I-Las bromeliads Zimelela omunye wemindeni ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi enemibala yezitshalo embusweni wezitshalo. Ukwehlukahlukana kwazo okumangazayo kuhehe abathandi bezingadi nochwepheshe ngokufanayo, hhayi nje ngenxa yokwakheka kwabo okumangalisayo nemibala, kodwa nangenxa yekhono labo elimangalisayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela emahlathini aluhlaza kuya ezindaweni ezomile, ama-bromeliads asabalele, abonisa isizukulwane nezinhlobo eziningi, kokubili i-epiphytic ne-terrestrial, ngisho ne-lithophytic.
Izici ezijwayelekile zama-bromeliads
Umndeni I-Bromeliaceae Kuhlanganisa okungaphezu kwalokho Izinhlobo ezingu-3.000 kanye nezizukulwane ezicishe zibe ngu-60, njenge I-Aechmea, i-Guzmania, i-Tillandsia, i-Ananas, i-Vriesea, i-Neoregelia, i-Billbergia, i-Cryptanthus, i-Nidularium, i-Dyckia, i-Puya ne-PitcairniaImvelaphi yabo isezwekazini laseMelika, kusukela eningizimu ye-United States kuya e-Argentina naseChile, nakuba sebejwayele izindawo zokuhlala ezihlukahlukene njengamahlathi ashisayo, izindawo eziphakeme zezintaba, kanye nezindawo ezinogwadule.
Iningi lama-bromeliads angama-epiphyte., okusho ukuthi zikhula kwezinye izitshalo noma izindawo (izigodo, amatshe), zimunca imisoco kanye nomswakama ikakhulukazi emoyeni nasemanzini emvula. Nokho, zikhona futhi izinhlobo zasemhlabeni njengokudumile U-Ananas comosus (uphayinaphu) kanye ne-lithophytic bromeliads emila emadwaleni.
I-Universal ekwakhiweni kwayo, ama-bromeliad amaningi yakha i-rosette yamaqabunga okuveza isici "Urn" noma "tank", inkomishi ephakathi ekwazi ukugcina amanzi nemisoco. Lo mshini ubalulekile ukuze ziphile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho amanzi engase entuleka khona.
Su inflorescence, ezimweni eziningi, igqama ngokugqama kwayo ama-bracts Imibala egqamile (obomvu, osawolintshi, ophuzi, opinki, onsomi) ivamise ukusibekela izimbali zeqiniso ezincane nezinobuhlakani. Kwezinye izinhlobo, izimbali cishe azibonakali, kodwa ama-bracts angama-protagonists angempela okuhlobisa.
Ezingeni ukuzivumelanisa nezimoI-Bromeliads ibonisa ukuqina nokuvumelana nezimo okumangalisayo. Ezinye zingamelana nesomiso isikhathi eside, isithwathwa esincane, noma ilanga eligcwele, kuyilapho ezinye zithanda izindawo ezinomswakama nezivikelekile. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kokuzivumelanisa nezimo kuthande ukuthandwa kwazo ekulinyweni kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, nasezingadini zesimanje, ezishisayo, noma ezinganakekelwa kahle.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezinhlobonhlobo zama-bromeliads
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-bromeliad, sinikeza isibuyekezo sezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu nezaziswayo, kokubili ekulima nasekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi. Ngezansi, uzofunda ngezici zabo eziyinhloko, izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo, namathiphu okukhula ayisisekelo.
1. EGuzmania
La E-Guzmania Ithole indawo ehloniphekile ezindlini nasemahhovisi ngenxa yayo i-inflorescence enemibala kanye nokulinywa kwayo kalula endlini. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokunakekelwa kwayo kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe, ungathintana indlela yokutshala ama-bromeliads.
- AmaSpredishithi: Zinde, zincane, zibushelelezi, futhi ngokuvamile zigobile, ziluhlaza ngokugqamile; kwezinye izinhlobo, zinemibala ebomvu noma ephinki.
- I-Inflorescence: I-spike emaphakathi ezungezwe ama-bracts abomvu, awolintshi, aphuzi noma ansomi, azungeze izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe noma eziphuzi.
- Iqhakaza: Ingahlala amasonto ambalwa noma ngisho izinyanga ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya nomswakama.
2. Neoregelia
I-Neoregelia, ngokuyinhloko edabuka eBrazil kanye nomfula i-Amazon, idume ngakho amaqabunga anempilo namaphethini ayingqayizivele ezithuthukiswa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, sincoma ukuthi uvakashele izinhlobo ze-bromeliad.
- AmaSpredishithi: Ebanzi, eyisicaba, enemiphetho egobile noma eyi-spiny, ehlangene ku-rosette. Imibala ingaba luhlaza okotshani iye kobomvu, ephinki, onsomi, noma osawolintshi, ngokuvamile ibe namabhande noma amachashaza.
- Iqhakaza: Isikhungo se-rosette sinemibala egqamile lapho iqhakaza, nakuba izimbali zincane futhi zingabonakali.
