La ukuzala ezihlahleni zezithelo Sekuyithuluzi elibalulekile kunoma yimuphi umlimi ofuna ukukhiqiza okuningi nangcono, ngaphandle kokuchitha amanzi noma umanyolo. Kunokuba yinto yesimanje, kuyindlela phatha ukuchelela kanye nokudla okunempilo kahle, cishe "ngokufunwayo", ukulungisa lokho umuthi okutholayo ngesikhathi ngasinye somjikelezo wawo.
Uma uhlelo luklanywe kahle, umanyolo ukhethwa kahle, futhi hlela ukuchelela kwakho ngokuhlakanipha, lo Ukuvundisa kuvumela ukwanda kwesivunoLokhu kuthuthukisa usayizi wezithelo, umbala, kanye nokuqina kwazo ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela emvelweni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenziwa ngendlela engafanele (ukuhlungwa okubi, izingxube ezingahambisani, ama-dripper abekwe kabi, njll.), izinkinga ziphakama ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukubukeza ngokucophelela wonke amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo.
Ukukhethwa kanye nomklamo wesistimu yokufakelwa kwe-fertigation
Iphrojekthi ye ukufakelwa kwezihlahla zezithelo Qala njalo ngokukhetha imishini efanele: akuyona nje into ebalulekile ngentengo yokuthenga, kodwa futhi nesikhathi sayo sokuphila, ukunakekelwa kwayo okuzoyidinga, nokuthi ingabe ifanele uhlobo lwamanzi, inhlabathi, kanye nezitshalo onazo. ukunisela ngokudonsa okulinganiselwe kahle Futhi ivikelwe, ivimbela ukuvinjelwa, isabalalisa amanzi ngokulinganayo, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamzimba zifinyelela lapho kudingeka ziye khona: endaweni yezimpande ezisebenzayo.
Ukuvuza: umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela wesistimu
La ukuhluzwa kwamanzi okunisela Leli yiphuzu elibalulekile kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokunisela ngamaconsi. Ngisho noma amanzi ebonakala ehlanzekile, cishe njalo athwala isihlabathi esicolekile, udaka, izinto eziphilayo, noma ama-mineral deposits, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, agcina evala ama-emitter. Izihlungi ze-Disc (noma i-ring) yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezivandeni zezithelo ngoba zigcina izinhlayiya ezincane kahle kakhulu futhi zigcina izinga lokugeleza elizinzile.
Zingasetshenziswa emapulazini amancane i-mesh noma izihlungi ezenziwe ngesandlaLokhu kuyonga kakhulu kodwa kudinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehla kwengcindezi. Kumapulazi aphakathi namakhulu, kuyafaneleka ukushintshela ezihlungini ezizihlanza ngokuzenzakalelayo, ezizihlanza zona uma zibona ukwehla kwengcindezi, okunciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wansuku zonke ngenkathi kugcinwa ikhwalithi yokuhlunga.
Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele okungenani uhlanganise izigaba ezimbili zokuhlungaIsigaba sokuhlunga esiyinhloko (isiphepho, i-hydrocyclone, noma isihlungi sesihlabathi) sibamba izinhlayiya eziqinile kanye nesihlabathi, kulandele isigaba sesibili esinesihlungi sediski noma se-fine mesh se-sediment encane. Izinga lokuhlunga lihlala lilungiswa ngokwekhwalithi yamanzi yangempela kanye nobubanzi be-emitters ezizosetshenziswa.
Amavalvu, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kanye nokuphepha
Ukuze lesi sakhiwo sikwazi ukuphathwa kahle, le ndawo ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: imikhakha yokunisela noma amabhlogoNgayinye ilawulwa yivalvu ezimele. Ekhanda lesistimu, kumele kufakwe isilawuli sokucindezela ukuze kugcinwe ingcindezi esebenza kahle (ngokuvamile phakathi kwebha eli-1 neli-2 ekuniseleni ngamaconsi), kanye namageyiji okucindezela abekwe ngendlela efanele ukuthola ukwehla kwengcindezi okungase kubonise ukuvuza noma ukuvaleka.
