Ku Kuningi esibhekene nakho kwezolimo zesimanje.Ukukhiqiza ukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa, nokwenza lokho ngendlela ehlonipha imvelo nempilo yabantu, kuyilapho kukhuthazwa ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo nesomisoInkinga ukuthi amathuluzi amakhemikhali endabuko aya ngokuya anomkhawulo, akhiqiza ukumelana namagciwane, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, awahambisani nezidingo ezintsha zokusimama.
Kulo mongo, Ama-elicitors emvelo abe enye yezimpahla ezinhle ukuphatha izinambuzane, izifo, kanye nengcindezi ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu kuzibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa. Esikhundleni sokubulala i-pathogen ngokuqondile, lezi zinhlanganisela "ziqeqesha" isitshalo, zenze isimiso saso sokuzivikela sisebenze futhi sisilungiselele ukuthi sisabele kangcono kusikhunta, amagciwane, amagciwane, izinambuzane, noma izici ze-abiotic ezifana nesomiso, amakhaza, noma usawoti.
Ayini ama-elicitors emvelo futhi kungani ethakazelisa kangaka?
Uma sikhuluma ngama-elicitors, sibhekisela kubo ama-molecule akwazi ukuvusa ukuzivikela kwangaphakathi kwezitshaloZingatholakala ezingxenyeni zezitshalo, isikhunta, amagciwane, izindonga zamangqamuzana, ama-metabolites esibili, ama-phytohormones, noma ama-inorganic compounds kanye nezisusa zomzimba. Akuwona umanyolo ojwayelekile noma ama-fungicides, nakuba amanye akhona. ama-fungicides emvelo aqashwe emibhedeni yezimbewu kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo.
Ezimeni zenza njenge abaxhumanisi ekuboneni i-plant-pathogenZibophezela kuma-receptors athile kulwelwesi lwe-plasma futhi, ukusuka lapho, zicupha isiginali ye-cascade ethinta ukuvezwa kwamakhulu ezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokuzivikela. Umphumela uba isimo “sokuqaphela amasosha omzimba” esivame ukudlulela ngalé kwephuzu lokuqala lokusetshenziswa.
Ngokwemvelaphi yabo, ama-elicitors ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa abe endogenous futhi exogenousIzinhlanganisela ze-Endogenous izingcezwana noma ama-molecule akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwesitshalo ngokwaso, njengezingcezu zodonga lwamaseli ezikhishwe ngemva kokulimala noma ingcindezi. Izinhlanganisela zangaphandle zisuka kumagciwane (izingcezu zesikhunta, amagciwane, amagciwane), ama-microorganisms anenzuzo, okukhishwe kwezitshalo, noma izinto zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle.
Enye inkomba esetshenziswa kakhulu ubunjalo bayo: ama-biotic kanye nama-abiotic elicitorsIzici ze-Biotic zihlanganisa ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ezindongeni zamaseli, ama-oligosaccharides, amaprotheni, ama-enzyme, nama-fatty acids njenge-arachidonic acid. Izici ze-Abiotic zihlanganisa usawoti wensimbi, imisebe ye-UV, amazinga okushisa aphansi, izinhlanganisela ezingaphili njenge-sodium silicate, namagesi afana ne-ozone ne-CO₂.2 kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba okufana nokushisa noma ukukhanya kwe-pulsed.
Okubalulekile ukuthi, ngemva kwesenzo se-elicitor, isitshalo singena esimweni se Ukumelana nesistimu okutholakele (SAR) noma ukumelana ne-systemic (ISR)Kulesi simo, izindlela zokuzivikela ziyasebenza noma "zikhokhiswe ngaphambili," ukuze kuthi lapho i-pathogen yangempela ifika, impendulo ishesha, iqine kakhulu, futhi iphumelele nakakhulu, ngisho nasezithweni ezingazange ziphathwe ngokuqondile.
Indlela ukuzivikela komzimba okwenziwa ngayo kusebenza: i-SAR, i-ISR, nezindlela ezibalulekile zamahomoni
Ukuzivikela kwezitshalo kuhlelwe ngamaleveli amabili amakhulu: ukuzivikela kwangaphambilini (okuyisisekelo) kanye nezivikelo eziyengeliweI-preformed yilezo zithiyo zomzimba namakhemikhali esezivele zifika "ezijwayelekile": i-waxy cuticle, ukujiya kwe-epidermis, ama-trichomes, ukwakheka kwe-cuticle, izici ze-stomata nama-lentils, noma ukuba khona kwezinto ezifana ne-terpenes, i-alkaloid, i-phenols noma i-saponins.
