Ingabe ufuna ukusebenzisa udoti wakho wezinto eziphilayo, kodwa ukhathazekile ngendlu yakho enuka njengokubola? Ungakhathazeki: nge imikhuba emihle yokwenza umquba Ngesitsha esifanele, kungenzeka ukudala umquba wekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwephunga elimnandi, ngisho nasefulethini elincane.
Kumongo we ukuphila okusimeme Futhi ekuzibophezeleni ku-Ajenda yango-2030 (Umgomo 12 wokusetshenziswa nokukhiqiza okunesibopho), konke ukuthinta kuyabalulekile. I-UN ixwayisa ngokuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokudla okukhiqizwa emhlabeni iphelela kudoti: lokho izigidi zamathani kanye nesamba esikhulu semali esimoshiwe. Ukuguqula lezo zinsalela zibe umquba wasekhaya Inciphisa ukumosha, yonga imali, futhi ibuyisela imisoco emhlabathini ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.
Uyini umquba futhi kungani uwenzela ekhaya?
Umquba yi- Umanyolo we-organic etholakala lapho ama-microorganisms afana nesikhunta namagciwane eguqula izinsalela zezitshalo nekhishi zibe into emnyama, exekethile, enephunga lomhlaba. Kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqizwa izikelemu (umabhebhana) kanye nefomethi yokuvutshelwa engenawo umoya (Bokashi) egqamayo ngayo izinga eliphansi kakhulu lephunga.
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, umquba inikeza izakhi ezibalulekile (N, P, K kanye nama-micronutrients), kwandisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi futhi kusebenze impilo ye-microbial enenzuzo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuwo wonke amakhilogremu ayi-100 wemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ungayithola 30 kg kamanyolo ezingasetshenziswa ezimbizeni, ezingadini nasezitshalweni.
Umquba ungavezwa ngefomu okuqinile noma ketsheziIfomu eliqinile livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxuba nenhlabathi noma njenge-mulch; uketshezi (itiye lomquba noma i-leachate ezinhlelweni ezithile) livumela a isicelo esikahle kakhulu ngokuchelela noma ngokufafaza.
Ngale kwensimu, ukwenza umquba ekhaya kuyisenzo esicacile se umnotho oyindilinga: Unciphisa imfucuza esiyithumela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu (kanye ne-methane ekhiqizwayo) futhi uzuze ukuzimela ngomanyolo othengiswayo.
Uma ukhathazekile ngamaphunga, kukhona amasu avivinywa futhi ahloliwe kanye neziqukathi ezithile ezenza inqubo yenzeke. ihlanzekile futhi ihlakaniphilengisho nasendlini.
Ukukhetha nokulungisa isitsha sokwenza umquba
Ungenza umquba wasekhaya noma uwuthenge. umquba wasekhaya Ilungele ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphakathi endlini, kungcono ukubeka phambili izinto eziklanywe kahle ezilawula ukungena komoya, ukugeleza kwamanzi, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iphunga.
Uma okubalulekile kwakho kuwukonga isikhala, kukhona ama-vermicomposters ahlangene Idizayinelwe amafulethi. Zisebenza ngendlela efanayo: umbhede wekhadibhodi, imfucumfucu yemvelo eqoshwe kahle, kanye nezikelemu ezenza umlingo wazo ngokushesha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela ye-Bokashi, ivundisa imfucuza ngaphandle komoyampilo isebenzisa... ama-microorganisms athileIwuhlelo oluhlanzeke kakhulu: ukuba yi-anaerobic, akukhiqizi ukubola, ngakho-ke cishe awekho amaphunga noma izinambuzane. Izinto eziwumphumela zibe sezingcwatshwa ukuze kuqedelwe ukuguqulwa, futhi uketshezi (ijusi yeBokashi) lusebenza njenge... umanyolo oxutshiwe futhi, engaxutshiwe, njenge-unblocker yasekhaya emapayipini.
Kunamakhyubhu e-Bokashi angaphakathi enziwe ngawo izinto ezenziwe kabushaZihlangene (cishe 35 × 24 × 25,7 cm), zilungele ukufakwa ngaphansi kwamasinki noma emakhoneni ahlakaniphile. Ezinye zihlanganisa i-activator powder kanye nompompi wokuqoqa i-leachate.