Ngaphezu kokulawula ingcindezi, kubalulekile ukufaka ama-valve omoya kanye nama-valve okukhipha ezindaweni eziphakeme neziphansi zenethiwekhi. Lezi zingxenye zisiza ekuhlanzeni umoya, zivimbele ukushaqeka kwamanzi, futhi zinciphise ukushaqeka kwamaphampu, zandise isikhathi sazo sokuphila. Ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo, ingxenye ngayinye ngokuvamile ine-valve ye-solenoid exhunywe kuhlelo oluphakathi noma isilawuli.
Into eyodwa engasoze yalahleka yilokhu amavalvu angabuyi emgqeni wokujova umsebenzi wayo ukuvimbela ukubuyela kwesisombululo sezakhamzimba emthonjeni, echibini noma kunethiwekhi evamile, ukugwema ukungcoliswa umanyolo noma ama-asidi.
Ama-emitter kanye nokuhlelwa kwama-dripper ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo
Ukukhethwa kwama-emitter kusekelwe esilinganisweni sokugeleza esidingekayo yisihlahla ngasinye, uhlobo lomhlabathi, ubude bemigqa, kanye nokwehla komhlaba. Ezihlahleni zezithelo eziphakathi nendawo noma ezinkulu, kuvame kakhulu ukubeka ama-dripper amaningana angu-4 L/h ngesitshalo ngasinyeisatshalaliswe ngendandatho ngaphansi kompheme, ukuze isigaxa esimanzi simboze kahle indawo lapho izimpande ezincane zikhona. Ezimweni eziningi, ukubeka umanyolo emgqeni Kwenza umehluko ekumuncweni nasekusebenzeni kahle.
Ezindaweni ezinemithambeka emide noma amagatsha amade kakhulu, okulandelayo kunconywa kakhulu: ama-drippers azikhokhelayoLawa mapayipi ayakwazi ukugcina izinga lokugeleza elifanayo ngisho noma ingcindezi ishintshashintsha epayipini. Lesi sici siyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izihlahla ekuqaleni nasekupheleni komugqa zithola inani elifanayo lamanzi nezakhamzimba.
Enhlabathini enesihlabathi noma ezihlahleni zezithelo ezinezimpande ezingajulile, njenge-blueberries, ama-raspberry, noma ama-blackberry, kungcono ukubeka ama-emitter aqhele kancane esiqwiniphakathi kuka-20 no-30 cm, bese kancane kancane uzikhiphele ngaphandle njengoba ububanzi bomphetho bukhula. Ngale ndlela, ukuchelela nokufaka umquba kusetshenziswa ngqo lapho kunezimpande ezimunca kakhulu, ukugwema ukuthintana ngqo nesiqu futhi kuncishiswe izinkinga zezifo.
Amaphampu kamanyolo kanye nomjovo
Ukuze lonke uhlelo lusebenze kahle, kubalulekile usayizi ofanele wephampu yokuniselaKungakhathaliseki ukuthi kucwiliswe emanzini noma kufakwe phezu komhlaba, kuyadingeka ukubala izinga lokugeleza eliphezulu elidingekayo (isamba sazo zonke izigaba ezinganiselwa ngasikhathi sinye) kanye nengcindezi edingekayo ukuze kunqotshwe ukulahlekelwa yingcindezi kumapayipi, izihlungi, kanye nokufakwa. Amaphampu e-centrifugal yiwona avame kakhulu, futhi uma isabelomali sivuma, avame ukubhangqwa ne-variable frequency drive (VFD) ethuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokuvumelanisa izinga lokugeleza nesidingo sangempela.