Ukuzivikela okubangelwayo kwenziwa kusebenze kuphela lapho isitshalo sithola ukuhlasela noma isikhuthazo sokucindezeleka. Ngaleso sikhathi, okuthiwa ukusabela kwe-hypersensitive (HR), ukufa kwamangqamuzana asendaweni endaweni yokutheleleka, okuqhutshwa izinguquko ezisheshayo ekugelezeni kwe-ion, ama-phosphorylations/dephosphorylations kanye nokukhiqizwa okuqinile kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS) njenge-H2O2 kanye ne-superoxide radical, kanye nokwanda kwe-nitric oxide (NO).
Lokhu kusabela kunciphisa ukukhula kwe-pathogen futhi kuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa kwe I-Phytoalexins namanye ama-metabolites avikelayoLezi zihlanganisa i-phenols, i-lignin, i-tannins, i-flavonoids, i-glucosinolates, i-glucanase, i-chitinase, i-lectins, i-terpenes, i-alkaloids, ne-saponins, phakathi kwabanye. Ezitshalweni ezimelana nezinambuzane, izinhlanganisela eziphazamisa ukukhula kwezinambuzane nokuzala nazo ziyanqwabelana.
Ama-Elicitors asebenzisa leli thuluzi ngokunembile: Balingisa ubukhona bokuhlasela ngaphandle kwe-pathogen edala umonakalo.Ngale ndlela, isitshalo sivula izindlela zaso zokuzivikela kusenesikhathi futhi sinciphise ubungozi baso besikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ukwelashwa okuyengayo kusetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuba i-pathogen ifike futhi ilandelwe amathiphu okugwema ukuhlasela kwezinambuzanehhayi lapho lesi sifo sesivele sisungulwe ngokugcwele.
I-Phytohormones idlala indima ebalulekile kuyo yonke le nqubo. Izindlela ezimbili ezifundwe kakhulu yilezo ze i-salicylic acid (SA) ne-jasmonic acid (JA)Lezi zihlanganiswa yi-ethylene futhi, ezimweni ze-abiotic stress, i-abscisic acid (ABA). I-AS ixhumene eduze ne-SAR, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene ne-biotrophic pathogens; I-AJ ne-ethylene zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuzivikela kuma-necrotrophic pathogens kanye nezilwane ezidla uhlaza.
Ibhalansi phakathi kwezindlela zombili ibalulekile: Ukubonakaliswa kwe-AS okweqile kungenza isitshalo sibe sengozini enkulu yezinambuzaneNakuba ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-AJ kunganciphisa ukumelana namagciwane athile futhi kujezise ukukhula, njengoba izinsiza ziphambukiselwa ekuzivikeleni kunokukhiqizwa kwe-biomass.
Yingakho imikhiqizo yokuhweba yesizukulwane esisha, ikakhulukazi leyo yemvelo yemvelo, yakhelwe ukuba lungisa izindlela ze-AS, AJ kanye ne-ethylene ngendlela elinganiselayoukufuna ukuvikeleka komhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokuvimbela amandla noma ukukhiqiza kwesilimo.
Ubunzima ekusetshenzisweni kwama-elicitors: umthamo, ingxube kanye nemvelo
Ukusebenzisa ama-elicitors akulula njengokusebenzisa isibulala-sikhunta esithintana naye bese uyakhohlwa ngaso. Ukuze zisebenze kahle, izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha zibalulekile. lungisa umthamo kanye nesikhathi sokufaka isicelo ngendlela efaneleImithamo ephansi kakhulu ingase ingazisebenzisi izivikelo ngokwanele, futhi imithamo ephakeme kakhulu ingase ibangele ukusabela okungenakulinganiswa okulimaza ukukhula noma okubangela i-phytotoxicity.
Kufanele futhi sicabangele zabo ukuhambisana neminye imikhiqizo kuhlelo lokuphathaAmanye ama-elicitor angalahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle uma ehlanganiswe nezibulala-zinambuzane ezithile noma umanyolo, noma ngokuphambene, angaphazamisa isenzo sezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ukuhlola amalebula, ukwenza izivivinyo zokuqala, kanye nokufuna iseluleko sezobuchwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo gwema izinambuzane ezitshalweni futhi wandise ukusebenza kahle.
