Insimbi Ingenye yezinongo ezaziswa kakhulu nezikhethekile emhlabeni wezokupheka. Inani layo eliphezulu liyizuzele igama lesiteketiso elithi "igolide elibomvu," hhayi nje ngentengo yalo, kodwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, umlando, kanye nezakhiwo. Ngemuva komucu omncane ngamunye wesafroni kukhona indawo yonke ethokozisayo yamasiko, izinganekwane, izinqubo zobuciko, kanye nezicelo zokwelapha nezimonyo. Ngena ujule ilukuluku isimanga kakhulu namaqiniso ayingqayizivele mayelana nesafroni, funda ukulibona futhi uthole ukuhlobana kwalo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla.
Liyini isafroni?
El isafroni Ivela kuma-stigmas omisiwe we-pistil ye Imbali ye-Crocus sativus, isitshalo esivela emndenini we-Iridaceae. Le mbali yasendle ibonakala ngamacembe ayo anombala obomvana, ama-stamens aphuzi kanye nezinhlamba ezintathu ezibomvu ezijulile. Ama-stigmata mancane futhi lapho zomisiwe, ziba imicu yesafroni edumile esetshenziselwa ukupheka, imithi kanye nezimonyo.
Kushubile iphunga y ukunambitheka okumunyu kunqunywa yizinhlanganisela ezifana ne-safranal ne-picrocrocin, kuyilapho crocin Inikeza leso sici sombala ophuzi osagolide ezitsheni. I-Saffron ayigcini nje ngokucebisa ukunambitheka nombala wokudla, kodwa futhi iyanezela izakhiwo ezizuzisayo kwezempilo kanye nezimonyo.
Kungani liqhakaze futhi libiza kangaka?
El inani eliphezulu lesafroni Kuwumphumela oqondile wokukhiqizwa kwayo okuphansi kanye nomsebenzi onzima wezandla ohilelekile ekuwutholeni:
- Kudingeka ukuqoqa izimbali eziphakathi kuka-150.000 no-250.000 ukuthola i-1 kilogram yesafroni ehlanzekile. Imbali ngayinye inikeza amabala amathathu kuphela.
- La ukuvuna kanye nokuqothula (ukukhipha ama-stigmas) kwenziwa ngesandla, ukusebenza ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuvimbela imicu ukuthi inganqamuki.
- La ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ekuseni futhi kumelwe ivunwe ngosuku olufanayo, njengoba imbali ibuna ngamahora ambalwa.
- La i-safron rose iqeda inhlabathi: I-Saffron ingatshalwa kuphela emhlabeni ofanayo iminyaka emine noma emihlanu ilandelana; emva kwalokho, umhlaba udinga ishumi leminyaka lokuphumula ngaphambi kokuba utshalwe futhi.
Lezi zici zengezwe ku- isidingo samazwe ngamazwe, isikhathi sonyaka nokuba sengozini kwesitshalo, okwenza isafroni isinongo esibiza kakhulu nesikhethekile emhlabeni.
Umlando, izinganekwane kanye nemfihlakalo yesafironi
La Umlando wesafroni unezimpande zawo ezikhathini zasendulo.. AmaGibhithe, amaGreki, amaPheresiya namaRoma ayesebenzisa i-safroni njenge-condiment, amakha, udayi kanye nomuthi. Ukuba khona kwayo kubhalwe emidwebeni evela esigodlweni sikaMinos eKnossos (eKrete, 1700 BC), eBhayibhelini nasezincwadini zasendulo ezifana ne-Iliad. EGibhithe yayisetshenziselwa amabhati anephunga elimnandi lezicukuthwane nasekugqumeni; eGrisi naseRoma, njengodayi wasebukhosini kanye ne-aphrodisiac emikhosini yomshado; futhi yaphonswa ngisho nakubabusi phakathi nokungenela kwabo kokunqoba.
Izinganekwane zamaGreki ziveza umsuka wesafroni engozini edabukisayo kaCrocus osemncane ezandleni zikaHermes, owaguqula igazi elachitheka laba izimbali ezinezinhlamba ezibomvu: isafroni. Igama lesayensi elithi Crocus sativus liyayihlonipha le nganekwane. Ukwandiswa kokulima Yafika eSpain ngesikhathi sokubusa kwama-Arab, ihlanganisa izimpande zayo eNhlonhlweni.