Ku-composting ye-aerobic yakudala (ngaphandle kwezikelemu), umgqomo ongangeni moya awunconywa: ama-microorganisms adinga umoya-mpiloNgakho-ke, kunemigqomo engena umoya enezivalo kanye nezihlungi zekhabhoni ezicushiwe ukuze zibambe iphunga nomiyane. Esigabeni se-premium, izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ziye zavela lokho khipha bese ukhipha umoya Basebenza ngokwabo futhi bathembisa imiphumela emahoreni ambalwa, aklanyelwe amakhishi esimanje.
Yiziphi izinto okufanele uzisebenzise futhi okufanele uzigweme
Isihluthulelo sempumelelo ukuhlanganisa "imifino" (i-nitrogen) y "browns" (carbon) ngesilinganiso esifanele ukusheshisa ukubola nokuvimbela iphunga elibi.
Izinto eziluhlaza (ezicebile nge-nitrogen)
- Izinsalela ze izithelo nemifino eluhlaza, oqotshwe kahle.
- Imigodi ye ikhofi y izikhwama zetiye (ngaphandle kwama-staples).
- Amaqanda ochotshoziwe.
- Utshani izinsalela ezisanda kusikwa neziluhlaza.
- Izikhukhula ibunile.
Lezi zinsalela zinomswakama futhi “zinamandla” kumagciwane; kuhlanganiswe ne izinto ezomile Balinganisela umswakama kanye nesakhiwo.
Izinto ezinsundu (ezicebile ngekhabhoni)
- Kushiya yomileutshani, hay.
- Amagatsha amancane, ama-splinters kanye uthuli lwesaha ngokhuni olungaphathwa.
- Iphepha nebhodi lamaphepha ngaphandle koyinki noma i-lamination, iqoshwe ibe yizicucu.
- Amagobolondo e amantongomane.
Ama-Brown ahlinzeka ngesakhiwo kanye ne-aeration, esiza ukugeleza kwe umoya-mpilo Ngafinyelela yonke inqwaba.
Isilinganiso esinconyiwe
Gcina ubudlelwano be 2-3 izingxenye brown ingxenye ngayinye yemifino. Lokhu kuhumusha kube izendlalelo ezomile ezivulekile kanye nokulawula umswakama omuhle.
Okungafanele ukwengeze
- Inyama, inhlanzi kanye nobisiZiheha izinambuzane futhi zibangele iphunga elibi.
- Amafutha namafuthaZakha izendlalelo ezingangeneli ezinciphisa ukubola.
- ubulongwe bezilwane ezifuywayoBangakwazi ukuthwala amagciwane.
- Izitshalo ezigulayo noma nezinambuzane, nokhula olunembewu ephilayo.
- Izinkuni eziphathwe, upende noma izinsalela ngamakhemikhali.
Uma ufuna umanyolo osuselwa ezilwaneni, sebenzisa imikhiqizo iphathwe ngokukhethekile okwezolimo (isb., i-guano yokuhweba), hhayi indle yasekhaya engalungiswanga.
Indlela yokwenza umquba ngaphandle kwephunga: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Isihluthulelo sokwenza umquba ongenaphunga ukuphathwa kahle kwe umswakama, the umoya-mpilo kanye nebhalansi yezinto. Ukusuka lapho, ungakhetha i-vermicomposting (enezibungu) noma Indlela ye-Bokashi.
Ukwenziwa komshini we-Vermicomposting
- Lungiselela i- umbhede wekhadibhodi noma iphepha elingaguquki ngezansi.
- Engeza olunye ungqimba lwekhadibhodi elisikiwe, eliwugqinsi elingu-4-5 cm, bese ulimanzisa ngebhodlela lesifutho.
- Faka i Earthworms kanye nezwe lokuhlala kwalo.
- Beka i- izinsalela eziphilayo ziqotshwe bese zimbozwa ngomunye ungqimba lwephepha/ikhadibhodi.
Umswakama kufanele ufane ne-a isipontshi esiphundukileUma iconsa, kunamanzi amaningi kakhulu. Njengoba besebenza, uzoqoqa ama-humus nezinto ezibalulekile "itiye lomswenya"Kusuka phansi uma okokusebenza kwakho kunompompi."
Uma unengadi, i-vermicomposter ithanda i-flowerbed noma umngcele Ifakwe kusayithi ngokwayo ukuguqula imfucuza yekhishi esizeni.