I-Las Izimo zemvelo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa zinethonya elikhuluIzinga lokushisa, umswakama olinganiselwe, imisebe yelanga, nesimo samanzi ezitshalo kuthinta ukumuncwa, ukuthutha, kanye nokusabela komzimba. Umkhiqizo ofanayo ungaveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu esimweni esisodwa kanye nemiphumela emaphakathi kwenye uma lezi zinguquko zinganakwa.
Ukulandelela kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Ngokufanelekile, ukusetshenziswa kwama-elicitors kufanele kuhambisane nokuqapha okuhle. ukuqapha okubonakalayo kanye, lapho kungenzeka, nokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri ukuhlola izinguquko kuma-metabolites okuzivikela, ama-enzyme e-antioxidant, noma imingcele yekhwalithi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukulungisa umthamo, imvamisa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinqubo zokuphatha.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-elicitors awawona induku yomlingo: Ezimweni zokucindezeleka okukhulu noma ukuphathwa okwanele, ukuzivikela kwemvelo kuyehlaAmakhemikhali e-agrochemicals okwenziwa ngokweqile, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, imisebe eyingozi kakhulu, noma isomiso esinamandla singase sinqobe amandla esimiso sokuzivikela ezitshalweni futhi sinciphise ukusebenza kwanoma yiliphi isu lokungeniswa kokumelana.
Ama-elicitors emvelo ngaphambi nangemuva kokuvuna: ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi nokulondolozwa
Ngale kokulawulwa kwezifo okuqondile phakathi nomjikelezo wezitshalo, ama-elicitors afakazele ukuthi angamathuluzi athakazelisa kakhulu ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-phytochemical compounds futhi uthuthukise ukulondolozwa ngemva kokuvunaUcwaningo lwesayensi oluningi luye lwahlola umphumela wawo kokubili lapho usetshenziswa ensimini futhi ngokuqondile esithelweni esivele sesivuniwe.
Ku-cherry, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambi kokuvuna i-oxalic acid (OA) ngezinhlobo ezinjengokuthi 'Sweet Heart' kanye 'Sweet Late'Isetshenziswa emazingeni ahlukene (0,5, 1 kanye no-2 mM) ezikhathini ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo (ukuqina kwamatshe, ukuqala kokushintsha kombala kanye nokuqala kokuvuthwa), i-AO yandisa ubukhulu, umthamo kanye nesisindo sama-cherry, kanye nokuthuthukisa umbala nokuqina, ngo-2 mM kube umthamo osebenza kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo lokwelapha luphinde lube nomphumela wokuthi a ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-bioactive compounds kanye namandla e-antioxidant Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, isithelo sinamazinga aphezulu e-anthocyanins, ama-flavonoid, kanye nokuphuma kwe-chlorogenic acid. Eziningi zalezi zinhlanganisela zihlobene ngokuqondile nokubukeka kwesithelo kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo kumthengi.
Kuma-plums ezinhlobonhlobo ezifana ne-'Black Splendor' ne-'Royal Rosa', i-oxalic acid namanye ama-elicitors emvelo afana i-methyl jasmonate (JaMe), i-salicylic acid (AS), i-acetylsalicylic acid (AAS) ne-methyl salicylate (SaMe) Baphinde bakhombisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Asetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthuka nasekugxileni okuhlukene, okwabe sekukhethwa ephumelela kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwekhwalithi kanye ne-phytochemical.
Lezi zifundo ziqaphele a ukwanda kokukhiqiza kanye nemingcele yekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe (isisindo, ukuqina, umbala, izinto eziqinile ezincibilikayo, kanye ne-asidi ephelele) kokubili ngesikhathi sokuvuna nangemva kwesikhathi eside sokugcinwa okubandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga aphezulu we-phenols ephelele, i-anthocyanins, i-carotenoids, ne-ascorbic acid agcinwe, kanye nemisebenzi emikhulu ye-antioxidant enzymes njenge-peroxidase (POX), i-catalase (CAT), ne-ascorbate peroxidase (APX).
Ku-artichokes, ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambi kokuvuna kwe-AO ne-JaMe ezinhlobonhlobo ze-'Blanca de Tudela' kube nemiphumela efanayo: amaphesenti aphezulu amakhanda ekilasi lokuqalaUkwenyuka okuphelele kokusebenza kwe-antioxidant kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-hydroxycinnamic acid kanye ne-luteolins kwabonwa kokubili ngesikhathi sokuvuna nangesikhathi sokugcinwa okubandayo. I-compound ethize, i-luteolin 7-O-glucuronide 3-O-glucoside, yaze yabonakala okokuqala kuma-artichokes.
