza, umoya onamandla, imvula), lapho ukuvuthwa kwempova kungase kuhluleke. Kulezi zimo, umuntu angaphendukela ku... impova ngesandla, iqhinga elilula kakhulu elikhulisa kakhulu inani lamathanga akhiwe kahle.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbali yesilisa iyasikwa, amacembe asuswa ngokucophelela, adalule i-stamen egcwele impova Isetshenziswa njengebhulashi lokupenda "ukupenda" ingaphakathi lembali yowesifazane evulekile. Imivimbo embalwa yanele ukuqinisekisa ukuvundiswa. Kungumsebenzi ojabulisayo futhi ovame ukujabulisa abancane endlini.
Uma impova ingcono, izithelo eziningi zizosetha futhi isitshalo sinikeze amandla amaningi ukuwagcwalisa. Lokhu kuhumushela ku i-squash yasebusika enkulu, ehlukaniswe kahle enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-pulp, ilungele ukugazinga, ukwenza amakhilimu noma ukugxusha.
Izinhlobo ze-squash zasebusika nehlobo: yikuphi ongakhetha kukho
Ngaphakathi kweqembu lamathanga sithola imindeni emibili eyinhloko ngokwesikhathi sokudliwa: i I-squash yasehlobo, enesikhumba esincane futhi ivuthwa ngokusheshaFuthi i-squash yasebusika, enesikhumba esiminyene nokuphila isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela siyefana, kodwa isikhathi sokuvuna siyehluka kakhulu.
U-squash wasehlobo, njenge-zucchini, ngokuvamile ulungele ukuvunwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-45-60 Kusukela ekutshaleni. Isikhumba sazo sithambile futhi zidliwa zisencane kakhulu, ngakho azidingi isikhathi eside sokuvuthwa esitshalweni. Zilungele ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kulo lonke ihlobo.
I-squash yasebusika, njengamathanga amaningi noma izinhlobo zohlobo "zetafula", zidinga okungenani izinsuku ezingu-90-120 ukuqedela umjikelezo wabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhumba siyaqina, i-pulp iyakhukhumala futhi igxilise ushukela, futhi imbewu iqeda ukwakheka. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sasekwindla sokuqala esinzima.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele, izinhlobo ezikhula ngamandla, njengezinhlobo ezithile zamathanga, zisebenza kahle kakhulu. i-butternut noma i-moschataBathanda amazinga okushisa aphezulu inqobo nje uma bekwazi ukuthola amanzi. Ezimweni ezipholile, i-squash yasebusika yakudala nezinhlobonhlobo ezifana ne-almond noma "ushizi" squash ziyachuma.
Ezifundeni ezibandayo noma ezinehlobo elifushane, kuhle ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinomjikelezo omfushane kancane kanye nokubekezelela okuhle okubandayoezingavuthwa ngokugcwele ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Amanye amathanga amade, ohlobo lwe-Delicata, ngokwesibonelo, ajwayelana kangcono nalolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu.
Ukuvuna, ukuphulukisa nokugcina u-squash wasebusika
Isikhathi sokuvuna ekugcineni sichaza ukunambitheka kokugcina. I-squash yasebusika ifinyelela isiqongo sayo uma isihlale esitshalweni isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze uthole isisindo, uqinise isikhumba futhi ugxilise ushukelaUma ikhethwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, i-pulp izoba namanzi futhi ibe mnandi kancane.
Ngokuvamile, i-squash yasebusika ivunwa phakathi nekwindla, lapho imibala iqinaIsikhumba sizizwa siqinile lapho sicindezelwa ngozipho, futhi isiqu siqala ukoma. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ithoni yesikhumba iyashintsha ukusuka kokuluhlaza okufiphele ukuya ekubeni osawolintshi ogqamile noma i-ocher.
Ukuze uzinqume, sebenzisa ummese obukhali noma isikelo bese ushiya isiqephu sesiqu esingamasentimitha ambalwa ubude enamathiselwe esithelweni. Akufanelekile ukuwakhipha ngoba imicu ye-peduncle ingadatshulwa noma isikhumba sonakaliswe, okusiza ukungena kwesikhunta futhi kufinyeze impilo yabo yeshalofu.
Ngemva kokuvuna, ama-squash amaningi asebusika azuza esikhathini "sokwelapha": ashiywa izinsuku ezimbalwa endaweni epholile, eyomile. yomile, ingena umoya futhi ipholileKugcine emvuleni eqondile ukuvumela isikhumba ukuba siqine ngokugcwele futhi noma yimaphi amanxeba amancane ukuze ome. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukulondolozwa kwayo okulandelayo.
Uma sezilashiwe, zingagcinwa endaweni epholile, eyomile, okungcono kakhulu uma zihamba kahle komoya. Uma zigcinwe kahle, ezinye izinhlobo zingahlala isikhathi eside inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu ngaphandle kwezinkinga...futhi nangaphezulu, ngenkathi igcina ukunambitheka nokuthungwa. Ngaphambi kokuwagcina, kuhle ukuhlanza ngobumnene indawo engaphezulu ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukungcola.
Ukukhetha usuku olufanele lokutshala, ukunakekela inhlabathi, ukulondoloza ukunisela okulinganayo, ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni, nokuqinisekisa impova enhle kuyizinyathelo ezenza umehluko phakathi kwe-squash yasebusika evamile nenye Isikhumba esiqinile, i-pulp enamakha, ubumnandi bemvelo kanye nokulondolozwa okuhle kakhulu, ilungele ukukhanyisa ikhishi kuyo yonke ikwindla ngisho nasebusika.
