La I-Calathea noma i-calathea isitshalo sasendlini esihlala siluhlaza, esidabuka eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, ikakhulukazi eBrazil nasePeru. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25 ezihlukene, zonke zidume ngamahlamvu azo ahlabayo kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinokukhanya okuphansi. I-Calatheas isiphenduke intandokazi yabathanda ukulima ingadi nabangaphakathi ngenxa yamahlamvu awo amahle, angashintsha noma iyiphi indawo. Kulesi sihloko, sikunikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele ku- Ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo seCalathea ukuze ukwazi ukujabulela ubuhle bayo isikhathi eside.
Izimpawu zeCalathea
I-Calathea isitshalo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuhle, akusho ukuthi kunzima ukukhula. Zonke izinhlobo zinezidingo ezifanayo zokunakekelwa, ngakho-ke akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-calathea onalo, njengoba kufanele zonke zitshalwe ngendlela efanayo. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo yiwona okhangayo, anamaphethini nemibala ehlukahlukene. njengokuluhlaza okumnyama, okuluhlaza okukhanyayo, okumhlophe, okubomvana, okunsomi kanye nesiliva. Zivame ukuba nezimo ezinde, ezi-oval noma ze-lanceolate.
Okunye okukhethekile ngale calathea ukuthi inamaqabunga athi ukuzwela ukukhanya, agoqeke ebusuku aphinde avuleke ekuseni. Yize izimbali zayo zizincane futhi zingashaqisi kakhulu, i-calathea yaziswa kakhulu abathandi bezitshalo zasendlini, njengoba inobuhle obukhethekile nobuqobo.
Izinhlobo ze-calathea
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-calathea, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile. Khetha oyithanda kakhulu futhi evumelana kangcono nendawo yakho, ngoba zonke zidinga ukunakekelwa okufanayo. Ngezansi, sikubonisa ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:
- I-Calathea roseopicta. Obeye aziwe njengo indondo yecalathea, inamaqabunga amakhulu, amnyama aluhlaza anamaphethini e-shades of pink and purple.
- I-Calathea orbifolia. Inamaqabunga amakhulu, ayindilinga, aluhlaza okumnyama anemigqa esiliva.
- I-calathea zebrina. Eyaziwa nangokuthi “isitshalo sedube,” amaqabunga awo anemigqa eluhlaza nemhlophe efana nemigqa yamadube.
- I-Calathea lancifolia. Obeye aziwe njengo Rattle snake plant, inamaqabunga amade, amancane anamaphethini emithunzi eluhlaza nesiliva.
- UCalathea makoyana. Eyaziwa ngokuthi "isitshalo sengilazi ekhulisayo" noma "isitshalo sezinyamazane," inamaqabunga amakhulu, ayindilinga anamaphethini anemibala eluhlaza kanye nensundu.
- ICalathea rufibarba. Inamaqabunga amade, amancane anamaphethini anemibala eluhlaza kanye nensundu, kanye nezinwele ezikhanyayo ngaphansi kwamaqabunga.
- I-Calathea ornata. Inamaqabunga amakhulu, aluhlaza okumnyama anemigqa emhlophe kanye nepinki phezulu kwamaqabunga.
Kuyini ukunakekelwa kweCalathea?
I-Calatheas yizitshalo ezikhangayo kakhulu, kodwa zidinga kancane mayelana nokunakekelwa. Nakhu okufanele ukukhumbule ukuze wenze ukulungiswa okuhle:
- Ithempelesha: I-calathea, njengesitshalo esihle sasezindaweni ezishisayo, ayikubekezeleli ukushisa okubandayo noma okuphansi. Idinga indawo enamazinga okushisa afudumele futhi anomswakama, phakathi kuka-18-26 °C. Kubalulekile ukugwema izinguquko kungazelelwe ku-thermometer.
- Umswakama: Lesi sitshalo sidinga indawo enomswakama ukuze sikhule kahle, ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukubeka umswakamo eduze kwaso noma ufafaze amaqabunga aso njalo. Khumbula ukuthi umswakama uyisici esibalulekile uma ufuna isitshalo sakho sikhule ngenjabulo. Iziqukathi zamanzi nazo zingabekwa eduze kwesitshalo ukuze kwandiswe umswakama osendaweni.