Ngokuphathelene nokufakwa komanyolo, ekufakweni komanyolo kusetshenziswa kakhulu Izixubi ze-Venturi namaphampu okulinganisaAma-injector e-Venturi asebenzisa umehluko wokucindezela engxenyeni encane yepayipi ukuze adonse umanyolo ethangini; alula, ashibhile, futhi aqinile, yize elinganiselwe kancane lapho kudingeka ukunemba okuphezulu noma imithamo ephezulu. amaphampu okulinganisa Ziyindlela evamile yokukhetha ezindaweni zobungcweti lapho kuphathwa khona amathangi amaningana ezakhamzimba.
I-Las amaphampu okulinganisa i-diaphragm noma i-piston Lezi zinhloko zephampu ezithuthukisiwe zivumela ukulawulwa kwemithamo okunembile kakhulu, zingahlelwa ukuthi zifake izixazululo zesitoko ezahlukene, futhi ziyisinqumo esijwayelekile ekufakweni kochwepheshe okuphatha amathangi amaningi ezakhamzimba (i-calcium nitrate, i-phosphates, i-potassium, izakhamzimba ezincane, ama-acids, njll.). Zihlanganisa nezinhlelo zokunyakaza kwamathangi kanye nokulinganiswa kwe-pH kanye nokusetshenziswa kukagesi (EC) okuku-inthanethi.
Ukuphathwa kwezolimo kwamanzi nezakhamzimba ezihlahleni zezithelo
Impumelelo ye- ukuvundiswa kwezitshalo ezihlahleni zezithelo ze-pome, itshe noma amajikijolo Kuncike kokubili kwikhwalithi yemishini kanye nesu lokunisela kanye nokufaka umquba. Ukufaka nje "okuncane kwakho konke" unyaka wonke akwanele: ukusetshenziswa kumele kulungiswe ngokwezidingo zangempela zesitshalo, uhlobo lomhlabathi, kanye nesimo sezulu, kusetshenziswa idatha eqondile (ukuhlaziya, izinzwa, izilinganiso zamanzi) kanye nokubukeza isheduli njengoba isizini iqhubeka.
Izidingo zamanzi kanye nokuhlelwa kokunisela
Isisekelo sokuchaza ukunisela yi- ukuhwamuka kwezitshalo (ETc)Okusho ukuthi, amanzi alahleka yinhlabathi kanye nesitshalo ngokuhwamuka kanye nokuvuvukala. Kubalwa kusukela ku-reference evapotranspiration (ET0) kanye ne-crop coefficient (Kc) ethize kuhlobo ngalunye kanye nesigaba se-phenological. Kulokhu kumele kwengezwe amandla okugcina amanzi enhlabathini, okusitshela ukuthi iphrofayili yezimpande ingagcina amanzi angakanani angasetshenziswa.
Amajikijolo, ikakhulukazi ama-blueberry, anezimpande ezingajulile futhi azwela kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwamanzi kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi. Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukugcina amandla amanzi enhlabathini nxazonke. -10 kPaEmpeleni, lokhu kuholela ekuniseleni okufushane, okuvamile okugcina umswakama wokuqala ongu-40-60 cm, ngaphandle kokugcwalisa izikhala.
Ukwesekwa kwe ama-probe omswakama, ama-tensiometer noma izinzwa ze-capacitive Kuwusizo kakhulu ekulungiseni imvamisa kanye nobude bokunisela. Izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ukuthi uma ukunisela kusekelwe olwazini lwangempela lomhlabathi kunokuba "kungengenxa yenjwayelo," ukonga amanzi okungaba ngu-40% kungatholakala ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo noma ikhwalithi.
Ibhalansi yokudla okunempilo kanye nezindlela zokukhipha
Ukuzala kuhloswe ngakho ukuhlinzeka ngezakhamzimba ngendlela... kuhlukaniswe phakathi nomjikelezoUkulandela ijika lokumunca eliqondene nesitshalo ngasinye. Kuma-blueberry, isibonelo, izidingo ze-nitrogen zigxila entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngemithamo yonyaka evame ukuba phakathi kuka-60 no-150 kg N/ha, kuye ngokukhiqizwa kanye nokuzala kwenhlabathi.
