Uma uke wacabanga ngokutshala ubhatata ekhaya ukuze ujabulele ishubhu emnandi, enomsoco futhi ebukeka iyinhle kunoma iyiphi ingadi yasemadolobheni, ufike endaweni efanele. Ukunikeza ikhoneni elincane lengadi yakho, ithala, noma i-balcony kulesi sitshalo kungase kube lula nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kukhiqize ngokumangalisayo. Akunandaba ukuthi ungumuntu osaqalayo noma usuvele unesipiliyoni sokutshala eminye imifino: Ubhatata uvumelana kahle nezimo ezahlukene futhi umjikelezo wayo okhulayo ubonga kakhulu kulabo abanikela ngokuyinakekela kancane.
Kulesi sihloko, uzothola Ungatshala kanjani ubhatata futhi ujabulele isivuno ekhaya isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, usebenzisa wonke amathiphu namasu ochwepheshe bezitshalo. Ukusuka ekulungiseleleni i-substrate, ukuthola izisikwa noma izithombo, ukufakelwa kabusha, ukuchelela nokugcinwa, ukuvuna nokugcina. Uzofunda nokusebenzisa kokubili i-tuber namaqabunga, futhi ukhombe izici ezibalulekile ezenza ukuzikhulisa kube isipiliyoni somndeni noma somphakathi.
Izici kanye nezinzuzo ubhatata
Ubhatata, owaziwa nangokuthi i-yam, i-camote noma ubhatata, yi-a tuber yemvelaphi yaseMelika esihambe emhlabeni wonke amakhulu eminyaka ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi, ukuthungwa okubushelelezi kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo. Ukulinywa kwayo kuvumelana nesimo sezulu saseMedithera kanye nezindawo ezipholile kangangokuthi ukuba nesivuno sakho kulula kunalokho ocabanga ngakho.. Impande yayo edliwayo ingaba nesisindo esisuka ku-200 amagremu kuya ku-2 kg., kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nokunakekelwa elikutholayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga amise okwenhliziyo, aluhlaza okotshani nawo ayadliwa. Angalungiswa njenge-chard noma isipinashi, okwengeza ukuguquguquka kwesilimo esithakazelisayo.
Ngokuqondene nokudliwa, ubhatata ungadliwa ugazingiwe, ubilisiwe, uphekwe ngesitimu, uthosiwe, futhi uluhlaza kwezinye izindlela zokupheka. Kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yamazambane, kusukela inikeza inani elikhulu lamavithamini, amaminerali kanye ne-fiber, ngaphezu kwama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, alungele labo abafuna amandla nempilo ekudleni kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Izinhlobonhlobo kanye nesikhathi esilungile sokutshala
Kuneziningana izinhlobo zamabhatata, phakathi kwazo i-Beauregard kanye ne-Hernandez evelele, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezifudumele nezipholile. Kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlola ukutholakala enkulisa yangakini bese ubuza ukuthi iyiphi evumelana kangcono nesifunda sakho. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, ungavakashela isigaba sethu izinhlobo zezilimo eziyizigaxa.
La isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala ubhatata Kusentwasahlobo, lapho ingasekho ingozi yesithwathwa futhi inhlabathi iqala ukufudumala. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umjikelezo wonke, kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvuneni, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-6, ngakho ukutshala entwasahlobo kuqinisekisa isivuno ekwindla, ngaphambi nje kokufika kwesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu.
Ungawathola kanjani ama-cuttings noma izithombo zikabhatata
Ubhatata awutshalwa ngembewu, kodwa utshalwa kusuka kusikwa noma amahlumela aphuma ku-tuber evuthiwe. Ukuze ukwenze ngokwakho, landela lezi zindlela:
- Ukuhluma emanzini: Faka ubhatata ophelele noma uhhafu embizeni yamanzi, umile noma uvundlile. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izimpande neziqu zizoqala ukuhluma. Le nqubo ifundisa futhi ibukeka kahle, ilungele uma ufuna ukubona izimpande zokuqala zikhula.
- Nge-coconut fiber: Ungasika ubhatata ube uhhafu bese uwubeka ku-coconut fiber oswakanyiswe. Emasontweni ambalwa, uzobona ama-cuttings alungele ukutshalwa kabusha, anezimpande kahle futhi enamaqabunga amaningana.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30, amahlumela kufanele abe namaqabunga angu-6-10 nezimpande ezingaba ngu-25-30 cm ubude (mayelana nobukhulu bepensela). Zihlukanise ngokucophelela futhi uzishiye ezinye izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze uqedele ukukhulisa izimpande eziqinile ngaphambi kokufakelwa kokugcina.
Ukulungiswa komhlabathi nokukhetha izitsha
Umhlabathi uyisici esibalulekile sokuphumelela kwezitshalo. Ubhatata uthanda inhlabathi ilula, ijulile futhi ichithekile. Ibekezelela izimo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa imiphumela engcono kakhulu itholakala endaweni enesihlabathi, nenhlabathi evulekile ecebile nge-potassium, evumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Inketho enhle kakhulu yokutshala ekhaya ukusebenzisa ingxube yenhlabathi yengadi, isihlabathi, nomquba, njalo uqinisekisa ukugeleza okuhle ukugwema ukugcwala kwamanzi. Uma utshala emabhodweni, izikhwama zokutshala, noma amabhokisi okhuni, qiniseka ukuthi ajulile ngokwanele (okungenani u-30 cm) futhi anemigodi yokukhipha amanzi amaningi.
