El UChamerops uyazithobaIsundu, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo yesundu, singesinye sezihlahla zesundu ezigqame kakhulu endaweni yaseMedithera futhi okuwukuphela kwesihlahla sesundu somdabu ezwekazini laseYurophu. Ukuqina kwayo, ukukhanga kobuhle, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo kuyenze yaba insiza yezwe esezingeni eliphezulu kuzo zombili izingadi ezizimele nezindawo zomphakathi kanye nezilungiselelo zemvelo. Ngezansi, sihlola izici zayo, izidingo zokutshala nokunakekelwa ngokujulile, kanye nolwazi oluwusizo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ukukhiqiza, kanye nenani lemvelo, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla alesi sihlahla sesundu esithakazelisayo.
Izici ze-botanical ze-Chamaerops humilis
El UChamerops uyazithoba Ingowomndeni wakwa-Arecaceae futhi yaziwa nangamagama afana ne-margallón, intende yesundu, i-palmitera noma intende yesundu. Kuyi-a isihlahla sesundu esihlala siluhlaza, evame ukuba neziqu ezimbalwa eziqoqwe ndawonye esihlahleni esiminyene, nakuba ingakhula futhi ngesiqu esisodwa endaweni efanele kanye nezimo zomsoco.
Ngokuvamile ifinyelela phakathi kwamamitha angu-2 no-4 ubude esigabeni sawo somuntu omdala, nakuba ngokwemvelo nangaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo ingakhula ibe nkulu. Ekulimeni, ikakhulukazi ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokuthenwa okuvamile, ubukhulu bayo bulawulwa kalula.
Amaqabunga Zinsundu futhi ziqinile, zimise okwefeni, futhi zakhiwe izingxenye ezicijile eziyi-16 kuye kwezingu-20, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezimpunga. I-petioles ine-lateral spines evikela isitshalo ezilwaneni ezidla uhlaza.
Izimbali Abonakala eqoqwe ngama-panicles phansi kwamaqabunga. Zincane, ziphuzi noma zikhilimu ngombala, futhi zingaba unisexual noma hermaphroditic kuye ngesifanekiso. Impova ngokuvamile i-entomophilous, okungukuthi, eyenziwa izinambuzane.
I-Los izithelo Amajikijolo angama-ellipsoidal, abomvu noma ansundu uma esevuthiwe, aqukethe imbewu enokhuni. Nakuba zingadliwa kubantu, zingaba nokusetshenziswa kwendabuko futhi zisebenze njengokudla kwezilwane zasendle zendawo.
Ukusabalalisa, indawo yokuhlala kanye nenani lemvelo
El UChamerops uyazithoba Itholakala esifundeni esisentshonalanga yeMedithera, ehlanganisa iYurophu eseningizimu (ikakhulukazi iSpain, eningizimu yeFrance, ne-Italy) naseNyakatho Afrika. Ukuba khona kwaso kuwuphawu olucacile lwezitshalo zangempela zaseMedithera, njengezinhlobo ezifana nesihlahla somnqumo, isihlahla se-carob, ne-holm oak.
Esimeni sayo esingalawuleki, ikhula emithambekeni enamatshe, enhlabathini enesihlabathi, ezindaweni ezisogwini namagquma asomile, okubonisa ukubekezelela okukhulu usawoti kanye nezikhathi ezinde zesomiso. Ingakha amahlozi aminyene, angangeneki noma ibonakale ihlakazekile, ibe negalelo elikhulu ekulungiseni inhlabathi kanye nokuvimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nogwadule.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yayo yezimpande eziqinile Ivikela umhlabathi ekugugulekeni futhi ikhule ngamandla ngemva komlilo., okuwunikeza indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni imvelo yaseMedithera.
Izinhlobo ezithakazelisayo nama-cultivars
- U-Chamaerops uthobise 'i-Arborescens': ikhulisa isiqu esiqonde kakhulu nesichazwe.
- U-Chamaerops uthobise 'i-Glaucescens' (Blue palmito): Igqama ngenxa yethoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yamaqabunga ayo, yaziswa kakhulu engadini yokuhlobisa.
- Chamaerops humilis 'Gracilis' (I-Trunk palm): yenziwe isitayela futhi ihlangene, ifanele izindawo ezinomkhawulo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zandisa amathuba okuhlobisa e-palmetto kuzo zombili izingadi zomphakathi nezizimele, ziyivumela ukuthi ivumelane nombala, umumo, nosayizi okuthandwayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko nokuhlobisa kwe-Chamaerops humilis
Inhliziyo yesundu inomlando omude wokusetshenziswa komuntu:
- Imicu yamaqabunga: ngokwesiko esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni obhasikidi, imishanelo, amacansi, izintambo kanye neminye imisebenzi yezandla.
