Utshani be-Kikuyu sebuyikhethelo elikhethwayo kulabo abafuna ukwakha utshani obuqinile, obukhula ngokushesha, futhi obunganakekeleki kahle, kokubili ezingadini ezizimele nasemapulazini emfuyo. Udumo lwayo aluyona nje into eyenzeka ngengozi: iphuma eMpumalanga Afrika futhi, ngenxa yobungqabavu nokuvumelana nezimo, ithole indawo yayo ezindaweni ezifudumele nezipholile emhlabeni jikelele.. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuzuzwe i-kikuyu meadow enempilo futhi enhle ngempela, kubalulekile ukwazi zonke izimfihlo zokutshalwa kwayo kanye nezihluthulelo zokunakekelwa kwayo, kanye nokufunda ukuyigcina ingaphansi kokulawula, njengoba ingaba uhlobo oluhlaselayo uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele.
Uyazibuza ukuthi ungayitshala kanjani i-kikuyu engadini yakho noma esakhiweni sakho? Zitholele konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana notshani be-kikuyu futhi uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu!
Umsuka nezici zesiKikuyu
I-kikuyu, igama layo lesayensi I-Cenchrus clandestinus (owayekade eyiPennisetum clandestinum), iwutshani obungapheli Itholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseKenya, Uganda naseTanzania. Igama elithi 'Kikuyu' livela esizweni samaKikuyu, ngokwesiko elihlotshaniswa nokufuya, lapho lobu tshani babuwumthombo obalulekile wokudla kwezilwane.
Lolu hlobo Igqama ngamandla ayo amangalisayo nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi., ngisho nalabo abanokuzala okuncane. Ukukhula kwawo kusekelwe ekukhiqizeni ama-stolon nama-rhizomes, asakazeka ngokushesha futhi aqoqe izindawo ezinkulu ngezinyanga ezimbalwa nje. Amaqabunga e-kikuyu ayisicaba, aluhlaza ngokujulile futhi anokwakheka kwawo., efinyelela phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-4 no-10 ubude futhi ikhiqize ukhaphethi ominyene omelana nokunyathelwa, olungele izingadi, izinkundla zemidlalo, noma amadlelo emfuyo.
Ezingeni lobuhle, Inikeza ukubukeka okukhangayo ngenxa yombala wayo nokuminyana, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ingase ibephuzi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ivamise ukulahlekelwa ubuhlaza bayo uma izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kuka-5°C, futhi liye ngisho nasekuwohlokeni komnotho noma ife uma kunesithwathwa esinamandla.ngaphansi kuka-3°C). Noma kunjalo, Imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ehlobo kanye nesomiso esithatha isikhathi eside engcono kakhulu kunobunye utshani, ibuyisela umbala namandla ayo ngokushesha nje lapho izimo ziba ngcono.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-Kikuyu: okufanele ukwazi
Phakathi kwezizathu eziyinhloko zokukhetha isiKikuyu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhula okusheshayo nokumbozwa okuminyene: ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izindawo ezinkulu ngesikhathi esifushane, ukhiqize ukhaphethi ophikelelayo nofanayo.
- Ukumelana nesomiso nokunyathelwa: ilungele isimo sezulu esifudumele, izindawo ezigcwele izimoto kanye nemidlalo noma ukusetshenziswa kwemfuyo.
- Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo: ikhula kuyo yomibili inhlabathi evundile nempofu, futhi ikwazi ukumelana nosawoti othile.
- Ukugcinwa okuphansi Uma isimisiwe: idinga ukuchelelwa okuncane kanye nokugunda okuncane kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zotshani.
Nokho, I-kikuyu nayo inezihibe:
- Ukuthambekela kokuhlasela: Ingasabalala idlule lapho obulindele khona uma ungayigcini ilawulwa, ithinte ezinye izindawo zengadi noma ngisho neziza ezingomakhelwane.
- Ukulahlekelwa umbala nokukhula kancane emakhazeni: akunconyiwe ezindaweni ezinobusika obushubile.
- Izindleko zembewu: ngokuvamile iphakeme kunobunye utshani.
