Isihlahla sama-hazelnut yisihlahla samantongomane esingatshalwa endle nasezindaweni ezithengiswayo. Isithelo sawo, i-hazelnut, saziswa kakhulu ku-gastronomy futhi sinezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo. Ukuze uthole umkhiqizo omuhle, kubalulekile ukwazi izidingo zesihlahla nendlela yokuphatha ukutshalwa kwaso ngendlela efanele.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuze ukhulise isihlahla se-hazelnut ngendlela efanele, kusukela ekukhetheni inhlabathi efanele ukuya ekuvuneni isithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizoxoxa ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile okufanele kwenziwe unyaka wonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe izihlahla ezinempilo nezikhiqizayo.
Izimo ezikahle zokutshala ama-hazelnuts
Isihlahla se-hazelnut sivumelana nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene, kodwa sithanda izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi nezindawo ezinomswakama owanele. Ukuze ukhule kahle, kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ibe nezici ezithile:
- I-drainage enhle: Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi angaqoqi ezimpandeni zesihlahla, njengoba umswakama owedlulele ungadala izifo.
- I-pH engathathi hlangothi noma ene-acidic kancane: Izinga le-pH eliphakathi kuka-5,5 no-7 yilona elinconywa kakhulu ukuze isihlahla simunce kahle imisoco.
- Ukuthungwa okumaphakathi: Inhlabathi enobumba oluningi noma enesihlabathi ayinconywa; Okuhle wumhlabathi ovundile ogcina umswakama kahle.
- Ukucebile ku-organic matter: Okuqukethwe okwanele kwento ephilayo kuthanda ukukhula kwezimpande nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo.
Isimo sezulu nendawo enconyiwe
I-hazelnut isihlahla esichuma kakhulu ezifundeni ngaso ubusika obubandayo y ihlobo elipholile. Ukunqwabelana kwamahora abandayo kubalulekile ukuze kuqhakaze kahle futhi kuthele izithelo. ESpain, izindawo ezifanele kakhulu ukulinywa kwayo yiCatalonia, Izwe laseBasque, iNavarre, nezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga yezwe.
Isihlahla sidinga ukuchayeka kahle elangeni, nakuba sibekezelela umthunzi othile. Ezifundeni ezinehlobo elishisayo kakhulu, kuhle ukunikeza ukuchelela okwanele ukugwema ukucindezeleka kwamanzi, njengoba ungafunda kabanzi mayelana izitshalo ezidinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe.
Ukukhetha nokutshala ama-hazelnuts
Ngaphambi kokutshala isihlahla se-hazel, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele ngokusekelwe esimweni sezulu kanye nohlobo lwenhlabathi etholakalayo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- I-Negret: Kutshalwa kabanzi eSpain, ikakhulukazi eCatalonia. Ikhiqiza izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
- IBarcelona: Izinhlobonhlobo ezisabalele kakhulu ngokusebenza okuhle.
- Indandatho ka-Giffoni: Iphawuleka ngezinga layo eliphezulu embonini yokudla.
Ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe endaweni efanele ukuwa o intwasahlobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izihlahla zinendawo eyanele phakathi kwazo. Uhlaka olujwayelekile lokutshala lungamamitha angu-4 kuya ku-6 phakathi kwezihlahla ukuze kuthuthuke kahle izimpande. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ama-hazelnuts athele, ungabonisana kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthela izithelo.
Ukunisela nokuvundisa
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ekutshalweni kwe-hazelnut yi- ukuchelela. Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemvula encane. Ezitshalweni zasezweni elomile, ukukhiqiza kungathinteka, kunciphisa inani lezithelo.
Uhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lokunisela ama-hazelnut ukuchelela nge-drip, njengoba kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamanzi ngaphandle kokubangela ukugcwala kwamanzi. Kunconywa ukunisela kakhulu phakathi kukaMashi no-Agasti, okuyinkathi yokukhula kwesihlahla esikhulu kakhulu.
Ukuvundisa nakho kunendima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwezihlahla ze-hazelnut. Kunconywa ukufaka isicelo umanyolo ocebile nge-nitrogen entwasahlobo futhi izithako ze-potassium ne-phosphorus ekwindla ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo.
Ukuthenwa nokugcinwa kwezihlahla
Ukuthena kubalulekile ukugcina ukukhula kwesihlahla ngendlela efanele kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthena zingenziwa:
- Ukwakha izihlahla: Kwenziwa eminyakeni yokuqala ukubumba isihlahla nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwaso.
- Ukuthenwa kwesondlo: Kwenziwa minyaka yonke ukususa amagatsha afile noma anesifo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukungena kokukhanya.
- Ukukhiqiza izihlahla: Ivumela ukugqugquzela ukuqhakaza kwezimbali nezithelo ngokususa amagatsha angadingekile.
Ukuqhakaza kanye nempova
I-Hazelnut iwuhlobo lwe-monoecious, okusho ukuthi inezimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi esihlahleni esisodwa. Nokho, izinhlobo eziningi zidinga Impova ehlukahlukene Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi utshale izinhlobo eziningi ezihambisanayo epulazini elilodwa.
Izimbali zesilisa, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-catkin, zikhipha impova ebusika ngomoya. Izimbali zesifazane zincane futhi zibomvu ngombala. Ukuvundisa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokuvuthwa kwempova, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo kudlulele ekwindla.
Ukuvuna nokugcina ama-hazelnuts
Ama-hazelnuts alungele ukuvunwa lapho efika ekuvuthweni ekwindla. Lokhu kuyabonakala ngoba izithelo ziqala ukuwela ngokwemvelo phansi. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuvuna:
- Incwadi yezandla: Izithelo eziwile ziyaqoqwa futhi ukungcola kuyasuswa ngaphambi kokugcinwa.
- Imishini: Kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile ukunyakazisa izihlahla futhi kuqoqwe izithelo emhlabathini.
Uma esevuniwe, ama-hazelnuts kufanele ahlanzwe futhi omiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubunjwa kwesikhunta. Ukugcinwa kwayo kufanele kwenziwe endaweni yomile futhi inomoya omuhle ukugcina izinga layo.
Umbono wemakethe kanye nenzuzo
Nakuba ukutshalwa kwama-hazelnut eSpain kuye kwehla emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, isidingo somhlaba wonke sama-hazelnut siyaqhubeka sikhuphuka. I-Türkiye ne-Italy yizona ezihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni umhlaba wonke, kodwa kunethuba lemakethe labakhiqizi baseSpain, ikakhulukazi uma begxile ezinhlelweni zokulima eziqinile nezindlela zokukhiqiza ezizinzile.
Inzuzo yezitshalo incike ezintweni ezimbalwa, njengokuhlukahluka, ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi, kanye nokutholakala kwezinhlelo zokunisela. Ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, ama-hazelnuts angaba inketho ekhangayo kubalimi abafuna ukuhlukanisa izitshalo zabo.
Ukutshala ama-hazelnut kuyindlela enhle kakhulu kubo bobabili abakhiqizi abancane kanye namasimu amakhulu okuhweba. Uma kunenhlabathi efanele nesimo sezulu, kanye nokunisela ngendlela efanele, ukuthena, nokuvundisa, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ngendlela ephumelelayo nenenzuzo. Uma ucabanga ngokutshala ama-hazelnuts, ukulandela lezi zincomo kuzokusiza uzuze impumelelo, isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu.