- Inhliziyo yesitshalo: Amahlumela ama-apical amathenda adliwe njengokudla, nakuba namuhla lokhu kusetshenziswa akukhuthazwa ukugwema ukulimaza abantu bemvelo.
- Izithelo: ebizwa ngokuthi "izinsuku zezinja" noma "izinhlungu zesundu", ngaphambili ezazisetshenziswa emithini yesintu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlabayo.
- Imboni yephepha nendwangu: Imicu yenhliziyo yesundu ibalulekile ekwenzeni imikhiqizo ethile ethile.
Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuwukuhlobisa, kunikezwe yayo ukugcinwa okuphansi nokuqinaUbukhulu bayo obuhlangene kanye namahlamvu angavamile ayenza ilungele izingadi zaseMedithera, amarokhethi, izindawo ezisogwini, amapaki asemadolobheni, namabhodwe alandelanayo. Ukuba khona kwayo futhi kuthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala nokudla kwezilwane zasendle zendawo.
Izimo zezulu nendawo enconyiwe
El UChamerops uyazithoba Ivumelana ngokuphelele nesimo sezulu saseMedithera, esivumela ukuthi imelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nenhlabathi empofu. Iyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi afinyelela ku -12 ºC ezifanekisweni zabantu abadala ezizinze kahle, inqobo nje uma zingekho izithwathwa ezinde. Ngemva kwezikhathi ezishubile zamakhaza, ingase ilahlekelwe amanye amahlamvu awo, kodwa ngokuvamile ihluma ngamandla.
Ukuzwela emakhazeni: Nakuba ikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esilula, kunconywa ukuyivikela emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu ngesembozo sezitshalo noma ipulasitiki, ikakhulukazi uma kuyisitshalo esincane noma esisebhodweni.
Ukumelana nesomiso: Iyakwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi, okuyenza ibe a inketho enhle kakhulu ye-xeriscapes noma izindawo ezinemikhawulo yokunisela.
Umoya kanye nosawoti: Imelana nemimoya yasogwini nobusawoti ngaphandle kwezinkinga, okuyenza ilungele izingadi eziseduze nolwandle.
Ukukhanya nokuchayeka: Ithanda izindawo ezinelanga, nakuba ibekezelela umthunzi oyingxenye. Ukuze ikhule kahle kanye namahlamvu aminyene, kufanele itshalwe lapho ithola okungenani amahora ayisithupha okukhanya kwelanga nsuku zonke. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ingavikelwa ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezeleka kwamanzi.
Ukuhlanganisa ekwakhiweni kwengadi
I-palmetto iyisitshalo esiguquguqukayo esikwazi ukufeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuhlobisa nengokoqobo ekubukeni komhlaba:
- Izingadi eziphefumulelwe zaseMedithera: Ukuhlanganisa izibonelo ezimbalwa endaweni enotshani kudala izindawo zemvelo nezintsha, okuvusa imvelo yomdabu.
- Ama-elementi okugxilwe kuwo: Ingasebenza njengendawo okugxilwe kuyo etshalwe yodwa otshanini noma ohlotsheni.
- Imingcele nothango oluphansi: Ukukhula kwayo okuminyene kusiza ukuchaza izindlela, ukugcina ukuphepha, nokukhuthaza ubumfihlo.
- Inhlanganisela nezinhlobo ze-xerophilous: Ihlanganisa kahle kakhulu ne-lavender, ama-agave, ama-succulents, i-rosemary nezinye izihlahla ezimelana nesomiso.
- Izimbiza ezinkulu kumasimu namavulandi: Ukukhula kancane kwawo kanye nosayizi olinganiselwe kwenza kube lula ukuphatha ezitsheni, inqobo nje uma amanzi ahlanzekile aqinisekisiwe.
Ngenxa yezici zayo, i- UChamerops uyazithoba Ilungele kokubili abaqalayo kanye nochwepheshe bezingadi, ngenxa yezidingo zayo eziphansi zokunakekelwa kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okukhulu.
Izidingo zomhlabathi nokutshala
Impumelelo yokukhulisa i-Chamerops humilis incike kakhulu kwikhwalithi ye-substrate kanye nokukhetha okulungile kwendawo yayo yokuqala:
- Umhlabathi okhishwe kahle: Nakuba ibekezelela inhlabathi empofu, enobumba, enamatshe, enamatshe noma enesihlabathi, kubalulekile ukuba ikhiphe amanzi ngendlela efanele ukuze kugwenywe ukugcwala kwamanzi okungalimaza izimpande.
- Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Ngaphambi kokutshala, yimba umgodi ojulile (ubukhulu obuphindwe kabili bebhola lempande), ucebise inhlabathi nge-organic matter, futhi, uma inhlabathi iminyene kakhulu, xuba esihlabathini esimahhadla noma i-perlite.