Lesi sihlahla sezithelo siphathwa kahle kakhulu nge imithombo ye-ammonia ye-nitrogen (njengaye i-ammonium sulfate) ekuqaleni kokuhluma kwamahlumela. Njengoba izithelo ziqala ukuhluma kanye nokusondela kokugcwalisa, ukutholakala kwe-nitrogen encibilikayo kuyancishiswa futhi potaziyamuLokhu kubalulekile ukuze kufinyelelwe usayizi omuhle, okuqukethwe ushukela, kanye nokuqina. Kuwumkhuba ovamile ukunciphisa cishe ngokuphelele i-nitrogen amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yangemva kokuvunwa.
Emasimini noma ezindaweni zokukhulisa izitshalo ezincane, ukuzala kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ababhalisile bekhava Ekupheleni kokungalali ebusika, faka cishe ama-30-40 kg/ha we-N ne-P ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunamandla. Ngemva kokuvuna, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukukhulisa ukudla okunempilo. i-nitrogen ne-potassium (20-30 kg/ha ngayinye) ukuze kugcwaliswe kabusha izihlahla ezigciniwe futhi kulungiselelwe isihlahla umjikelezo olandelayo.
Kuzo zonke izimo kubalulekile ukusekela uhlelo lwababhalisile nge ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi namaqabunga ngezikhathi ezithileLokhu kuhlaziya kuvumela ukulungisa imithamo, ukuthola ukuntuleka okufihliwe noma ukweqisa kwezinto ezithile, kanye nokulungisa kahle izingxube zomanyolo ezisetshenziswa ekhanda lokunisela.
Ukuvunda kwezitshalo esimweni sezulu saseMedithera
Izindawo ze- Isimo sezulu saseMedithera Zibonisa iphethini ekhethekile kakhulu: ihlobo elishisayo nelomile, ubusika obuthambile, obunemvula, kanye neziphethu eziguquguqukayo kanye nekwindla. Lokhu kuhambisana nezinkathi zonyaka kudinga ukulungiswa kokubili izinhlelo zokunisela kanye nokufaka umanyolo ukuze kusetshenziswe kakhulu amanzi emvula futhi kuncishiswe ukulahleka ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi.
Ukulungiswa kokunisela kwesizini
Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, isidingo samanzi siphezulu kakhulu, sibangelwa imisebe yelanga ephezulu kanye namazinga okushisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunisela njalo kuyinto evamile ukuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingagcwali amanzi. ukucindezeleka kwamanzi phakathi kokuniselaukulungisa isikhathi sokufaka isicelo ukuze kugwenywe ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Ekwindla nasebusika, imvula ingagcwalisa ngisho neningi lezidingo zamanzi. Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukukala noma ukulinganisa imvula ewusizo ngokunembile (ukusebenzisa amageyiji emvula kanye nokulinganisela kwamanzi) ukunciphisa okokufaka kokunisela. Ukugcina ukunisela kuqhubeka lapho iphrofayili yenhlabathi isivele igcwele kukhuthaza ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba futhi kumelela ukuchitha amanzi namandla okungadingekile.
Ingozi yokuphuma kwezakhamzimba
Ngesikhathi semvula enamandla, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini elula noma ethambekele, kunengozi enkulu yokuthi ukulahlekelwa yi-nitrogen kanye ne-potassium kuya ezingqimbeni ezijulile. Ukuze kuncishiswe le nkinga, kunconywa ukuhlukanisa ukusetshenziswa, ugweme ukufaka imithamo emikhulu yomanyolo oncibilika kakhulu ngaphambi nje kwesiphepho, futhi ugxilise izakhamzimba eziningi ezinyangeni ezomile, lapho isitshalo singazimunca khona.
Ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesimo sezulu, idatha yomswakama wenhlabathi, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokukhishwa okugcwele noma isixazululo senhlabathi ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo nini futhi kungakanani umanyolo okufanele ufakweLokhu kufeza ukunisela okuphumelelayo ezindaweni zaseMedithera, kwandisa amanzi asetshenziswa yisitshalo futhi kunciphisa ukulahleka okubangelwa ukugeleza kwamanzi noma ukugeleza okujulile.