Inqubo yokulima nokuvuna
I-Saffron ikhuliswa ngama-bulb, hhayi imbewu.Ama-bulb atshalwa ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ehlobo, cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ukusuka komunye nomunye, agqitshwe enhlabathini ekhishwe kahle futhi avikelwe emakhazeni nasemanzini amaningi. Njengoba zingakhiqizi imbewu, ukuzala kungenzeka kuphela ngokuhlukanisa nokutshala kabusha ama-bulb amasha akhiqizwa "u-anyanisi omama."
Umhlaba lapho kutshalwa khona isafroni kufanele uyekwe ukuze uphumule ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokusetshenziswa, njengoba lesi sitshalo sikhipha imisoco eminingi futhi siqeda inhlabathi. Ngemuva kokutshala nokukhula, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka ekwindla. Kulapho umjaho webanga elide, ukuvuna okwenziwa ngesandla kuqala, njengoba isikhathi sokuphila kwembali singamahora ambalwa nje.
Ngemuva kokuthi izimbali seziqoqwe, ama-stigmas ahlukaniswa ngokuqondile futhi aphelelwe amanzi ngokushesha noma inqubo yokugazinga elinganisela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi futhi igcina iphunga nombala.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngesafron
- Imbali yesafroni ivamise ukuba namabala amathathu, kodwa ezikhathini ezingavamile kakhulu ingaba nesithupha. Lokhu kungavamile kwezitshalo kwaziwa ngokuthi i-melguiza, uphawu lwenhlanhla.
- Ngemitha yesikwele esisodwa Kungatshalwa ama-saffron bulbs afinyelela kwangama-30, inqobo nje uma kugcinwa ibanga elifanele ukugwema ukuncintisana kwezakhi.
- Amayunithi okulinganisa endabuko (amaphawundi nama-ounces) asasetshenziswa ku ukumaketha liqhakaze Ezifundeni ezithile, ukugcinwa kwefa lomlando walo mkhiqizo.
- I-Saffron kube i-protagonist ye izinganekwane, izinganekwane kanye nemithetho eqinileNgeNkathi Ephakathi, abathengisi babegadwa abahloli abahlomile ukuze bavimbele ukukhwabanisa, futhi ukuphinga kwalezi zinongo kwakujeziswa ngokufa.
- UHenry VIII waseNgilandi wayeshiseka ngesafroni; wenqabela ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwawo ezinweleni nasezimpahleni zezingubo, wayala ukuba kubulawe labo abenza ukukhwabanisa ngezinongo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesafron kokhokho kanye namanje
Inani lesafron lidlula ekhishini:
- Ekhishini: Ibalulekile ezitsheni ezifana ne-paella, i-risotto, irayisi, isitshulu senyama, amasobho, ama-dessert, namatiye endabuko afana ne-cardamom chai.
- Njengombala: Ngaphambi kokukhula kodayi bokwenziwa, isafroni kwakuyisona sombala esikhethwayo ekudayeni izingubo, isikhumba, okhaphethi, nezimonyo, ngenxa yombala walo ophuzi ngokusawolintshi. E-Iran, isikhumba sasimanziswa ngamanzi esafroni ukuze kuvikelwe amehlo.
- Emithi yesintu: Izinkomba zasendulo ziwucaphuna njenge-antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, aid yokugaya, i-aphrodisiac, i-analgesic yezinhlungu zokuya esikhathini nezomlomo, futhi ngisho nanjengokwelashwa kwezimo zokuphefumula. Odokotela bomlando abanjengo-Avicenna noNicholas Culpepper batusa isafroni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukuphefumula nempilo yobuchopho.
- Kwezimonyo: UCleopatra wasebenzisa amabhavu ezimbali zesafron anobisi ukuze athambisa isikhumba sakhe. Manje isisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kokulwa nokushwabana, i-anti-blemish, kanye nemikhiqizo ewubukhazikhazi ngenxa yama-antioxidants ayo.
Amazwe akhiqizayo amakhulu kanye nekhwalithi yesafroni
Yize i- indawo yokuzalwa liqhakaze EMpumalanga Ephakathi, ikakhulukazi i-Iran, namuhla iSpain, Greece, Morocco neNdiya zigqama njengabakhiqizi abakhulu. I-Iran ihola ngevolumu, kodwa i-safron yaseSpain (ikakhulukazi evela eCastilla-La Mancha) ijabulela ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ngekhwalithi yayo, imicu emide, eyomile, iphunga elimnandi kanye ne-flavour ehlanzekile. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezici ze isafroni lasendle, vakashela leli khasi.
