Ukuguqula izinsalela zasekhishini nezengadi zibe umquba wekhwalithi ephezulu kulula kunalokho okubonakala futhi kunenzuzo emangalisayo ezitshalweni zakho. Ngokwenza umquba wasekhaya, wenza ingxenye yakho ukusiza imvelo. umnotho oyindilingaUnciphisa imfucuza futhi uzuze inhlabathi eyisiponji futhi evundile ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali.
Ngaphandle kokuba imfashini, ukwenza umquba wasekhaya kuwumkhuba onezinkulungwane zeminyaka zomlando manje obuya ngamandla ngenxa yokubaluleka kwawo kwezemvelo nezomnotho. Ngokufunda ukwenza umquba, uguqula imfucuza ibe yinsiza: uthola izakhi ezinomsoco ezitholakalayo kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-substrateYandisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi futhi ikhuthaza ukuphila kwenhlabathi, iphinde isize ekuvimbeleni izinambuzane.
Kuyini ukwenza umquba futhi kungani kwenziwa ekhaya?
Ukwenza umquba kuyinqubo yebhayoloji lapho amagciwane, isikhunta, nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla (okuhlanganisa Earthworms, bukela i-vermicomposting yasekhayaZibola imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo zomoya kanye nomswakama. Umphumela uba umquba: a umanyolo wemvelo futhi ozinzile okunothisa umhlabathi futhi kuwenze uqine.
Ukwenza owakho umquba kunciphisa ingxenye ye-organic egcina isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma ezishiseni, kuvimbela ukukhishwa okungcolisayo nokusiza imvelo. silwe nokuguquka kwesimo sezuluEkhaya, kusho ukonga: usebenzisa kabusha obukade ukulahla futhi wenza ngaphandle komanyolo ohwebayo.
Umquba unikeza izakhamzimba (N, P, K kanye nama-micronutrients), ukhuthaza ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya zenhlabathi, uthuthukise ukungena futhi unciphise ukugugulekaUkusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa ukuvundisa amabhodwe nezingadi, ukubuyisela inhlabathi eyonakele, futhi, ngezinga elikhulu, ngisho nokukhiqiza [okuthile]. biogas ezikhungweni ezithile.
Izinto eziluhlaza nezinsundu: ibhalansi eyenza umehluko
Ukuze inqubo ihambe kahle, udinga ukuhlanganisa amaqembu amabili wezinto zokwakha. Lezi zibizwa luhlaza (ecebile nge-nitrogen) yenza kusebenze impilo ye-microbial futhi isheshise ukubola. nsundu (ecebile ngekhabhoni) ihlinzeka ngesakhiwo, ivimbele i-caking futhi isize ukulawula umswakama.
Phakathi kwemifino, ungangeza izithelo nemifino eluhlaza okusele, izindawo zekhofi, kanye izikhwama zetiyeutshani obusanda kusikwa, amaqabunga athambile, izimbali ezibunile kanye amagobolondo amaqanda ochotshoziweZiyizinto ezimanzi ezibola ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa.
Okunsundu kuhlanganisa amaqabunga omile, utshani notshani, amagatsha amancane nama-chips, amakhadibhodi kanye nephepha elingenawo oyinki obuyi-lamination noma oyinkinga, sawdust yokhuni olungaphekiwe, amagobolondo amantongomane, ngisho amakhokhoYomile futhi ine-fibrous, igcina umquba unomoya.
Njengomthetho wesithupha, hlose ukuthola isilinganiso se Izingxenye ezi-2-3 ezinsundu ukuya ku-1 ingxenye eluhlazaEmpeleni, lokhu kuhumusha kube izendlalelo ezinsundu ezijiyile kancane kuneziluhlaza, noma ukwengeza "isandla" esihle sento eyomile eyengeziwe isikhathi ngasinye ungeza izinto ezintsha.
Yini engena emqubeni nokuthi yini engayingeni
Kukhona izinto okufanele zigwenywe ukuze kugcinwe inqubo ihlanzekile. ngaphandle kwephunga elibi Futhi akufanele izinambuzane. Akufanele zibe semgqonyeni wakho womquba. inyama, inhlanzi, amathambo, noma imikhiqizo yobisiamafutha noma amafutha, indle yezilwane ezifuywayo, izinkuni eziphekiwe, opende noma amakhemikhali, izitshalo ezigulayo, noma ukhula olunembewu evuthiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinsalela zezithelo nemifino, ikhofi netiye, amagobolondo amaqanda, amahlamvu omisiwe, iziqephu zokuthena, amasaha angakahlanzwa, ama-napkin asetshenzisiwe kanye nephepha lasekhishini (ngamadlana amancane), amakhadibhodi adabukile, amahlumela amancaneUzobona ukuthi ezinye iziqondiso zikhuluma ngamathambo ezinhlanzi noma ezinye izinsalela zezilwane; ngobuchwepheshe benza umquba, kodwa ekhaya kungcono ukushiya ngaphandle ukugwema izilwane ezingafunwa.