I-Methyl jasmonate, ikakhulukazi, ibonise ukuziphatha okuthakazelisayo: Ukugxila okuphansi kakhulu (0,5 mM) kusize ukwehlisa ukuvuthwa nokuncipha kwesisindo Ekuphatheni ama-plums ngemva kokuvuna, imithamo engu-2 mM yehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethylene nokuphefumula, kuyilapho imithamo engu-2 mM isheshisa inqubo yokuvuthwa. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umthamo awuthinti nje kuphela ukuqina kwempendulo yokuzivikela kodwa futhi ne-physiology yokuvuthwa.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokuvuna nge-AS, AAS kanye ne-SaMe ezihlahleni zamaplamu nakho kwathuthukisa ikhwalithi: ukuqina okukhulu, isisindo esikhulu kanye nokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwama-acids ephilayo noshukelakanye nama-phenols nama-anthocyanins (njenge-cyanidin 3-O-glucoside ne-cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) kanye ne-carotenoids. Ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, lezi zithelo ezilashiwe zigcina umbala wazo, i-acidity, kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-bioactive kangcono.
Ama-elicitors wangemva kokuvuna ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kanye nokulahlwa kwamakhemikhali
Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu namuhla ukuthi Cishe ingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezithelo nemifino emhlabeni kuyalahleka ngemva kokuvuna.Isikhunta siyimbangela enkulu yalokhu kulahlekelwa. Ama-synthetic fungicides ngokuvamile aye asetshenziselwa ukulawula izifo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwale mikhiqizo kubangela ukumelana, izinsalela zokudla, nezinkinga zemvelo.
Ama-elicitors ebhayoloji athole ukuvelela njengoba isu elingenabungozi lokuvula uhlelo lokuvikela isithelo ngemva kokuvunaUma isetshenziswa ekwelashweni kokucwiliswa, ukumbozwa, i-nebulization, noma i-atmospheres eguquliwe, ingabangela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-metabolites e-antimicrobial kanye ne-antioxidant yesibili, ukunciphisa izehlakalo zezifo nokwandisa impilo yeshalofu; eziningi zalezi zinketho zifakiwe ekuhlanganisweni ku amakhambi esintu okuhambisanayo.
Phakathi kwama-metabolites akhiqizwayo, okulandelayo kuyabonakala: ama-phenolic compounds, ama-flavonoids, i-lignin nama-phytoalexinsLawa ma-enzyme aqinisa ukwakheka kodonga lwamaseli, anciphise ukungena kwe-pathogen, futhi athuthukise umthamo wawo wonke we-antioxidant. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsebenzi wama-enzyme abalulekile afana ne-phenylalanine ammonia lyase, i-superoxide dismutase, i-peroxidase, ne-polyphenol oxidase uyakhula, kwehlisa i-lipid peroxidation yolwelwesi kanye nengcindezi ye-oxidative ehambisana nokutheleleka.
Izithelo zibona amagciwane ama-recognition receptors kulwelwesi lwe-plasmaLezi zinqubo ziqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-ROS, ukusebenza kwamaprotheni e-G, i-ubiquitin, i-kinases, i-calcium signaling, kanye nenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yamahomoni kanye nezici zokubhala. Konke lokhu kuhlangana nokulawulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zokuzivikela, eziningi zazo eziye zabonakala ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-omics.
Izifundo ze-Transcriptomic kanye ne-metabolomic ku-avocado eziphathwe ngayo i-chitosan njenge-elicitor Babonise ukusebenza kwezindlela eziningi ze-metabolic: impendulo yokucindezeleka, ukudluliselwa kwesignali, i-phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, nokwanda kwama-metabolites esibili ahilelekile ekuphikiseni i-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Ucwaningo olufanayo ku-mandarin olulashwa ngama-cyclic lipopeptides avela ku-Bacillus subtilis lubonise ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwezinhlanganisela ze-bioactive.
Ama-elicitor ahlukahlukene ahlolwe kwezinye izithelo: I-Oligochitosan, i-salicylic acid, ne-yeast Pichia membranaefaciens Ziye zaboniswa ukuthi ziheha indlela ye-phenylpropanoid, enesibopho se-biosynthesis yama-polymer esakhiwo kanye nezingulube zokuzivikela. Imvubelo ephikisanayo efana ne-Pichia guillermondi noma i-Kloeckera apiculata, efakwe kuma-plums, ilawule ngempumelelo i-Monilinia fructicola, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo yenza kusebenze ukukhiqizwa kwe-lignin, i-flavonoid, nama-phenols.