- Aphansi kuma-carbohydrate esakhiwo: Nakuba inothile ngamaprotheni okusetshenziswa imfuyo, ingase ingabi eyokudla okunomsoco.
Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala i-kikuyu?
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala i-kikuyu Kuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo. Kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlwanyela entwasahlobo, nini Amazinga okushisa aphansi adlula ku-15°C futhi awedluli ku-21°C. Lezi zimo zivumela ukuhluma kanye nokukhula kokuqala, ukuvimbela ukukhula ukuthi kunganciphisi ngenxa yamakhaza amaningi noma ukushisa.
Uma uhlala ezindaweni ezipholile noma zaseMedithera, UMeyi ngokuvamile ulungele ukuqala ukuhlwanyela. Kodwa-ke, uma ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kusapholile endaweni yangakini, linda amasonto ambalwa kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi isifudumala ngokwanele.
Ukushisa okunganele kuthinta kokubili ukuhluma namandla okuqala., ngakho kubalulekile ukuba nesineke futhi ulungise isimiso ngokuvumelana nezimo zendawo. Ngale ndlela uzozuza i-homogeneous meadow eyengeziwe futhi enamandla kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala.
Ukulungiswa komhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala i-kikuyu
Isici esibalulekile sempumelelo yokuhlwanyela lungisa kahle umhlabathi. Nakuba i-kikuyu ibekezelela inhlabathi empofu, uma ufuna utshani obunempilo nobuhle, Kuyafaneleka ukwenza umzamo ekulungiseleleni kokuqala.
Izinyathelo ezinconyiwe yilezi:
- Susa umhlaba okungenani kube ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ukujula, ukukhuthaza ukumila kwezimpande kanye nokungena kwenhlabathi.
- Susa ukhula kanye nemfucumfucu yezitshalo ukugwema ukuncintisana nokwenza lula indawo efanayo.
- Linganisa umhlabathi nge-raki, ekhipha imigodi noma amagada.
- Nothisa umhlabathi ngomquba, izikelemu noma izinto eziphilayo. Nakuba ikhula emhlabathini ompofu, i-kikuyu isabela kahle kakhulu kulokhu kufakwa okwengeziwe, ikhiqiza indawo eminyene, neluhlaza.
- Emasimini emfuyo, yenza i-chisel pass eyodwa kanye nama-rake pass amabili kuya kwamathathu Kuyasiza ukukhulula inhlabathi futhi kuthuthukise izimo zokuhluma kwe-stolons.
Izindlela zokutshala i-Kikuyu: imbewu kanye nabagijimi
I-Kikuyu ingasungulwa ngamasu amabili ayinhloko:
- Ukuhlwanyela ngembewu: Kuyindlela evame kakhulu engadini yangasese nasezindaweni ezincane.
Umthamo onconyiwe uvamise ukuba phakathi kuka-10 no-12 amagremu embewu ngemitha yesikwele.. Gcoba imbewu ngokulinganayo phezu kwenhlabathi, uyimboze ngongqimba oluncane lwenhlabathi (amamilimitha ambalwa nje) bese usebenzisa ireki noma ibhodi ukukhuthaza ukuthintana kwembewu yomhlabathi.
Bese, amanzi ngobumnene, ugweme izikhukhula. I-Kikuyu ihluma ngokungalingani, ngakho-ke ukubekezela kuzoba umngane omkhulu. - Ukuhlwanyela ngama-stolons noma ama-cuttings: Isetshenziswa kakhulu emapulazini emfuyo nasezindaweni ezinkulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa Iziqu ezivuthiwe okungenani ezingama-80cm kuya ku-1m ezinamanodi angama-3-4 bese uwatshala emiseleni eqhelelene ngo-60cm. Gcoba abagijimi ngo-5 kuya ku-10 cm ukujula bese ubamboza kahle. Le ndlela yokutshala iyashesha futhi isebenza kahle uma ungathola ikhwalithi ye-vegetative material. Ngehektha elilodwa, ngokuvamile cishe amathani amabili ama-stolon.