Indlela ye-Bokashi
- Hlanganisa i- imfucuza ngaphakathi kwe-cube ukukhipha umoya.
- fafaza ukuvutshelwa kwama-microorganisms (isiqalisi) kumnikelo ngamunye.
- Phinda izendlalelo zize zigcwale bese uvala isitsha.
- Ivulele Izinsuku ze-14 akuvuliwe.
- Qoqa uketshezi bese ulunciphisa 100:1 ukusetshenziswa njengomanyolo; okuqinile okuvutshiwe kuyagqitshwa noma kuhlanganiswe nomquba.
I-Bokashi ilungele phansi ngoba ukuvutshelwa kuvimbela... ukubola kanye nokuvela kwezimpukane ezincane.
Ukulawula umswakama kanye nokukhipha umoya
Ukuze uthole umquba we-aerobic, gudluza okuqukethwe njalo Izinsuku ezingama-7-10 Ukusebenzisa imfoloko noma induku, hlukanisa izindawo ezihlangene. Lungisa umswakama: engeza onsundu ngaphezulu uma kunamanzi amaningi noma fafaza uma womile.
Izinga lokushisa nomoya omncane
Inqubo idala ukushisa: lokho kuwuphawu oluhle. Isitsha esinomoya ohlanzekile izihlungi zekhabhoni Kuyasiza ukuphatha iphunga ekhishini. Ngaphandle, mane uqinisekise ukungena komoya kanye ne-drainage.
Uma inuka kabi, yilungise.
Iphunga elibi ngokuvamile livela imfucuza eyeqile (Zibola ngaphambi kokubola) noma ngenxa yomswakama omningi. Engeza izinto ezomile, ngenisa umoya, futhi uhlole ukuthi awuzifakanga yini izinto ezinqatshelwe.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa nezimpawu zokuthi sekulungile
Kuye ngesimo sezulu, ubukhulu bezingcezu, ingxube kanye ne-aeration, inqubo ithatha phakathi Izinyanga ezi-2 nezineUzokwazi ukuthi umquba uvuthiwe uma unombala onsundu omnyama, ukuthungwa komhlaba, kanye Kunuka umhlaba omanzi., ngaphandle kwezici ezibonakalayo zezinsalela zangempela.
Uma uthola iphunga elibi, cishe kukhona ukuntuleka komoyampilo noma omningi kakhulu. luhlazaLungiselela ngokunsundu nokujika. E-Bokashi, khumbula ukuthi isigaba se-cube ukuvutshelwa; ukuvuthwa kuqedwa ngemva kokuwugqiba noma ukuwuxuba nomquba.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile kanye nendlela yokuwagwema
Iphutha elivame kakhulu ukulinganisa ingxube: kuningi kakhulu luhlaza Bakhiqiza umswakama kanye nephunga; eziningi ezinsundu zehlisa ijubane ukubola.
- Umswakama ongalawulekiLungisa "isipontshi esiphundukile". I-drier, izifutho; okumanzi, kunezela ama-browns.
- Ukuntuleka komoya-mpiloGovuza njalo ukuze ugweme izindawo ezihlangene kanye nezinqubo ze-anaerobic.
- Izinto ezinganele: ayikho inyama, ubisi, amafutha, amakhemikhali noma indle yezilwane ezifuywayo.
- Izingcezu ezinkulu kakhulu: nquma noma ugaye; izingcezu ezincane zishintsha ngokushesha.
Ngalokhu kulungiswa, umquba wakho uzohlala iphunga ukugcina kude futhi uzothuthuka ngesivinini esihle.
Indlela yokusebenzisa umquba: ukusefa, ukufaka isicelo kanye nomthamo
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili
Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, faka umquba ngokusebenzisa a isisefo noma isikrini Itshekile ukuze ihlukanise izingcezu ezimahhadla, amagatsha, noma amatshe. Izingcezu ezinhle zibuyela ensimini; izingcezu ezimahhadla zibuyela enqwabeni ukuze ziqhubeke nokuvuthwa.
Usifaka nini futhi kanjani isicelo
Ngemuva kwalokho Izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kwezi-12Umquba omusha manje ungasetshenziswa njengomanyolo omnene. Qaphela: okuqukethwe kwayo kwemisoco kuya ngokuthi yini okungezile, ngakho-ke yisebenzise ngokuyiyonga.