Ubuchwepheshe bamanje kanye nokufakelwa okulinganayo
Intuthuko eminyakeni yamuva nje iguqule izinhloko eziningi zokunisela zaba yiqiniso izikhungo zokulawula ukuvuvukalaNamuhla kungenzeka ukuphatha imikhakha eminingi, amathangi amaningana kamanyolo, ithangi le-asidi, amaphampu, izihlungi ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa i-pH ne-EC ezivela kusilawuli esisodwa, konke kungahlelwa ngesikhathi, ivolumu noma ngisho nangokusekelwe ezinzwa kanye nedatha yesimo sezulu.
Izilawuli ezizenzakalelayo, izinzwa kanye nokunisela okuhlakaniphile
Izilawuli zesimanje zikuvumela ukuthi uchaze izinhlelo zokunisela eziguquguqukayo kakhuluUkunisela kungahlelwa ngomzuzu, nge-cubic meter esetshenziswayo, futhi kungenziwa uma umswakama wenhlabathi uwela ngaphansi komkhawulo othile noma ngokusekelwe emisebeni yelanga eqongelelwe. Ezinye izinhlelo zifaka phakathi ama-alamu, amarekhodi omlando, ukuxhumana kwe-PC noma kwe-GSM, futhi kungaqashwa kusuka kudivayisi yeselula.
Lokhu kungaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwe izinzwa zomhlabathi nesimo sezulu Ixhunywe kumapulatifomu e-IoT, ama-volumetric probe, ama-tensiometer, kanye nezinzwa ze-EC zesisombululo senhlabathi ziqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi mangakanani amanzi asele endaweni yezimpande, okuvimbela kokubili isomiso kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Idatha yesimo sezulu (izinga lokushisa, umoya, imisebe, i-ET0) ihlanganiswe ukuze kulungiswe isheduli cishe ngokushesha.
Ukufakwa kwe-fertigation kanye nokulawulwa okulinganiselwe yi-EC kanye ne-pH
Ikholi ukuvuthwa okulinganiselwe Kuthatha isinyathelo esengeziwe futhi kulungisa umthamo womanyolo ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamanzi okunisela ageleza ngepayipi. Empeleni, ama-injector noma amaphampu amaningi asetshenziswa ukulinganisa kusuka kumathangi ahlukene esisombululo sesitoko (isibonelo, izinto eziqinile ezincibilikayo zeTecnoplus noma umanyolo owuketshezi njengeFertigota), futhi uhlelo lubala ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi kufanele lufake malini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Kulolu hlobo lokuphatha, akusadingeki ukushintsha umanyolo kuzo zonke izigaba zesitshalo; okwenziwayo shintsha iphesenti lomjovo wethangi ngalinye kanye nenani lokuqhuba ugesi okuqondiwe. Umlimi ubeka i-EC ekuqondiwe yamanzi avundisiwe, okuzoba yisamba se-EC samanzi okunisela uqobo kanye nalawo anikezwa umanyolo, bese imishini ilungisa umthamo ngesikhathi sangempela.
I-pH ilungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo yi- isilawuli se-pH esine-acid reservoirinjector kanye ne-probe. Ukugcina i-pH yamanzi isendaweni engaba ngu-5,5-6,6 kuthuthukisa ukuncibilika kwezakhamzimba eziningi futhi kuvimbela imvula emapayipini nasema-dripper, kanye nokukhuthaza ukumuncwa yizimpande.
Izinhlobo zomanyolo wokufaka umanyolo kanye nezingxube
Ekukhulelweni, ukugxila okuyinhloko ku- umanyolo we-NPK oncibilikayoLawa ma-fertilizer asekelwe ku-nitrogen (N), i-phosphorus (P), kanye ne-potassium (K), futhi angafaka ne-calcium, i-magnesium, kanye nezakhamzimba ezincane. Avame kakhulu ekuqaleni komjikelezo wezitshalo noma ngesikhathi sokukhula okuphezulu, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezentengiselwano zinikeza izinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla zezithelo, i-citrus, izihlahla zomnqumo, kanye nemifino. Isibonelo sefomula ye-NPK yezentengiselwano eyenzelwe ukuzala... I-Nitrophoska.