- Ukubumba: Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-substrate ye-cacti noma izihlahla zesundu, ezixutshwe ne-perlite nesihlabathi, esitsheni okungenani esingama-20 cm ukushona kanye nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.
- Isizini yokufakelwa: Ngokufanelekile, kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwamanzi futhi kukhuthaze ukuqothulwa kwezimpande.
Ukunisela kanye nomswakama
I-palmito imelana kakhulu nesomiso, nakuba ukuchelela okuvamile phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokutshala kukhuthaza ukuqothulwa kwezimpande ngokushesha nokuthuthukiswa okunempilo.
- Igceke: Phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele, amanzi kanye noma kabili ngesonto; ekwindla nasebusika, ukuchelela kwesikhala kube yizinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngokuhlukana, okuvumela i-substrate ukuthi yome phakathi kokunisela.
- Imbiza yesithombo: Kudinga ukuchelela kaningi (kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto ehlobo), njengoba i-substrate yoma ngokushesha. Njalo gwema ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Ukwazi ukunisela nini, afake umunwe emhlabathini: Uma ungqimba olungaphezulu lomile, sekuyisikhathi sokungeza amanzi.
Ukuvundisa kanye nobulongwe
El UChamerops uyazithoba Akudingi kakhulu mayelana nezakhamzimba, kodwa uyawuthokozela umanyolo omncane ngesikhathi sokukhulaLokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwamaqabunga kanye nempilo yonke yesitshalo.
- Umanyolo olinganiselayo (NPK 10-10-10): Faka isicelo njalo emavikini angu-4-6 entwasahlobo nasehlobo, uhlanza umanyolo emanzini okunisela futhi usebenzise isigamu somthamo onconywayo ephaketheni.
- Ama-Micronutrients: Kuyinzuzo ukuthi umanyolo uqukathe i-iron (Fe), i-manganese (Mn), i-zinc (Zn), ithusi (Cu), i-boron (B) ne-molybdenum (Mo) ukugwema ukuntula.
- Imbiza yesithombo: Umanyolo kufanele ube njalo kodwa ube mnene, ukugwema ukunqwabelana kukasawoti.
Ukuthena nokunakekela
Inhliziyo yesundu idinga ukungenelela okuncane kakhulu ekutheneni Ngaphandle kokususwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwamaqabunga omile noma awonakele, lo msebenzi usiza ukugcina ukubukeka okuhlanzekile nokunempilo futhi kuvimbele ukubonakala kwezinambuzane.
- Isikhathi esifanele: Sika entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
- Ungakwenza kanjani: Susa kuphela amaqabunga omile ngokuphelele ngokusika i-flush nesiqu, usebenzisa amathuluzi ahlanzekile nangenamagciwane ukuze ugweme izifo.
- Ungawasusi amaqabunga aluhlaza: Lezi ziseneqhaza enqubweni ye-photosynthetic futhi ziqinise isitshalo.
- Uma kuneziphetho ezomile: Mane unqume ingxenye ethintekile, ngaphandle kokuthi ususe lonke iqabunga.
Uma isitshalo sikhula iziqu eziningana futhi ufuna ukubukeka okuvulekile, ungazacisa ezinye zazo kusukela phansi.
Izinambuzane, izifo kanye nokuvimbela
El UChamerops uyazithoba Ivamise ukuqina, kodwa kunezinambuzane nezifo ezithile okufanele uziqaphele:
- I-Red palm weevil (I-Rhynchophorus ferrugineus): Ibhungane elingabangela umonakalo omkhulu wangaphakathi. Buka izimpawu ezinjengokushwabana noma ukucwila okuncane phansi kwesiqu.
- Isicabucabu esibomvu: Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile. Idala ukuphuzi kanye nokuba buthaka kwamahlamvu.
- I-Root fungus: Ehlotshaniswa nenhlabathi enamanzi, angabangela ukubola kwezimpande.
Izinyathelo zokuqapha:
- Ngezikhathi ezithile hlola isisekelo samaqabunga nesiqu.
- Sebenzisa ama-insecticide aqondene nezihlahla zesundu noma amakhambi emvelo afana namafutha e-neem uma uthola izinambuzane.
- Gwema umswakama owedlulele, njengoba kukhuthaza izifo zefungal.
- Khipha amathuluzi okuthena amagciwane ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye.
Uma izimpawu zitholwa, thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze uqukathe ukusabalala kwezinambuzane noma izifo.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha nokuphindaphinda
El UChamerops uyazithoba ingaphinda ikhiqizwe kokubili ngembewu kanye nangokuhlukaniswa kwamahlumela (abancelayo). Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nezici zayo:
- Ukuphindaphinda ngembewu:
- Kudinga ukucwilisa imbewu emanzini afudumele amahora angama-24-48 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ukuze kuthambise igobolondo.