Ama-agent okulawula okuphilayo ohlobo I-bacillus nayo idlala indima ebalulekileIzinhlobo ezifana ne-Bacillus atrophaeus TE7 zizuze ukusebenza kwe-biocontrol okudlula ama-85% kumango ngokumelene neCladosporium cladosporioides, kuyilapho i-Bacillus subtilis ABS-S14, ngama-cyclic lipopeptides, ilawula ngempumelelo isikhunta esiluhlaza e-mandarin futhi ibangele ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-ROS, ne-CaSAR,2+ kanye no-ABA.
Ngaphezu kwama-organic compounds, okulandelayo kuye kwahlolwa: ama-polysaccharides emvelo afana ne-chitosan, i-fructooligosaccharides, i-carrageenans, i-fucans noma i-agave fructansKonke lokhu kukhombise imiphumela emihle ekulawuleni izifo ezifana ne-anthracnose kukwatapheya. Amanye ama-metabolite afana ne-epicatechin, i-quercetin, amafutha abalulekile, nama-peptides e-antimicrobial (mytichitin-CB, epsilon-poly-L-lysine) abonise ukusebenza kahle kutamatisi we-cherry, ama-apula, nama-strawberries.
I-Los ama-elicitors we-inorganic kanye namagesi angaphandle Futhi azikho ngemuva kakhulu: i-silicon, i-sodium carbonate, i-CO2I-ozone noma i-nitrous oxide iye yaboniswa ukuthuthukisa ukucindezeleka nokusabela kwezifo kuma-mandarin, amagilebhisi, ama-jujubes, amakhabe, nezinye izithelo. Endabeni ye-CO22Isibonelo, kuboniswe ukuthi kusebenze izakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nokucindezeleka kwe-abiotic nokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwama-enzyme alulaza udonga lwamaseli, ukwandisa ukuqina nempilo yeshalofu yesithelo.
Ezingeni le-physiology, eziningi zalezi zindlela zokwelapha ziyayenga izinguquko ezijulile emandleni kanye ne-oxidative metabolismIzifundo ze-proteomic ku-mitochondria yezithelo ezilashiwe zembula izinguquko kumaprotheni abopha insimbi, i-ATPases, i-oxidoreductases nama-enzyme emijikelezo ye-glycolytic ne-tricarboxylic acid, akha amanethiwekhi okusebenzelana aqinisa ukumelana ngenkathi egcina amandla.
Ama-Elicitors ku-turfgrass kanye nezitshalo eziqinile: ama-phosphites nama-hormone abalulekile
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-elicitors akugcini ezihlahleni zezithelo noma imifino. Kuphinde kwaphawulwa ukuthi ayasebenza kwezemidlalo kanye ne-ornamental turf. Ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuvikela zemvelo kubalulekile. ukumelana nokuhlaselwa yisikhunta, amagciwane, amagciwane, ama-nematode futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubhekana nezici ze-abiotic ezifana nesithwathwa, isomiso, usawoti noma ukushisa okukhulu.
Kulezi zinhlelo zotshani, ukuzivikela kusebenza emazingeni amabili: elilodwa impendulo esebenzayo esekelwe kuzithiyo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali (i-cuticle, udonga lwamaseli, ama-terpenes, ama-alkaloid, ama-phenol, njll.) kanye nempendulo engenzi lutho exhunywe Ekuphikisaneni Kwendawo Nesistimu. Ama-Elicitors, akhiqizwa isitshalo ngokwaso ngokuphendula ingcindezi noma asetshenziswe ngaphandle, aqala lezi zimpendulo.
Enye yama-elicitors aziwa kakhulu otshanini yi- i-phosphite (HPO)3-2)Idume ngokugqugquzela ukwakheka kwama-phytoalexins ahlobene ne-terpenes, alkaloid, nama-phenols, inomphumela ophawuleka kakhulu ngokumelene nesikhunta se-oomycete njengePhytophthora nePythium. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo sekusungulwe njengengxenye yamasu okuphatha ahlakaniphile okunciphisa ukuncika kuma-fungicides avamile.
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, okulandelayo kuye kwatholakala amanye ama-molecule anomsebenzi we-elicitor otshanininjenge-salicylic acid, i-jasmonic acid, i-ethylene, ne-abscisic acid. Lawa mahomoni alawula ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo zamaprotheni ahlobene ne-pathogenesis (PR), abandakanyeka ekuvikeleni isikhunta, amagciwane, amagciwane, ngisho ama-nematode.