3. I-Tillandsia
I-Las tillandsias Baziwa ngokuthi "ama-bromeliads asemoyeni". Ziyizinhlobo ama-epiphyte Azidingi i-substrate futhi ngokuvamile zimunca amanzi nemisoco emoyeni. Ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho lwezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezahlukene, vakashela izinhlobo zeTillandsia.
- AmaSpredishithi: Izacile, iqondile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imbozwe ngama-trichome awanika umbala osiliva. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamaqabunga aqinile.
- I-Inflorescence: Ama-spikes anemibala noma ama-panicle emithunzi epinki, onsomi, obomvu noma osawolintshi.
4. I-Vriesea
IVriesea igqame ngakho ama-inflorescences amade futhi idonsa amehlo, kanye nokukhula kalula endlini. Uma ufuna ukuhlola okwengeziwe ngezinhlobo zabo nokunakekelwa, hlola izinhlobo zeGuzmania.
- AmaSpredishithi: Inkulu, ibushelelezi futhi i-arched, ilula ukuya kokuluhlaza okumnyama, kwesinye isikhathi inomaka okuhlobisa.
- I-Inflorescence: I-flat, i-spike enemibala (ebomvu, ewolintshi, ephuzi) enenani elikhulu lokuhlobisa. Ama-bracts ngokuvamile adlula izimbali.
5. I-Aechmea
Ohlotsheni I-Aechmea Izinhlobo ezifana ne- I-Aechmea fasciata (isitsha sesiliva). Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokutshalwa nokunakekelwa kwayo, vakashela Yiziphi izitshalo ze-monocarpic?.
- AmaSpredishithi: Iqinile, ibanzi, ivamise ukumbozwa ngesiliva noma enamabala, ahlelwe nge-rosette.
- I-Inflorescence: Ama-bracts apinki ajulile azungeze izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezi-lilac, noma eziphuzi; i-inflorescence ingahlala izinyanga.
6. Ama-Anana (i-Pineapple Bromeliad)
Ubulili uphayinaphu Yaziwa ngezinhlobo zayo ezifanekisela kakhulu, i U-Ananas comosus (uphayinaphu), nakuba uhlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlobisa nezidliwayo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokunakekela lezi zitshalo, bheka.
- AmaSpredishithi: Okude, okuqinile, okunamaphethelo angama-spiny, ahlelwe nge-rosette.
- I-Inflorescence/Isithelo: Amaqoqo aminyene ezimbali okuthi, ngemva kokuvundiswa, akhe isigaxa; isitshalo se-monocarpic (izimbali futhi sithela izithelo kanye kuphela).
7. I-Cryptanthus (Ground Bromeliad)
I-Cryptanthus Ihlanganisa ndawonye ama-bromeliad amancane asemhlabeni, aziwa ngokuthi inkanyezi yomhlaba ngenxa yokuma kwayo okumise okwenkanyezi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezici zayo nokunakekelwa, vakashela izinhlobo zamahlathi nokuthi zithonya kanjani izindawo zabo zokuhlala.
- AmaSpredishithi: Okufushane, okubanzi, ngokuvamile okunamabhande noma amabala anemibala eluhlaza, ebomvu noma esiliva.
- I-Inflorescence: Izimbali ezincane maphakathi ne-rosette, ngokuvamile azibonakali kakhulu.
8. Phuya
Ubulili Puja Ihlanganisa ama-bromeliad amakhulu asemhlabeni ahlala ezifundeni zase-Andean kanye nezindawo ezomile eziseNingizimu Melika. Ukuze uqonde kangcono i-ecosystem yayo, thintana izinhlobo zezimpande kanye nokujwayela kwayo ezindaweni ezomile.
- AmaSpredishithi: Inde, iqinile, ivamise ukuba nemigogodla ecijile.
- I-Inflorescence: Ama-flower spikes ahlaba umxhwele anezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eziluhlaza noma eziwolintshi.
9. I-Billbergia
La EBillbergia Ibonakala ngama-inflorescences alengayo namaqabunga ama-arched; kuyaziswa ekuhlobiseni kwangaphakathi nasezingadini ezinomthunzi. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zayo, sincoma ukuthi uvakashele i-billibergia.
- AmaSpredishithi: Isikhathi eside, esinamanzi, ngezinye izikhathi sihlotshiswe ngamaphethini aluhlaza, obomvu noma isiliva.
- I-Inflorescence: I-pendant; ikhiqiza izimbali ezinemibala egqamile ezikhanga ama-hummingbird.
10. Ezinye izinhlobo eziphawulekayo
- I-Nidularium: Ama-rosette ahlangene anama-bract amaphakathi abomvu noma awolintshi.
- I-Dickia: Ama-bromeliad asemhlabeni avela ezindaweni ezomile, anamaqabunga aqinile, anama-spiny; ilungele izingadi ze-xerophytic.
- I-Pitcairnia: I-genus ehlukahlukene kakhulu, enamaqabunga aqinile nezimbali ezibomvu, eziwolintshi noma ezisiliva, ezibekezelela isomiso.