Umanyolo oqinile wekristalu kanye noketshezi
I-Los umquba oqinile oncibilikayo noma ocwebezelayo Zincibilikiswa ezitsheni ukuze kulungiselelwe izixazululo zesitoko ezihlanganisiwe. Ngokuvamile zethulwa njengefomula ezimbili (ezinezakhamzimba ezimbili) noma njengezixazululo ze-NPK eziphelele, ezivame ukucebiswa ngama-micronutrients ukuze zimboze ukuntuleka okuyinhloko. Kunezinhlobo ezingenayo i-chloride, izinhlobo ezine-calcium, i-magnesium, noma i-nitrogen ekhishwa kancane.
I-Los umanyolo owuketshezi Zenziwe kakade zixutshwe, okwenza kube lula ukulungiselela izixazululo zesitoko futhi kusheshiswe umsebenzi ekhanda lokulawula. Zingaba futhi yi-binary noma i-NPK ephelele futhi, njengeziqinile, zikhethwa ngokwezidingo zesitshalo, ikhwalithi yamanzi, kanye nokuhambisana neminye imikhiqizo.
Ukuhambisana, i-pH kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi
Uma uxuba umanyolo ohlukene emathangini, kufanele uqaphele nge ukusabela okungafuneki kwe-physicochemicalIzinto ezifana nokuqina kwamanzi, okuqukethwe yi-bicarbonate, i-pH, izinga lokushisa, noma ukwakheka komanyolo ngokwawo kungabangela ukuminyana okuzogcina kuvimbe izihlungi nama-dripper.
Iphutha elivamile ukuxuba ethangini elifanayo i-calcium nitrate ene-sulfate noma i-phosphatesI-calcium iyasabela futhi yakhe usawoti ongancibiliki kahle ohlala phansi noma ngaphakathi kwamapayipi. Isixazululo sihilela ukuhlukanisa le mikhiqizo ibe ngamathangi ahlukene bese uyijova ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngesikhathi sokunisela, noma ukusebenzisa amafomula aklanyelwe ngqo ukuthi ahambisane.
Ukuze kulungiswe umthamo, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukulungiselela inani elincane lesisombululo sezakhamzimba kanye Hlola i-EC kanye ne-pH ngemitha elinganisiwe. Ngale ndlela, siqinisekisa ukuthi lokho esikubalile ephepheni kufana neqiniso futhi singalungisa imithamo ngaphambi kokufaka ingxube ohlelweni lonke.
Izinzuzo zokufakelwa kwezitshalo kanye nokusimama kwazo
Uma iklanywe futhi iphathwa kahle, ukuzala ezihlahleni zezithelo Inikeza izinzuzo ezicacile kunokufaka umanyolo wesisekelo noma we-topdressing wendabuko. Inzuzo eyinhloko yikhono lokunikeza umuthi lokho okudingayo, ngesikhathi esikudinga ngaso, ukugwema ukweqisa kanye nokuntuleka, kanye nokusebenzisa amanzi kanye nomanyolo ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu.
Ngokufaka izakhamzimba ngokunisela, Ukusatshalaliswa kulo lonke icebo kuyafana kakhulu.Izindawo ezivundisiwe ngokweqile nezingenazo izakhamzimba ziyanyamalala, futhi ukuncintisana kokhula kuyancishiswa ngoba umanyolo ugxilile eduze komugqa wesihlahla kunokuba udlulele phezulu. Lokhu kuthuthukisa nokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, njengoba indawo emanzi ezungeze i-emitter ngayinye igxila ezimpandeni ezincane ezisebenzayo.