Gwema inhlabathi ene-nitrogen kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula ngokweqile kwamaqabunga okulimaza izilimo eziyizigaxa. Ungathuthukisa ukungena kwe-potassium ngomlotha wokhuni.
Ukuhlwanyela: Ukutshala Kanjani Futhi Nini
Lapho ama-cuttings esevele enezimpande ezikhule kahle namaqabunga amaningana, sekuyisikhathi sokuwatshala ngaphandle noma esitsheni sawo sokugcina. Shiya isikhala esingaba ngu-30-40 cm phakathi kwezitshalo futhi phakathi kuka-80 no-100 cm phakathi kwemigqa ensimini. Emabhodweni ajulile, tshala kunxantathu, uhloniphe lezi zikhala.
Ngokusikwa okude, tshala isiqu sivundlile emseleni omncane ongu-2-3 cm ukujula, uvale ama-node ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezintsha.
Ngemva kokutshala, amanzi amaningi ukuze izimpande zikwazi ukuzinza futhi zigcine i-substrate imanzi phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ngaphandle kwezikhukhula.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo nokunakekelwa
Ubhatata uyisitshalo esiqinile kodwa sidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile okuzothuthukisa isivuno:
- Ukukhanya: Idinga ukukhanya okuningi futhi ibekezelela ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokuqina kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
- Ukunisela: Gcina i-substrate imanzi, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni nangaphambi kokuvuna, ngaphandle kwamanzi amaningi. Ukunisela masonto onke kuvame ukwanele, futhi ukuchelela nge-drip kunconywa ezitshalweni zasekhaya.
- Ukuthena amahlumela: Uma ifinyelela cishe ku-10 cm, ungathena amathiphu ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula kwe-lateral kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa eziningi.
- Obhalisa njalo: Faka umanyolo wemvelo kanye ngenyanga (njengomquba noma ukugaywa kwezikelemu), ugweme inayithrojeni eningi.
- Ukususwa kokhula: Gcina indawo ihlanzekile ukuze kube lula ukuthuthuka futhi ugweme ukuncintisana ngemisoco.
Izifo, izinambuzane kanye nezinhlangano ezinconyiwe
Ubhatata ungahlaselwa izinambuzane nezifo, nakuba ngokuvamile engangenwa kalula kalula. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- Intambo yesibungu
- Idonathi emnyama
- Ama-Nematode
- Ama-aphid nama-virus
Hlola izitshalo zakho njalo ukuze uthole izinkinga kusenesikhathi futhi usebenzise izindlela ezingayingeni imvelo. Ingahlotshaniswa nezitshalo zomjikelezo osheshayo njengama-radishes kanye ne-arugula ukuze kuzuze indawo ngenkathi ubhatata ukhula. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngezinambuzane, vakashela izinambuzane ezihlasela ubhatata.
Ukuvuna nokugcina ubhatata
La Ukuvuna kuvame ukuvela phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-5 neziyisi-6 ngemva kokuhlwanyela, ekwindla. Isihluthulelo sokwazi ukuthi isikhathi sinini ukuphuzi nokushwabana kwamahlamvu. Ngemva kokusika izingxenye zasemoyeni, vumela izilimo eziyizigaxa zome izinsuku ezimbalwa emhlabathini.
Susa ubhatata ngokucophelela, womise emoyeni izinsuku ezi-4-5, bese uwagcina endaweni epholile, enomoya omuhle enomswakama ocishe ube ngu-85%. Gwema ukuwagcina ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-12°C, ngoba lokhu kungonakalisa izinga lawo futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezifo.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuwashiya elangeni amahora ambalwa bese uwagcina otshanini noma amakhadibhodi ukuze ulondoloze isikhathi eside.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Culinary kanye nokuxhashazwa kwesitshalo
Ubhatata uguquguquka kakhulu ekhishini. Ungayidla yosiwe, ngokhilimu, amasobho, ama-puree, ethosiwe, isitshulu, amakhekhe kanye nezindlela zokupheka ezinoshukela. Amaqabunga amancane, inqobo nje uma eluhlaza futhi enempilo, angaphekwa ngokubilisa njengesipinashi, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise isitshalo sonke.
Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi kanye nenani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco, iyindlela enempilo ehlukile kumazambane kanye nomthombo ophelele wamandla ekudleni okunomsoco. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokutshala ubhatata, ungavakashela ubhatata utshalwa kanjani.
Ukulima ubhatata ekhaya kukhuthaza umjikelezo olula, onezinzuzo eziningi, okukuvumela ukuba ujabulele isivuno sakho futhi wengeze ukunambitheka kanye nenani engadini yakho.