Ubhanana ungesinye sezithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezidliwa futhi ezitshalwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, lapho izimo zilungele ukukhula kwayo. Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizohlola yonke into oyidingayo ukuze usungule, unakekele, futhi uthuthukise isivuno sikabhanana, uqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo nokuqhubekayo.
Kusukela ekukhethweni komhlaba kuya ekuvuneni nasekukhangiseni, sizofaka zonke izici ezibalulekile zenqubo. Ukwengeza, sizohlaziya izinambuzane nezifo ezivame kakhulu ezingathinta isitshalo nokuthi zingaphathwa kanjani ngendlela efanele, siqinisekise izithelo zekhwalithi ephezulu ezimakethe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zikabhanana kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwazo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zikabhanana, ngayinye enezici ezithile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngokuvamile, zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- Ubhanana for dessert: Lezi yilezo ezidliwa ziluhlaza ngenxa yokunambitheka kwazo okumnandi nokuthambile. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zalolu hlobo kukhona i-Cavendish, i-Blue Java ne-Lady Finger.
- Ubhanana wokupheka: Asetshenziswa ekuphekeni ngoba ukwakheka kwawo kuqinile futhi aqukethe amazinga aphezulu esitashi. Izibonelo zalezi zinhlobo zihlanganisa isitshalo kanye nobomvu baseCuba.
Izimo Zezulu nomhlaba
Izinga lokushisa nokukhanya
Ubhanana ukhula kahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aqala ukusuka 26°C no-30°C. Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-15°C angabambezela ukukhula kwawo, kuyilapho ukushisa okukhulu kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga okungenani Amahora angu-8 okukhanya kwelanga nsuku zonke ukuze uthuthuke kahle.
Umswakamo kanye Nemvula
Isivuno sikabhanana sidinga umswakama njalo kanye nemvula evamile, efinyelela phakathi 120 kuya ku-150 mm wemvula yanyanga zonke. Uma amanzi eshoda, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokunisela olwanele, uma kubhekwa lokho ezinye izitshalo zidinga amanzi engeziwe.
Uhlobo Lomhlabathi
Inhlabathi ekahle inokwakheka isihlabathi esiqinile noma i-clayey loam, enamanzi amahle kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo. I-pH efanele yokukhula kukabhanana iphakathi I-4.5 ne-8, nakuba inani eliphelele litholakala ku 6.5.
Ukulungiswa Komhlaba Nokutshala
Ukukhetha Umhlaba
Kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efinyeleleka kahle imithombo yamanzi kanye nemizila yezokuthutha. Kunconywa indawo eyehlelayo ukuze kube lula ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Ukulungiswa Kwenhlabathi
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, lokhu okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe: umsebenzi wokulima nokulinganisa ukuze kuqedwe ukhula futhi kuqinisekiswe inhlabathi evulekile, engenawo umoya.
Ibanga lokutshala
Ukuminyana kokutshala kuyehluka kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo kanye nohlelo lokukhiqiza. Kuhlelo olujulile, zingatshalwa phakathi Izitshalo eziyi-1,500 nezi-2,000 ehektheleni ngalinye. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lokulima, ungathintana nezincomo zethu ku umehluko phakathi kwe-plantain ne-banana.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezitshalo Nokunakekela
Umanyolo
Ubhanana udinga a ukukhulelwa okulinganiselayo nengxenye eyanele ye-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo wemvelo ofana nomquba noma umanyolo obole kahle.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kumele kuqinisekise a umswakama owanele ngaphandle kokukhukhula inhlabathi. Amasistimu wokunisela ngamaconsi yiwona anconywa kakhulu, njengoba enza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
Ukuthena kanye Nokudubula
Kumele kwenziwe ukuthenwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukususa amaqabunga omile nanesifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ubhanana une-pseudostem engazinzile, kuyadingeka ukubeka kubakaki ukuvimbela izitshalo ukuthi zingawi.
Ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ingquza emnyama kanye nama-nematodes, kuyilapho izifo eziyingozi kakhulu i-black sigatoka kanye nesifo sasePanama. Kunconywa ukuqapha njalo ukutshala nokufaka isicelo izindlela zokuvimbela. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezinkinga ezivamile ekulinyweni kukabhanana, ungabheka isihloko sethu kushiswe amahlamvu ezihlahleni zikabhanana.
Ukuvuna Nokumaketha
Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivuthwe ngokugcwele. Izixha kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukulimala. Ubhanana ube usuwashwa, uhlungwe bese upakishwa ukuze usakazwe ezimakethe zezwe nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukutshala ubhanana ezindaweni ezishisayo kuyinqubo edinga ukunakwa kwemininingwane kuzo zonke izigaba. Kusukela ekukhethweni komhlaba kuya ekuvuneni, zonke izinqumo zithinta ikhwalithi nokukhiqiza kwesilimo. Ngemikhuba emihle yezolimo, ukuchelela kahle kanye nokulawula izinambuzane ngendlela efanele, kungenzeka ukuthola izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi wandise isivuno sokutshala.