- Umanyolo: Kunconywa ukuvundisa lesi sitshalo kanye ngenyanga entwasahlobo nasehlobo ngomanyolo owuketshezi wezitshalo zasendlini. Ungakwenza ngisho unyaka wonke.
- Ukuthena: Amaqabunga awonakele noma afile angasikwa ukuze kugcinwe isitshalo sinempilo futhi sibukeka sisihle.
I-substrate engcono kakhulu ye-calathea
Uma ufuna ukunikeza i-calathea yakho nge-substrate efanele, kufanele ukhethe inhlabathi ecebile, ekhishwe kahle, ne-aerated ukuze uzuze ukukhula okuhle kwezimpande. Lawa amanye ama-substrates angcono kakhulu:
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-substrate: Ungasebenzisa ingxube yenhlabathi yezimbiza yekhwalithi ephezulu equkethe inani elihle lezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-peat, umquba, ne-vermiculite.
- I-substrate ene-perlite: Le nto i-porous futhi engasindi esiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza nokungena kwe-substrate.
- I-substrate ene-coconut fiber: Le nto ephilayo igcina umswakama futhi ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-substrate.
Kubalulekile gwema ukusebenzisa ama-substrates aqukethe ubulembu obuningi i-sphagnum, njengoba ingagcina amanzi amaningi futhi ibangele izinkinga zokubola kwezimpande. Ukwengeza, kuyatuseka ukuphinda kuthengwe i-calathea njalo ngonyaka noma emibili ukuze kuvuselelwe i-substrate futhi kunikeze indawo entsha yokukhula kwezimpande.
Unisela kanjani i-calathea?
La I-Calathea Kuyisitshalo esidinga umswakama, kodwa kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungakhukhuli i-substrate. Kutuswa ukuwunisela ngamanzi afudumele futhi uvumele uketshezi oludlulele luphume ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokunisela futhi. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingomi ngokuphelele:
- Imvamisa yokunisela: Ngokuya ngezici ezimbalwa ezifana nezinga lokushisa elizungezile, umswakama, ubukhulu bebhodwe, kanye nenani lokukhanya isitshalo esikutholayo, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukunisela lesi sitshalo kanye ngesonto ehlobo kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 ebusika.
- Amanzi afudumele: Ivamise ukuniselwa ngamanzi afudumele. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa noma ukushisa kancane ukuvimbela izimpande ukuba zingalinyazwa ngamanzi abandayo.
- Gwema ukukhukhula: I-calathea kufanele igcinwe imanzi, kodwa ingabi namanzi. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angaqoqi phansi ebhodweni, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukubola kwezimpande.
- Amanzi ekhwalithi: Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi asezingeni elihle, angenayo i-chlorine namanye amakhemikhali angalimaza izimpande zesitshalo.
- Indle uhlelo: Ibhodwe kufanele libe nohlelo oluhle lokudonsa amanzi ukuze amanzi aphume kalula. Uma ibhodwe lingenazo izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi, isisekelo singabhobozwa ukuze kuphume amanzi.
Ilula, imaphakathi nengaqondile
Ungabeka kuphi i-calathea? Kuyisitshalo sasendlini esingadingi ukukhanya okuningi, kodwa kunalokho ukukhanya okungaqondile nomthunzi oyingxenye. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile, njengoba lingashisa amaqabunga.
Umswakama wemvelo ubalulekile
Umswakama ubalulekile ekukhuleni kwe-calathea, okwenza kube isitshalo esifanelekile endlini yokugezela. Ungabeka ibhodwe esosweni lamanzi noma ubeke isiswakamisi eduze nesitshalo ukuze ukwandise ukuswakama kwe-ambient.
Ingabe i-calathea kufanele ivundiswe?
Kunconywa ukuthi uvundise lesi sitshalo ukuze usigcine sinempilo futhi ukhuthaze ukukhula kwaso. Umquba uhlinzeka ngemisoco ebalulekile oyidingayo ukuze ukhule, uthuthuke, futhi ugcine amaqabunga anempilo, anempilo. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, okuyinkathi yabo yokukhula esebenzayo. Enye inketho ukusebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi ezitshalweni zasendlini ezihlanjululwe emanzini, ngokulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungeqisi inani likamanyolo, njengoba lokhu kungashisa izimpande zesitshalo.