Amadolobha anamasiko amakhulu eminyaka anjengeConsuegra, iCampo de Criptana, iManzanares neMotilla del Palancar, eCastilla-La Mancha, ayizimpawu zobuhle besafroni, Amahlelo Omsuka okuqinisekisa ubuqiniso kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo.
Izakhiwo kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo zesafron
I-Saffron ingaphezu kwe-condiment:
- Ucebile kuma-antioxidants njenge-crocin, enciphisa ukuguga kwamaselula.
- Uthanda i- uhlelo lokugaya, ivuselela isifiso sokudla futhi isiza ekulawuleni i-cholesterol.
- Kuye kwaboniswa lokho ukusebenza kahle ezimeni zokucindezeleka okuncane kanye nezimpawu zokukhathazeka, ukuqwasha nokucindezeleka, ukunikeza ezinye izindlela zemvelo emithini evamile.
- Own izakhiwo analgesic, ewusizo ngokumelene nobuhlungu bokuya esikhathini kanye nezilonda zomlomo ngokusebenzisa ama-rinse.
- Vikela i- impilo yeso ngenxa yevithamini C kanye nezinhlanganisela ezifana ne-safranal.
- Umsebenzi we-Neuroprotective: I-Crocetin ithuthukisa amakhono okuqonda futhi ingase ibe nezinzuzo ezifweni ze-neurodeergenerative.
- Imiphumela ye-Anticancer: Ama-flavonoid ayo kanye ne-beta-carotenes angasiza ukubambezela ukukhula kwesimila futhi avikele izinso.
- Izimonyo: Ikhuthaza ukugeleza kwesikhumba futhi isiza ukunciphisa amabala nemibimbi.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-safron eyiqiniso
Ngenxa yenani layo, kukhona ukukhwabanisa nokuphinga okuningi. I-safron ewumpuphu ingaxutshwa ne-turmeric, i-calendula, noma ezinye izinongo ezifanayo, ukwehlisa izinga layo kanye nenani. Ukuhlonza isafroni eyiqiniso:
- Iphunga lishubile futhi eyingqayizivele, kunzima ukudida.
- Izintambo eziyiqiniso zinde, zomile, ziyaguquguquka futhi zibomvu ngokugqamile, ngezinye izikhathi zinethiphu eliphuzi.
- Uma icwiliswa emanzini, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukukhulula umbala; i-tint iphuzi ngokusagolide, ayibomvu noma i-orange ejulile.
- Kungcono ukuthenga i-safron ngemicu, hhayi ngesimo sempushana.
I-Saffron kumasiko womhlaba kanye ne-gastronomy
I-Saffron iyisisekelo semikhosi kanye nezidlo ezidumile emasikweni amaningi:
- Ku I-Valencia paella I-Saffron iyisithako esibalulekile sombala wayo, ukunambitheka kanye nephunga.
- E-Iran, inikezwa itiye nesafron ne-cardamom njengophawu lokungenisa izihambi.
- E-India, kuvamile ukusetshenziswa i-safron paste emikhosini yenkolo futhi njengophawu lwenhlanhla.
- ESweden, zenziwa I-Santa Lucia Buns (Ikhekhe Lesafron) nesafroni ngoDisemba 13.
Ukubuyekezwa kabusha kwesafron kukhuthaze ukuvikelwa nokukhuthazwa kwayo ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano zabakhiqizi, iminyuziyamu ezinikele, imizila yezivakashi, nokuzibophezela kwezobuchwepheshe ekugcineni isiko nekhwalithi yaleli gugu lezolimo. I-Saffron, engakhathazwa ukuhamba kwesikhathi, iyaqhubeka nokuhlakulela abantu abayithandayo ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bayo, ukutholakala kwayo okungavamile, kanye nezindaba ezingapheli ezizungezile. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwalo okuwubukhazikhazi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwalo kwakudala kwezokwelapha nezimonyo, leli "golide elibomvu" lihlala liwuphawu lwesiko, impilo, kanye nobuhle. Ukugcina i-safron ekhaya kusho ukujabulela isithako esiyinganekwane, esikwazi ukuguqula noma yisiphi isidlo futhi ilethe ukuthintwa kwenganekwane nempilo yemvelo empilweni yansuku zonke.