Kunoma yikuphi, ungakunaki ukuvundiswa kokuqala. I-kikuyu yamukela kakhulu izakhamzimba, ikakhulukazi fosforo, kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimpande. Sebenzisa umanyolo ocebile nge-phosphorus noma umquba ovuthwe kahle ukuze uqinisekise ukukhula okunamandla kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukunakekelwa kwangemva kokutshala: ukuchelela, ukugunda nokunakekela
Amasonto ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokutshala abalulekile empumelelweni ye-kikuyu.. Kufanele unake ukuchelela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile noma ezishisayo. Ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-15-20, Nisela nsuku zonke, okungcono ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ukulungisa umthamo wamanzi ukuze inhlabathi ihlale imanzi kodwa ingabi namachibi. Gwema ukuchelela kakhulu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, njengoba zingasusa imbewu noma zenze izindawo ezigcwele amanzi ezilimaza ihlumela elincane.
Ngemuva kwenyanga yokuqala nangemva kokwakhiwa kokhaphethi ongashintshi, Unganciphisa imvamisa yokunisela izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngesonto, uzivumelanise nezimo zezulu.. I-Kikuyu iyamelana nesomiso ngokumangalisayo uma isimisiwe, futhi izothokozela kuphela amanzi amancane engeziwe ngezikhathi zokoma kakhulu noma uma kuvela izimpawu zokuba phuzi isikhathi eside.
Ukugunda njalo kubalulekile ukulawula ukukhula nokugwema ukumboza okuminyene kakhulu noma okune-fibrous.. Kunconywa ukugunda utshani njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15, bugcinwe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ama-3 no-5 ezingadini, noma amasentimitha angama-8-15 uma isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa. I-kikuyu ende ngokwedlulele ingaba minyene, okwenza kube lula ukuthi izinambuzane zikhule futhi zilahlekelwe ukukhanga kwayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusisika siphansi kakhulu kwenza isitshalo sibe buthakathaka futhi kusenze sibe sengozini kakhulu.
Ukwengezwa kwezinto eziphilayo, njengomquba noma i-humus, kuthuthukisa kakhulu impilo ye-kikuyu.. Abasebenzisi abaningi kanye nochwepheshe batusa ukungeza izikelemu kanye noma kabili ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi inesihlabathi noma impofu, okuholela ekutheni kube notshani obuluhlaza, obunamandla.
Ukulawula kanjani ukukhula okuhlaselayo kwe-kikuyu
Inselele enkulu lapho i-kikuyu isungulwe kahle ukuthambekela kwayo ukwanda kakhulu kunalokho ekulindelekile.. Ama-stolon abo angawela izindlela, imigwaqo eseceleni, ahlasele imibhede yezimbali noma izingadi ezingomakhelwane. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kunamasu amaningana asebenzayo:
- Nciphisa indawo yokutshala ngemingcele ebonakalayo (izindonga, amatshe, izinkuni eziphathwayo noma amashidi agqitshiwe) avimbela ukuthuthuka kwama-stolons.
- Yenza izibazi ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ukunciphisa okulula nokusindayo kusiza ukugcina amahlumela ngaphansi kokulawula futhi kuvimbele ukunqwabelana kokuzizwa.
- Sebenzisa izindlela zemvelo ezifana noviniga ukudala imigoqo yamakhemikhali emaphethelweni. Abanye abalimi basebenzisa uviniga ohlanzekile esikhwameni esizungeze utshani, okunciphisa ukusabalala ngaphandle kokulimaza bonke utshani.
- Susa ngokuzenzela amahlumela. Kuyakhandla, kodwa kusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezincane.
Uma unendawo evulekile nendawo eningi, ukunwetshwa kungase kufiseleke. Kodwa ezingadini zasemadolobheni noma emiphakathini, Ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile ukuze ugweme izingxabano futhi ugcine i-kikuyu isendaweni yayo..