Ngokombono wezemvelo, ukufakelwa kwe-fertigation kusiza ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwama-nitrate namanye ama-ion Ngokugxila ezingqimbeni ezijulile kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kunciphisa ingozi yokugcwala kwamanzi amaningi futhi kunciphise ukugcwala kosawoti enhlabathini okuqhubekayo. Ezindaweni ezomile nezingenamanzi amaningi, lapho amanzi ewumthombo obalulekile khona, lezi zinhlelo zingabangela ukonga okukhulu komthamo osetshenziswayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yisivuno.
Ukulungiselela ebusika kanye nokufaka umanyolo ezitshalweni ezinezinkuni
Isikhathi sokungalali ebusika siyithuba elihle kakhulu Lungisa izihlahla zezithelo kanye nohlelo lokunisela sibheke phambili esizini elandelayo. Ngisho noma umuthi "ulele" ngaphezu komhlabathi, izinqubo ziyaqhubeka zenzeka ngaphansi komhlabathi, futhi kuyalulekwa ukuthi ulungiselele konke ngaphambi kokuhluma kwamahlumela.
Ukuthena, ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kanye nokugcinwa kwesistimu
Ukuthena ebusika ukuze kuqeqeshwe futhi kuhlanzwe kuvumela susa amagatsha omile noma anesifoLokhu kuthuthukisa isakhiwo sophahla futhi kwenza kube lula ukungena kokukhanya nomoya ngokulinganayo. Lokhu kuphumela ekusakazweni okungcono kokunisela kanye nomanyolo, njengoba izitshalo zikhula zilinganisele kakhudlwana.
Ngaphambi kokuchaza uhlelo lokubhalisa, kunconywa kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali enhlabathini Ukuze kutholakale izinga lezakhamzimba ezitholakalayo, i-pH, usawoti, kanye nezinye izilinganiso ezibalulekile. Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, kuklanywa isu lokufaka umanyolo elihambisana nesitshalo, izimpande, kanye nohlobo.
Ubusika futhi yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokubuyekeza ngokuphelele inethiwekhi yekhanda lokunisela kanye nepayipiUkuhlanza izihlungi, ukuhlola ama-valve e-solenoid, ukubona ukuvuza, ukufaka ama-dripper awonakele, kanye nemigqa yokuhlanza. Uhlelo olunakekelwe kahle luqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanayo kwamanzi kanye nomanyolo.
Ukufakwa kwe izinto eziphilayo (umquba noma umquba) Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isakhiwo senhlabathi siyathuthuka, amandla okugcina amanzi kanye nezakhamzimba ayanda, futhi kuhambisana kahle kakhulu nokuvundiswa kwenhlabathi. Kwezinye izimo, umquba otholakala engxenyeni eqinile ye-slurry uyasetshenziswa, usetshenziswa endaweni ngaphansi komugqa wesihlahla.
Ukuvundisa emgqeni wesihlahla uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvundisa kwakudala
Kwezinye izitshalo ezinezinkuni, njengezihlahla zamapentshisi ezingaphansi komhlaba owomile noma izimo zokunisela ezilinganiselwe, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ubhalisele umugqa wesihlahla Ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-NPK oyinkimbinkimbi (isibonelo, amafomula angu-14-xx-xx) emgqeni wokutshala phakathi nobusika, ukusebenzisa izinga lomswakama lomhlabathi ukuze kufakwe kahle, kungaletha imiphumela ethokozisayo kakhulu.
Izivivinyo zokuqhathanisa zikhombisile ukuthi, yize inani eliphelele lezakhamzimba lifana necebo elisekelwe ekuvundeni ngesikhathi somjikelezo, ukukhulelwa ngomugqa kungenza khulisa amandla, ubude bokudubula kanye nokukhiqiza Uma kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ezindaweni ezinomlando wokukhula kancane, lo mehluko uye wabonakala ngisho kusetshenziswa izithombe zesathelayithi, okubonisa amandla amakhulu okutshala.