Izinga lokuqala lokuphendula kokucindezeleka ku-turfgrass lisendaweni, elihlobene ne Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-phytoalexins evela ku-enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)Ukwenyuka kwe-PAL kuxhunyaniswa nokumelana okukhulu okuphelele. Okwesibili, izinga le-systemic lihilela ukwenziwa kusebenze kwezakhi zofuzo ze-PR ezisatshalaliswa kuso sonke isitshalo, okulamulwa kakhulu yi-salicylic acid, njengoba kuchazwe ezifundweni eziningi ze-physiological.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka okukhulu—isomiso isikhathi eside, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamakhemikhali ezolimo, noma ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okunamandla—isimiso sokuzivikela sotshani siyawohloka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, Imikhiqizo ye-Elicitor kanye ne-biostimulant iba usizo olubalulekile ukubuyisela ibhalansi, ukunciphisa umonakalo, nokugcina ukudlala nokubukeka okubonakalayo kwemifino, ama-tee, noma izinkundla zebhola.
I-BestCure nokunye ukwakhiwa kwezentengiso okusekelwe kokukhishwe kwemvelo
Iningi lezinto ezintsha zakamuva empilweni yezitshalo lizungeza ukwakheka okuhlanganayo umsebenzi oqondile we-biocidal ngomthamo we-elicitorIsibonelo esisodwa i-BestCure, ethuthukiswe kusuka ezikhishwe ezisawolintshi ezisebenza ngendlela embaxambili: zilawula ngokuqondile ezinye izifo zesikhunta namagciwane futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zenza kusebenze ukuzivikela kwemvelo kwesitshalo.
Lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo yakhelwe hhayi ukubeka engcupheni ukukhiqizwa noma isivuno se-biomassLokhu kungenxa yokuthi bashintsha, ngendlela elinganiselayo, izindlela zamahomoni ezihilelekile ekuzivikeleni nasekukhuleni. Esimeni esithize se-BestCure, ikhono layo lokwenza kusebenze kokubili i-Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR), ephakathi ne-salicylic acid, kanye ne-Systemic Induced Resistance (SIR), exhunywe ku-jasmonic acid ne-ethylene, ichazwe.
Inhlanganisela ye-SAR ne-ISR ivumela a ukuvikela okuphelele kuma-biotrophic kanye ne-necrotrophic pathogenskanye nokusabela okuthuthukisiwe ezinambuzaneni ezidla uhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwenza kusebenze izindlela zokuzivikela, izitshalo "zilungele" izifo ezizayo, okunomthelela oncishisiwe kusuka ekuhlaselweni okusha ngakunye.
Okujabulisayo ngalo mugqa womkhiqizo ukuthi Zingena kahle ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ezididiyelwe kanye nezolimo ezisimemeZivumela ukuncipha kwemithamo yezibulala-zinambuzane ezivamile, zithuthukise ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka, futhi zandise ikhwalithi nempilo yangemva kokuvuna kwemikhiqizo, kuyilapho kugcinwa amazinga aphezulu amakhompiyutha e-bioactive anenzuzo empilweni yomuntu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalokhu kwakhiwa kusekelwa umthamo omkhulu wocwaningo, oboniswa ku Ama-athikili nezibuyekezo zesayensi ngeqhaza labaqaphi ekuvikelweni kwezitshalongokombono wokuphila kanye namangqamuzana. Izifundo kumajenali anethonya elikhulu ziye zacwaninga emiphumeleni yako ekukhulumeni kwezakhi zofuzo, i-fruit metabolomics, nokusebenzisana kwezitshalo nezinambuzane, kanye namandla ayo okuvikela izitshalo okuzinzile.
Bonke lobu bufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ama-elicitors emvelo—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-botanical extracts, ama-polysaccharides, ama-hormone ezitshalo, ama-microorganisms azuzisayo, amagesi, noma ama-inorganic compounds—anikeza Indlela eqinile yokuqinisa amasosha omzimba ezitshalo nokwenza ngcono izinga, isivuno kanye nokulondolozwaUkusetshenziswa kwayo ngendlela efanele, ngezeluleko zobuchwepheshe, ukulungiswa komthamo, ukuhlonipha izimo zemvelo kanye nokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokuphatha, kuvumela ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okwenziwa kanye nenqubekelaphambili ekulimeni okuqinile, okunenzuzo nokuhambisana nemvelo.