- Ezinye izizukulwane ezifana neHohenbergia neDeuterocohniaBaphinde banikeze izinhlobo ezithakazelisayo zabaqoqi.
Ukuhlukahluka kobumo, imibala nokubekezelelana kwemvelo
I-Bromeliads ibonisa uhla oluhlaba umxhwele lwamafomu: kusuka amaqabunga ama-lanceolate, ama-serrated, abanzi noma amancane ukuhlanganisa noma ama-rosette abanzi. Amahlamvu awo angahlotshiswa ngamabala, amabhande, ama-waxy coatings, noma anoboya. Ngokuqondene nama-inflorescences, sithola ama-spikes aqondile, ama-racemes aminyene, ama-bracts ayisicaba, noma izinti ezilengayo, ezinombala wombala ohlanganisa obomvu, obomvana, ophuzi, owolintshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, nomhlophe.
Ama-bromeliad amaningi aqhakaza kanye kuphela ekuphileni kwawo. (ziyi-monocarpic), kodwa ngaphambi kokufa zivame ukukhiqiza "ama-suckers" avumela ukuzala kwemifino; lezi nzalo zingahlukaniswa futhi zitshalwe ukuze kutholwe izitshalo ezintsha.
Kepha izimiso zemveloI-Bromeliads ithatha izindawo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene njengehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, ugwadule lwase-Andean, amadwala entaba-mlilo, nama-savanna ashisayo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwemvelo kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yabo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokusebenzisa kwabo ukuhlobisa ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kwama-bromeliads ekhaya nasengadini
- Ukukhanya: Bakhetha ukukhanya okuchichimayo kodwa okungaqondile. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile okwedlulele kungalimaza amaqabunga.
- Ukunisela: Izinhlobo eziningi zidinga amanzi "ethangini" eliphakathi le-rosette, liyigcwalisa ngezikhathi ezithile. I-substrate kufanele ifakwe umoya futhi ingalokothi igcwale amanzi.
- Umswakama: Bayazazisa izindawo ezinomswakama, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukufafaza amanzi emaqabunga noma eduze kwesitshalo.
- Isendlalelo: Ukukhanya futhi kukhishwe kahle, okufana nomhlabathi we-orchid noma ngengxube yamagxolo ne-perlite.
- Ithempelesha: Ibanga elifanele livamise ukuba phakathi kuka-18 no-25°C, nakuba kunezinhlobo ezibekezelela amazinga okushisa athile kakhulu.
- Ukuvundisa: Kuphakathi kakhulu futhi kuncibilike njalo emanzini, okungcono kufakwe njengenkungu emaqabunga.
- Ukukhiqiza kabusha: Kusukela enzalweni noma imbewu. Inzalo kufanele ibe nezimpande zayo ngaphambi kokuba ihlukaniswe nesitshalo esingumzali.
- Izinhlupho nezifo: Ngokuvamile ziyizitshalo eziqinile, nakuba zingazwela kumswakama owedlulele (ukubola) nokuhlaselwa yi-mealybugs noma isikhunta uma izimo zingezinhle.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa, imvelo nezomnotho
Ama-Bromeliad abe amanye izitshalo ezibalulekile engadini yesimanje, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yobuhle bayo nokuhlukahluka, kodwa futhi kalula ukugcinwa kwayo kanye nekhono ngcono izinga lomoya wasendliniEzingadini ezishisayo, zesimanje, noma ngisho nezincane, zinikeza umbala nokuthungwa isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwenani lazo lokuhlobisa, izinhlobo eziningana zine-a ukubaluleka kwezomnotho okubalulekile. Isibonelo U-Ananas comosus (uphayinaphu) ungesinye sezithelo ezidliwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, futhi I-Aechmea magdalenae Itshalwa ngenxa yomucu wayo ongangeni emanzini anosawoti. Abanye, njengokuthi tillandsia usneoides (i-Spanish moss), ngokwesiko isetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa upholstery noma emsebenzini wokutshala kwemvelo.
Kuwo wonke umlando, ama-bromeliads nawo abe nokusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwezokwelapha namasiko, ukuhlinzeka ngama-enzyme okugaya, imicu yendwangu, nezinto zokuhlobisa emasikweni kanye nemikhosi yoMdabu emazweni aseMelika.
Umhlaba wama-bromeliad uyaheha futhi ugcwele amathuba. Ukuguquguquka kwazo, ukuqina, nobuhle kuzenza zibe yinketho enhle kakhulu kubo bobabili abaqoqi kanye nalabo abafuna ukwengeza impilo nombala kunoma iyiphi indawo, noma ngabe bangabaqalayo noma ochwepheshe bezingadi. Kusukela kuphayinaphu wangaphandle kuya ku-tillandsia encane kakhulu, i-bromeliad ngayinye inomlando wemvelo oyingqayizivele kanye nendawo yonke yemimo nemibala ezotholwa.