Amaphutha avamile kanye nezincomo ezisebenzayo ekufakweni kwe-fertigation
Uhlelo lwe ukufakelwa kwesisu okuphethwe kabi Uhlelo oluklanywe kahle lungabangela izinkinga eziningi njengoba lunikeza izinzuzo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwasensimini kuhlonze uchungechunge lwamaphutha aphindaphindayo okufanele akhunjulwe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukubekwa kwama-emitter kanye nokuphathwa kwe-wet bulb
Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu ukufaka ama-dripper ngendlela engafanele. eduze kakhulu nesiquIningi lezimpande ezincane kanye nezinwele zezimpande zigxile eduze komphetho wekhanophi, hhayi eduze kwesiqu. Ngakho-ke, ukumanzisa njalo isisekelo sesihlahla akugcini nje ngokungasebenzi kahle kodwa futhi kwandisa ingozi yokubola komqhele.
Isincomo esijwayelekile ukuhlela abakhiphi abakha indandatho Irediyasi kufanele ibe cishe ngokubonakala kwekhanophi phansi, ikhule njengoba isihlahla sikhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukuhlola indawo yama-drippers njalo ngesizini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awangcwatshwanga emfucumfucwini yezitshalo noma kude kakhulu nendawo lapho izimpande ezisebenzayo zikhona khona.
Ukunisela okungahleliwe kahle ngezikhathi ezithile kanye namanzi amaningi
Elinye iphutha elivamile ukushintshana ukunisela isikhathi eside kakhulu kanye nezikhathi zesomiso esipheleleLe ndlela "yokuma nokuma" ibangela ukucindezeleka kwamanzi, ukuwa kwezithelo, ukuncipha kokufana, futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulimala kwesistimu yezimpande. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukunisela okuvamile nokufushane, ukugcina isibani sisezingeni lomswakama elizinzile.
Ukunisela ngokweqile isikhathi eside nakho kubangela izinkinga: ukuminyana kwezimpande ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, amaqabunga aphuzi, ukubola kwezimpande, kanye nokuncipha kwamandla esihlahla. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle ukungena kwenhlabathi kanye namandla okukhipha amanzi ngokuhlolwa kwensimu encane futhi usebenzise idatha yenzwa ukulungisa izikhathi zokunisela nokugwema ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Ukwehluleka kokuhlunga nokufaka umanyolo okunganele
Ukufaka uhlelo lokunisela ngamaconsi ngaphandle kohlelo lwe- ukuhlunga okwanele Lokhu kuyisiqinisekiso sezinkinga esikhathini esimaphakathi. Ngisho namanzi angaphansi komhlaba abonakala ehlanzekile aqukethe izinhlayiya ezincane nosawoti okungabangela ukwakheka kwezikali ngaphakathi kwama-dripper. Ukulinganisa kahle inhlanganisela ye-cyclone-sand-disc noma i-mesh ngokwekhwalithi yamanzi kubaluleke njengokukhetha ama-dripper ngokwawo.
Esigabeni sokukhulelwa, ungalingisi amamitha okuqhuba ugesi e-pH kanye ne-electric Ukusetshenziswa njalo kuholela emaphutheni okulinganisa: ugcina usebenzisa umanyolo ongaphezulu noma ongaphansi kunalokho obekuhlosiwe. Umkhuba omuhle ukuhlola imishini ngezixazululo ezijwayelekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ulungiselele ingxube eyaziwayo esitsheni esihlukile ukuze ubone ukuthi amanani asekelwe kulokho okucatshangwayo nalinganisiwe ayahambisana yini.
La ukuzala ezihlahleni zezithelo Ihlanganisa ukunisela, ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nokulawulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwesitshalo ohlelweni olulodwa. Uma ukwakheka okuhle kwe-hydraulic, ukukhetha umanyolo ofanele, ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwe-pH kanye ne-EC, kanye nohlelo oluqhutshwa idatha (umhlabathi, izitshalo, kanye nesimo sezulu) kuhlanganiswa, umphumela uba izihlahla ezilinganiselayo, izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi nezakhamzimba okuphumelelayo kakhulu—into ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi indawo yokukhiqiza.