Inothi eliwusizo: nakuba imfucuza yezilwane ezifuywayo ingengeziwe ekuhlanganiseni komquba wasekhaya, kukhona umanyolo wemvelo onjenge i-bat guano Lezi zelashelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo futhi zinenani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco. Awaxubene namakhompiyutha asekhaya, kodwa kuhle ukwazi ukuthi akhona.
Izigaba ezi-4 zenqubo: le yindlela isitaki sakho esishintsha ngayo
Ukuguqula udoti wakho ube "igolide elimnyama" Idlula ezigabeni ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukene kanye nomsebenzi wamagciwane. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kusiza ukulungisa umoya kanye nomswakama esigabeni ngasinye kanye nokuqonda ukuthi kungani inqwaba ishisa noma iphole.
Isigaba isophilic (Izinsuku ezingu-2-3): Emazingeni okushisa aphakathi, ama-mesophilic microorganisms aqala ukubola kwezinhlanganisela ezilula. Inqwaba iba "yenza isebenze" futhi iqala ukukhiqiza ukushisa.
Isigaba i-thermophilic (amaviki angu-1-2): Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-45-60 °C, ama-microbes we-thermophilic aphula ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi njengamaprotheni namafutha. Lesi sigaba sihlanza izinto futhi sisheshisa inqubo, sithuthukise ikhwalithi yomquba wokugcina.
Isigaba se kupholisa (amasonto noma izinyanga): izinga lokushisa liyehla, izinga lokubola liyancipha, futhi izinto eziphilayo ezisebenza kancane ziyavela. Lesi yisikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwengxube.
Isigaba se ukuvuthwa (izinyanga): Ama-microorganisms asebenza kancane kumfucuza amelana kakhulu kuze kube yilapho uzinza. Kuye ngesimo sezulu, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokusingatha, lokhu kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa noma kusondele unyaka emakhazeni kakhulu nezinqwaba ezingaphenduki njalo.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: setha umgqomo wakho womquba ekhaya
Ukuthutha kokuqala ku setha umgqomo wakho womquba ekhaya Kumayelana nokukhetha indawo efanele. Funa i umthunzi oyingxenye kanye nomoya omuhle ukuvimbela okuqukethwe ukuthi kome kakhulu noma kugcwale amanzi. I-patio, ikona lengadi, noma i-balcony izosebenza uma isitsha siklanywe kahle.
I-composter yokuthengisa enesivalo izosebenza, noma ungayenza ngokwakho kusuka kuma-pallets noma ikhreyithi lezithelo eliqinile. Kubalulekile ukuthi ivumele umoya ukuthi ujikeleze futhi igcine umswakama. Uma kungenzeka, yifake ukuxhumana nomhlabathi ukwenza lula ukungena kwezikelemu kanye nama-microorganisms anenzuzo.
Ngaphambi kokwengeza udoti, beka a anezikhala zensimbi (gwema abahlaseli abanjengamagundane) bese usakaza ungqimba lwenhlabathi ecolekile engu-2-3 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qala ukushintshanisa izingqimba: impahla yokuqala ensundu (amahlumela, amaqabunga omile), bese kuba luhlaza (izinsalela zasekhishini), njalonjalo.
Gcina isilinganiso esingu-2-3:1 sivuna insundu. Vala isendlalelo ngasinye ngesendlalelo esomile ukuze uvale iphunga futhi izimpukane ezincaneNgemuva kweqoqo ngalinye, fafaza amanzi uma indawo yomile: umswakamo ofanele ufana nowe-a isipontshi esongwe kahleengaconsi.
Gwema ukuminyana kakhulu. Khulula ngemfologo noma uthi. njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-14 Ukwengeza umoya-mpilo, futhi uma ubona inqwaba iminyene noma inuka ngendlela exakile, yifake umoya kaningi. Uma kunomswakama ngokweqile, engeza okunye okunsundu; uma yomile, engeza amanzi kancane.