Ungasebenzisa futhi umanyolo ophilayo, ofana nomquba noma umquba, ozohlinzeka kancane kancane isitshalo ngemisoco ebalulekile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isitshalo ngasinye sihlukile futhi singase sidinge amanani ahlukene kamanyolo kanye namaza ahlukene. Kunconywa ukuthi ufunde imiyalelo kamanyolo futhi ulungise inani kanye nemvamisa ngokwezidingo zesitshalo.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile le-calathea
Izinga lokushisa elifanele le-calathea liphakathi kuka-18-26 °C. Lesi sitshalo esishisayo sithanda izindawo ezifudumele nezinomswakama futhi asikubekezeleli kahle ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okungazelelwe.
Gwema ukubeka i-calathea eduze nemithombo yokushisa eqondile njengama-radiator, izitofu, noma izindawo zokucima umlilo, njengoba lezi zingomisa umoya futhi zenze isitshalo siphelelwe amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya obandayo noma ofudumele ungadala izinkinga emaqabunga esitshalo.
Ebusika, lapho amazinga okushisa ehle, kutuswa ukususa i-calathea kude namafasitela neminyango engase ivumele umoya obandayo ungene. Zama ukugcina isitshalo endaweni enezinga lokushisa elizinzile futhi elanele unyaka wonke.
I-Calathea kufanele itshalwe nini?
I-Calathea ngokuvamile idinga ukubuyiswa njalo ngonyaka owodwa noma emibili, kuye ngosayizi wesitshalo kanye nebhodwe ekulo. Nazi ezinye izimpawu zokuthi isitshalo sakho sidinga ukubuyiswa:
- Izimpande ziyaphuma: Uma izimpande zesitshalo ziphuma emigodini yokudonsa amanzi noma ngaphezulu kwe-substrate, kuwuphawu lokuthi ibhodwe selincane kakhulu esitshalweni.
- Ukukhula kancane: Uma i-calathea yakho iyekile ukukhula noma ibonakala imile, ingadinga indawo eyengeziwe ukuze ikhule.
- Ukuncipha kwe-substrate: Uma i-substrate ibolile futhi iba yinqwaba ehlangene, isitshalo sakho singase sidinge i-substrate entsha, entsha.
- Ubunzima bokugcina amanzi: Uma i-substrate ingawugcini umswakama noma uma isitshalo sidinga ukuniselwa kaningi, kungase kube inkomba yokuthi izimpande zesitshalo ziminyene futhi azikwazi ukumunca kahle amanzi.
Izinkinga ze-calathea
I-Calatheas yizitshalo zasendlini ezingase futhi ziveze izinkinga. Enye yazo amabala ansundu emaqabunga. Lokhu kungase kube inkomba yezinambuzane. Lesi sitshalo singelashwa ngesibulala-zinambuzane noma isikhutha ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezinambuzane noma izifo. Ezinye izinkinga ze-calathea ziyi:
- Amathiphu amaqabunga ansundu: Uma amathiphu amaqabunga e I-Calathea zibe nsundu, kungase kube inkomba yokuthi isitshalo sithola ilanga eliqondile kakhulu noma ukuthi indawo yomile kakhulu. Ungahambisa isitshalo endaweni enokukhanya okungaqondile futhi wandise umswakama ukuze uvimbele le nkinga.
- Amaqabunga aphuzi: Amaqabunga aphuzi angaba inkomba yokuthi isitshalo sithola ukukhanya okuqondile kakhulu noma ukuthi isitshalo siniselwa kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukulungisa inani lokukhanya namanzi ukuvimbela le nkinga.
- Amaqabunga awile: Uma amaqabunga e-calathea ewa, kungase kube isibonakaliso sokuthi isitshalo sithola amakhaza amaningi noma ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukugcina isitshalo ezingeni lokushisa elanele futhi elizinzile ukuvimbela le nkinga.
- Ukubola kwezimpande: Ukubola kwezimpande ku- I-Calathea Kungabangelwa ukuchelela ngokweqile noma ibhodwe elingenawo amanzi ahlanzekile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo sisendaweni engaphansi ecwile kahle futhi usinisele ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi i-calathea idinga amanzi?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshela ukuthi i-calathea idinga amanzi amaningi kunalawo ewatholayo. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ukuhlola i-substrate. Uma i-substrate yomile, idinga amanzi. Enye inkomba yokuthi i-calathea idinga ukuchelelwa amaqabunga. Uma uzibona zishwabene, kuyinkomba yomswakama ophansi. Kwenzeka okufanayo uma ziphuzi. Kungase kube ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi, noma kakhulu.