- EngadiniSabalalisa u-2-5 cm ngaphezulu bese uxuba ne- kuqala 10-15 cm komhlabathi.
- Emabhodweni: hlanganisa ingxenye engu-1 ye-compost nezingxenye ezi-3 ze-substrate yokuhweba ukuze ugweme ukugcwala.
- Njenge-mulch: sakazeka ngo-2-5 cm nxazonke, ushiye indandatho engamboziwe eduze kwesiqu.
Uma ujwayele ukuvundisa ngemikhiqizo yohwebo, ngokuhlanganisa umquba ungakwazi ukunciphisa umthamo kwamanye ama-fertilizer cishe ama-50% (kuya ngokuthi isitshalo "sihaha" kangakanani).
Imithamo yesiqondiso
Umhlahlandlela olula uwukusebenzisa phakathi 3 kanye nama-4 amalitha womquba ngemitha yesikwele (cishe ifosholo elilodwa) enhlabathini engadini. Uma uyisebenzisa njenge-structural conditioner, yiyeke ivuthwe okungenani unyaka: izoba nemisoco embalwa kodwa i-humus ezinzile, okuthuthukisa inhlabathi esikhathini eside.
Itiye lomquba
Itiye lomquba yi-a Umanyolo oketshezi Kucebile kuma-microorganisms anenzuzo. Sebenzisa amanzi angenayo i-chlorine (amanzi acwebile, amanzi emvula, noma amanzi ampompi ashiywe ukuze ame amahora angu-24) ukugwema ukulimaza lezi zinambuzane.
- Faka 1 ingxenye yomquba ibe yi-a isikhwama sikaseyili.
- Ifake ezingxenyeni ezingu-10 zamanzi angenayo i-chlorine 24-48 amahora.
- Hlanganisa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi uyisebenzise ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuchelela noma ukufutha.
Kuma-vermicomposters anompompi, i itiye lomswenya Iqoqwa ngokuqondile futhi isetshenziswe ihlanjululwe ngokuvumelana nezincomo zomenzi.
Ukwenza umquba wasemadolobheni, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokulawulwa kwephunga
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo eSpain kuye kwaqiniswa isitsha esinsunduKuyimpoqo kusukela ngo-2024 komasipala nasemiphakathini ezimele. Ungathatha izinsalela zakho lapho noma ukhethe a umquba wasekhaya ukuvala umjikelezo ekhaya.
Ngaphakathi endlini, khetha ama-cubes angenawo umoya izihlungi zekhabhoni ezibamba iphunga futhi zigcine izinambuzane zikude. Ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo, ukususwa kanye nosizo lokungenisa umoya kwenza kube lula ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke.
Uma ukhetha i-Bokashi, unciphisa iphunga ngenxa ye- ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobicUketshezi oluphumayo, oluhlanjululwe, luwumanyolo omuhle kakhulu; engahlanganisiwe, isebenza njenge plunger ukugcina isikhathi ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo one-acidic kanye ne-microbial.
Futhi inothi elilodwa elengeziwe lapho ucwaninga noma uthenga izinto zokusebenza ku-inthanethi: izinkampani ezihlonishwayo zihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana ne ukucubungula idatha Idatha yomuntu siqu ngokuhambisana ne-GDPR futhi ixwayise mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhukhi; buyekeza lezi zinqubomgomo ukuze uphequlule ngokuzethemba.
Ukuguqula udoti wakho ube yigolide elimnyama ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngamaphunga kuyisenzo somlingo wansuku zonke. Isihluthulelo siwukulinganisela: isitsha esifanelekile, isilinganiso esihle sokubekezela, kanye nalokho kulinganisela okuphelele phakathi kokumanzi (izinto eziluhlaza) nokomile (izinto ezinsundu).
Noma iyiphi indlela oyikhethayo bokashi noma umhlaba omangalisayo we I-VermicompostUzobe uguqulela lokho okwake kwaba "imfucuza" kukho impilo ehlanzekile engadini yakhoUmjikelezo okuxhumanisa nemvelo: ugcina izitshalo zakho ziphilile, inhlabathi ivundile, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ikhaya lakho lingenazo izinkathazo kanye nonembeza ohlanzekile!