Ukulawula umswakama kanye nokukhipha umoya: inhliziyo yempumelelo
Ngaphandle kwamanzi nomoya-mpilo akukho manyolo we-aerobic: inqubo iyancipha noma iba yi-anaerobic bese kuvela izinambuzane iphunga elibiHlola umswakama ngesandla izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto; engeza amanzi uma impahla idilika uma yomile, futhi unxephezele okweqile ngamaqabunga namakhadibhodi aqhekeziwe lapho ulibona liconsa.
Ukungenisa umoya kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Ukuyijikisa akufani nokuyishaya. Hambisa okubalulekile kusuka emaphethelweni kuya phakathi nendawolapho amazinga okushisa aphakeme afinyelelwa khona, futhi axegise izingqimba ezihlangene ezinamathelana. Uhlelo lokuguqula lwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 luvamise ukusebenza, nakuba ezindaweni ezibandayo ungakwazi ukulibeka kumaviki ama-2.
Izinga lokushisa lizokutshela ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani: uma umongo ufudumele noma ushisa lapho uthintwa, ukubola kuyaqhubeka. Uma ingafudumali, hlola isilinganiso se okuluhlaza kanye nsundu kanye nomswakama, cishe kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, amanzi noma umoya-mpilo.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa nezimpawu zokuthi sekulungile
Uhlelo luncike ezinkambisweni zakho zokuphatha kanye nesimo sezulu. Ngezinto eziqotshiwe, ukuxuba okuhle, ukufaka umoya njalo, kanye nomswakama olungisiwe, ungafinyelela umquba osebenzisekayo [ngesikhathi esimisiwe]. Izinyanga eziyi-2 kuya kwezi-6Uma uyishiya "ngokwayo" futhi ezimweni ezibandayo, kungathatha izinyanga ezingu-6-12.
Uma umquba usuvuthiwe, awukwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto zokuqala. umbala onsundu omnyamaKufanele ibe nokuthungwa okuxekethile kanye nephunga elimnandi lehlathi elinomhlaba. Akufanele iphunga elibilisiwe noma njengodoti. Uma inephunga elibi, kungenzeka ukuthi alingeni kahle umoya noma linomswakama kakhulu.
Ezitsheni ezinde, impahla engezansi ngokuvamile ilungile ngaphambi kwempahla phezulu. Ungayivula kusuka phansi (uma umquba wakho uvumela) futhi vuna leyo ngxenyana kuphela, ivumela abanye ukuthi baqhubeke nenqubo yabo ngenhla.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani
Iphunga elinamandla: Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukugcwala kwamanzi, ukuntuleka komoya, noma uhlaza oluningi. Isixazululo: Faka umoya ebhodweni, engeza okomile okunsundu (amaqabunga, amakhadibhodi), bese ubheka ukuthi ungqimba olungaphezulu luqediwe yini. ungqimba olomile.
Ukukhula kancane: ngokuvamile akunayo i-nitrogen, ukushisa, noma ukusika. Engeza imifino eyengeziwe, amanzi uma omile. Kungcono uma izinsalela ziqotshiwe. futhi inyusa imvamisa yokujika ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa.
Izinambuzane noma izivakashi ezingafunwa: lezi zincishiswa ngokugwema imikhiqizo yezilwane nokuvala umquba ngokuqinile ngesivalo. Ukwengeza njalo ungqimba lokugcina olunsundu (amaqabunga, amakhadibhodi) kuyasiza fihla izinsalela ezintsha ayisazikhangi izinambuzane.
Umquba umanzi kakhulu: lungisa ngezinto eziningi ezinsundu ezimuncayo (utshani, amaqabunga, amakhadibhodi) kanye ukuvula isitsha ukuze kungene umoyaGwema ukuchelela ngaphandle komkhuba; qala uhlole umswakama wangempela ngesandla sakho.
Ungawusebenzisa kanjani umquba ezingadini zemifino, izingadi zezimbali nasezitsheni zezimbali
Ukulungisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, faka umquba ongu-2 kuya ku-5 cm phezu kwenhlabathi bese uhlanganisa. kuqala 10-15 cmEmabhodweni, hlanganisa cishe ingxenye eyodwa komquba nezingxenye ezi-3 ze-substrate ukuze unothe ngaphandle kokusuthisa (bona umanyolo wasekhaya wezitshalo zasebhodweni).
Njengomboza wezihlahla, sakaza u-2-5 cm uzungeze izitshalo zakho ukuze ugcine umswakama futhi uvikele inhlabathi, ushiye isisekelo sesiqu sisobala ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kwesikhunta. Ezitshalweni esezikhulile, ukufakwa okungaphezulu okulandelwa ukuchelela kuzovuselela amandla ngaphandle kwesidingo sikamanyolo wamakhemikhali (bona umanyolo wasekhaya wezitshalo zakho).