Amaqabunga anemiphetho eyomile
Uma emaphethelweni amaqabunga e I-Calathea yomile, kungase kube inkomba yokuthi isitshalo sithola ilanga eliqondile kakhulu noma ukuthi indawo yomile kakhulu. Khumbula lokho I-Calathea ikhetha ukukhanya okungaqondile nendawo enomswakama ukuze ikhule kahle. Ukuze ugweme imiphetho yamaqabunga ukuba yome, hambisa isitshalo endaweni engakhanyi kancane, wandise umswakama, hlola ukuchelela, futhi njalo ugweme uhlaka.
Amaqabunga ashwabene
Uma amaqabunga e-calathea eshwabene, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi isitshalo sithola amanzi amancane kakhulu noma ukuthi indawo ezungezile yomile kakhulu. Ukuze uvimbele amaqabunga ukuthi angashwabani, nisela kahle, andise umswakama, hlola izinga lokushisa, uqinisekise ukuchayeka elangeni, futhi uhlole i-substrate.
Mi I-Calathea ayikhuli kahle
Lokhu kungaba inkomba yezinkinga ezimbalwa ezingathinta ukukhula kwezitshalo:
- Ukuntuleka kokukhanya: Uma i-calathea ingakutholi ukukhanya okwanele, lokhu kungase kuthinte ukukhula kwayo. Zama ukuhambisa isitshalo endaweni lapho sithola khona ukukhanya okungaqondile okwengeziwe.
- Amazinga okushisa aphezulu: Uma isitshalo sichayeka emazingeni okushisa abandayo kakhulu noma ashisa kakhulu, singase siyeke ukukhula. Zama ukugcina isitshalo ezingeni lokushisa elizinzile futhi elanele.
- Ukunisela okungafanele: Ukunisela okunganele kungaba yinkinga ekukhuleni kwecalathea. Uma lesi sitshalo sinamanzi amaningi noma singena ngaphansi kwamanzi, singathinta ikhono laso lokukhula. Qiniseka ukuthi unisela isitshalo ngendlela efanele ngokwezidingo zesitshalo.
- I-substrate engafanele: Ikhwalithi ephansi noma i-substrate engakhiqizi kahle ingabangela isitshalo ukuthi siyeke ukukhula.
- Izinambuzane noma izifo: Uma i-calathea ihlushwa izinambuzane noma izifo, lokhu kungase kuthinte ikhono layo lokukhula. Zama ukuhlonza nokwelapha noma yiziphi izinkinga ezinjalo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kunamabala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga
Uma kukhona amachashaza ngaphansi kwamaqabunga e-calathea, lokhu kungase kube umkhondo wokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane noma ukutheleleka kwefungal. Amabala angaba nemibala ehlukene, njengombala onsundu, ophuzi noma ompunga, kuye ngembangela ewumsuka. Ezinye izimbangela nezisombululo ezingenzeka yilezi:
- Ukuhlasela kwezibungu: Izibungu ziyizinambuzane ezincane ezidla ubisi lwezitshalo, ezingadala amachashaza ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Phatha isitshalo ngesibulala-zinambuzane esithile sezibungu.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-aphid: Ama-aphid yizinambuzane ezincane ezidla ubisi lwe-calathea futhi zingabangela amachashaza ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Sebenzisa isibulala-zinambuzane esithile kuma-aphid.
- Amakhowe: Isikhunta singangena emaqabunga e-calathea futhi sibangele amachashaza ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Yelapha isitshalo ngesibulala-sikhunta esithile.
- Izinkinga zokuswakama: Umswakama owedlulele noma onganele uyingozi emaqabunga e-calathea. Qinisekisa ukugcina umswakama owanele ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka kwefungal.
- Izinkinga zokunisela: Ukunisela okungafanele kungathinta impilo yamaqabunga e-calathea. Qiniseka ukuthi unisela isitshalo ngendlela efanele ngokwezidingo zaso.
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