- Hlwanyela enhlabathini ye-cactus hlanganisa nesihlabathi ne-perlite (2:1:1 isilinganiso), cishe ngo-2-3 cm ukushona.
- Gcina inhlabathi imanzi ngaphandle kwezikhukhula futhi ubeke imibhede yembewu endaweni yokushisa engashintshi phakathi kuka-20 no-25°C, okungcono kakhulu ngokukhanya okungaqondile.
- Ukuhluma kungathatha phakathi kwamaviki ama-4 ukuya kwangu-8.
- Izithombo zitshalwa emabhodweni ngamanye lapho zingamasentimitha amaningana ubude futhi zinesistimu yezimpande ezakheke kahle.
- Ukuphindaphinda ngamasucker:
- Entwasahlobo, hlukanisa amahlumela esitshalweni sikamama esinamaqabunga okungenani ama-2-3 nezimpande zawo.
- Zitshale emabhodweni angaba ngu-15 cm ububanzi ne-substrate efana neyomuntu omdala futhi uwagcine endaweni efudumele futhi enomswakama kancane.
- Kunconywa ukugcina inzalo endaweni ebandayo ebamba ukushisa ebusika bokuqala uma isimo sezulu sivuma.
Zombili izinhlelo zihamba kancane, kusukela ku- Ukukhula kwenhliziyo yesundu kuhamba kancane, kodwa ziqinisekisa impumelelo yesikhathi eside futhi zizuzisa kakhulu abathanda izingadi.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokukhula nokunakekela i-Chamaerops humilis
- Ingatshalwa endlini? Nakuba kungenzeka, i-palmetto ichuma kahle ngaphandle ngenxa yesidingo sayo sokukhanya nomoya omusha. Ngaphakathi endlini, kufanele ibekwe eduze kwamafasitela akhanyayo futhi kude nemithombo eqondile yokushisa noma amakhaza.
- Yini okufanele uyenze uma amathiphu omile evela emaqabunga? Lokhu kuvamile ezindaweni ezomile noma ngenxa yokuntuleka kokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Vele unqamule ingxenye eyomile usebenzisa isikelo esihlanzekile, esingenamagciwane.
- Ingabe ingasetshenziswa njengothango noma umgoqo? Yebo. Ngokutshala izitshalo ezimbalwa eduze, udala ihlathi eliminyene elilungele ukuhlukanisa izindawo.
- Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi inhliziyo yesundu ikhule? Isihlahla sesundu esikhula kancane kakhulu: kungathatha iminyaka eminingana ukufinyelela usayizi waso omdala, kodwa lokhu kuthanda ukulungiswa okuphansi nokuhlanganiswa okulula kunoma iyiphi indawo.
- Imaphi amanye amagama lesi sihlahla sesundu sinawo? Ngaphezu kwenhliziyo yesundu, yaziwa ngokuthi i-margallón, isundu elincane, i-palmitera, isundu lomshanelo, nesundu labalandeli baseYurophu.
Ilukuluku nokuhlobana komlando
El UChamerops uyazithoba Ingenye yezitshalo ezindala kunazo zonke eMedithera, ezikhona kusukela ngesikhathi se-Cretaceous ngokusho kwamarekhodi ezinsalela. Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwendabuko kunikeze indima ebalulekile empilweni yasemaphandleni kanye nesiko elidumile laseMedithera.
Esinye sezihlahla zesundu ezindala kunazo zonke ezaziwayo, okuthiwa "i-Goethe palm," sitholakala eNsimini Yezimila yasePadua futhi sesineminyaka eminingi ikhona, okuwubufakazi bokuphila isikhathi eside nokuqina kwalolu hlobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama Ama-Chamerops Lisuselwa kwelesiGrikhi elithi “khamai” (elincane, ligobile) nelithi “rhops” (isihlahla), libhekise ekubumbeni kwalo, ukuma kwesihlahla.
El UChamerops uyazithoba Isihlahla sesundu esishintshashintshashintshayo, esiqinile esinenani elikhulu lokuhlobisa kanye nemvelo. Ukulinywa kwayo kalula kanye nokugcinwa kwayo okuphansi kukuvumela ukuba ujabulele ubuhle nokusebenza kwayo kunoma iyiphi ingadi noma indawo yasemadolobheni, inikeze umuzwa weMedithera futhi ikhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Ukulinywa kwayo ngokuqaphela kuwukubheja okuphephile kulabo abafuna izitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside, eziwusizo, neziqhubekayo.