Uma uthanda ukunemba ngokwedlulele, ungalungisa "itiye lomquba" wokunisela noma ukufutha ngamahlamvu. Kuyi-a i-liquid extract elayishwe ama-microorganisms anenzuzo ogcwalisa umanyolo oqinile.
Indlela yokwenza itiye lomquba isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Sebenzisa amanzi angenayo i-chlorine ukugwema ukulimaza i-microbiology: kahle amanzi emvulaamanzi acwengekile noma ampompi ashiywe ukuze ame amahora angama-24. Faka ingxenye engu-1 yomquba ovuthiwe phakathi kwesikhwama sendwangu bese uwucwilisa emanzini ayi-10 izingxenye, uthole umquba oketshezi.
Vumela ukuthi ihlale amahora angu-24-48, ivuselela ngezikhathi ezithile. Bese, sebenzisa uketshezi emahoreni ambalwa alandelayo ukuze unisele isisekelo sezitshalo noma ufafaze amaqabunga. Uma ungakwazi ukuyifaka ngokushesha, yigcine endaweni epholile futhi Shake ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Amathiphu asebenzayo okwenza umquba osimeme
Ezinye izingqimba zemfucuza emanzi neyomile, igcina isilinganiso esingu-2-3:1 futhi ihlale iqeda ngongqimba olunsundu. Le "sandwich" ehlelekile inciphisa iphunga nezinambuzane futhi igcina umoya-mpilo ojikelezayo.
Sebenzisa umquba onesivalo ukuze uzinze izinga lokushisa nomswakama. Ventilate nge inzuzo yamasonto onke noma kabili ngevikiikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezifudumele noma uma ubona iphunga elimuncu, elibonisa ukungabi khona komoya.
Nisela kuphela uma izingqimba ezingaphezulu neziphakathi zomile. Umgomo wukuthi "isipontshi esikhishwe" uhlobo lomswakama. Uma ubona umbala ompunga ezingqimbeni zangaphakathi, ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lwe... ukoma ngokweqileFaka amanzi.
Khumbula ukuthi isisekelo esinemeshi yensimbi nomhlabathi sisiza ngokukhipha amanzi kanye nokujova ama-microorganisms. Ukusika izinto zibe izingcezu ezincane kusheshisa izinto: amagatsha amancane, amakhadibhodi adabukile, nezinsalela zasekhishini eziqotshiwe. bahamba phambili.
Lapho ingxenye engezansi isilungile (emnyama, exegayo, futhi enuka umhlaba), yisuse futhi uyeke enye igijime. Ngale ndlela uthola umquba ngaphandle kokunciphisa inqubo. umjikelezo wenguquko kusukela ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu.
Inothi lezemvelo: umthelela wangempela kudoti nesimo sezulu
Kufika ku-40% wemfucuza yasendlini ingaba yimvelo futhi ivundise. Ngokuyelapha ekhaya, uyayivimbela ukuthi ingagcini lapho ilahla khona imfucumfucu lapho ikhiqiza khona i-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla aphakeme kakhulu okufudumala kune-CO₂ (okulinganiselwa cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Amandla aphindwe ka-20 (ngezikhathi ezithile). Ibhakede ngalinye lemfucuza oliguqula libe umquba linciphisa indawo yakho yemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa komquba njengesichibiyelo senhlabathi kunciphisa ukuthembela kumanyolo wokwenziwa, kunciphisa ukuguguleka, kuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi kukhuthaze. izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zomhlabathiEmapulazini nakomasipala, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kunciphisa izindleko zokulawulwa kwemfucuza futhi kusiza ekuvuseleleni umhlaba owonakele.
Ukwenza umquba ekhaya kuhlanganisa isiko nekusasa: unciphisa imfucuza, wondle inhlabathi, futhi unakekele izitshalo zakho ngomanyolo wemvelo, ukulinganisa izinto eziluhlaza nezinsundu, ulawula umswakama nomoya-mpilo, futhi uhloniphe izikhathi zokuvuthwa. Ngemikhuba embalwa elula (ukumboza, ukuphenduka, ukushintshwa kwezingqimba, nokunisela kuphela uma kunesidingo), inqubo ihlanzekile futhi iyasebenza, futhi umphumela uba... insiza eyigugu izingadi zasemadolobheni, izingadi zezimbali namabhodwe ezimbali.