Ukuvundisa kanye nezinqubo ezihamba phambili ze-kikuyu enempilo
I-Kikuyu isabela kahle kakhulu ekuvundiseni okuvamile., nakuba ingadingi okokufaka okuningi njengezinye izinhlobo zezimfunda ezihloniphekile. Ukhiye ungaphakathi unikeze izakhi ngendlela elinganiselayo futhi ugweme umanyolo wamakhemikhali oweqile ukuze ungalimazi i-ecosystem noma udale izinkinga zokuphuma kwamanzi.
Okuhle wukufaka umanyolo wemvelo njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, ikakhulukazi labo abacebile nge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Uma inhlabathi impofu kakhulu, ungakwazi ukwengeza ngemikhiqizo yemvelo efana ne-worm humus noma i-alfalfa pellets (yize lena isebenza kahle kakhulu enhlabathini enezinto eziphilayo ezanele).
Ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza imfuyo, umanyolo ocebile nge-phosphorus (ofana ne-Yara, i-DAP, i-RAFOS) uyanconywa ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela kanye nangemva kokuklama ngakunye, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zemvula lapho isivuno sefolishi siphezulu.
Izinambuzane ezivamile kanye nezifo ze-kikuyu
I-Kikuyu isitshalo esiqinile kodwa asivikelekile ezifweni nasezilokazaneni.. Izinsongo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukugqwala kwamaqabunga kanye nesikhunta: Avela njengamachashaza aphuzi futhi omile emaqabunga. Ukufaka umoya njalo, ukunisela ngendlela efanele, nokuthena njalo kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala. Uma ubona ukuqubuka, ungasebenzisa ama-fungicides emvelo asuselwa kugalikhi, ithusi, noma izithako zemvelo.
- I-Fall armyworm, izimbungulu nezintwala: Bahlasela kakhulu ezindaweni ezipholile futhi bangenza ukhaphethi buthaka uma ungelashwa. Izixazululo eco-friendly zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa insipho ye-potassium noma i-neem extract.
- Ezinye izingozi ezincane: Ezindaweni ezingaphumi kahle amanzi, kungase kuphakame izinkinga zokubola kwezimpande. Inhlabathi esebenza kahle, egeleza kahle ivimbela lolu hlobo lwesifo.
Ukuqapha okubonakalayo kanye nokulawulwa okudidiyelwe kwezinambuzane nezifo Baqinisekisa utshani obunempilo nobuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhemikhali anokhahlo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-kikuyu: kusuka ezingadini kuya emadlelweni emfuyo
I-Kikuyu akuyona nje inketho yokulima. ELatin America nasezindaweni ezipholile zomhlaba Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengedlelo lezinkomo zobisi noma zenkomo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2.200 ngaphezu kolwandle, njengoba kwenzeka eColombia.
Iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi (15-27%) kanye nokubuya ngokushesha ngemva kokuklaba kwenze kube yisisekelo samapulazi amaningi emfuyo. Ivamise ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuzungeza kanye nobunye utshani obufana ne-ryegrass ukuze kusimamise ukudla kwesilwane. Engadini, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kokuhlobisa kuvelele ngombala wayo nokumelana, inqobo nje uma ukukhula kwayo kulawulwa futhi ukugunda okudingekayo kwenziwa ukuze kugcinwe ukubukeka okugcinwe kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-kikuyu ivikela ukuguguleka. Ngenxa yesimiso sawo sezimpande esinamandla, sivame ukubonakala emithambekeni, emigwaqweni, noma njengesembozo esingaphansi ezindaweni ezitshekile.
I-Kikuyu iyisixazululo esifanele kulabo abafuna utshani obuhlala isikhathi eside, obuluhlaza, obukhula ngokushesha, kokubili ezingadini nasemadlelweni emfuyo. Impumelelo yayo ilele ekulungiseni ukuhlwanyela nesimo sezulu, ukulungisa inhlabathi kahle kanye nokunakekela okuyisisekelo kokunisela, ukugunda nokuvundisa.. Ngokuqaphela imvelo yayo enwetshiwe kanye nezinkinga zezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu, uzoba nokhaphethi oluhlaza, obukeka kahle, futhi ohlala isikhathi eside, okwazi ukumelana nokusetshenziswa kakhulu nesimo sezulu esingesihle.