Umkhiwane uyisihlahla sezithelo esaziswa kakhulu emazweni amaningi ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo kanye nobumnandi bezithelo zawo. Ukulinywa kwawo kulula, kodwa kudinga okuthile ukunakekelwa okuqondile ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuhle kwamakhiwane kanye nesitshalo esinempilo. Uma unentshisekelo yokuba nesihlahla somkhiwane ekhaya, kungaba sebhodweni noma engadini, lesi sihloko sichaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo izinyathelo zokunakekela ezibalulekile zokukhula okuqinile, okukhiqizayo.
Kusuka ku ukuchazwa kwelanga kusukela ekucheleni kuya ekutheneni nasekuvikeleni izinambuzane. Thola konke okudingayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlahla sakho sikunikeza isivuno esihle.
Izici zesihlahla somkhiwane
Isihlahla se-FIG (UFicus carica) isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo esingafinyelela phakathi kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-3 ukuphakama. Ungowomndeni wakwaMoraceae futhi udabuka endaweni yaseMedithera nasentshonalanga ye-Asia. Isiqu sawo simpunga ngombala futhi ukukhula kwawo kuyashesha eminyakeni yawo yokuqala.
- Kushiya: Inkulu ngosayizi, inamalobe amakwe kahle amathathu noma amahlanu kanye nokuthungwa okumaholo kancane.
- Izithelo: Aziwa ngokuthi amakhiwane futhi angahluka ngombala kusukela koluhlaza kuya konsomi ngokumnyama, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo.
- IzimbaliNakuba izimbali zayo zingabonakali ngaphandle, zingaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi i-syconum.
- Ukuphikiswa: Ibekezelela isomiso namazinga okushisa aphakeme kahle, nakuba ingalimala ngenxa yesithwathwa esinamandla.
Indawo kanye nokuchayeka elangeni
Ukuze uthuthuke kahle, isihlahla somkhiwane sidinga ilanga eligcwele. Lesi sihlahla sidinga okungenani amahora angu-6 welanga eliqondile ngosuku ukuze sikhiqize izithelo ezinhle. Ezimweni ezibandayo, kunconywa ukuyibeka endaweni evikelekile emoyeni naseqhweni sekwephuzile, njengoba amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu angalimaza amahlumela amasha.
Uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nomanyolo
Umkhiwane awufuni ngenkani umhlabathi futhi uyakwazi ukujwayela umhlabathi ompofu, kodwa ukhula kahle kakhulu kuwo inhlabathi evundile, ikhanyiswe kahle futhi inokuqukethwe okuhle kwe-organic. Kuyanconywa:
- Sebenzisa a inhlabathi ekhanyayo, enesihlabathi ukwenza ngcono amanzi.
- Faka Umanyolo we-organic njalo ngonyaka, kanye nomquba obole kahle noma umquba.
- Gwema inhlabathi enobumba kakhulu egcina umswakama omningi, ngoba ingakhuthaza ukubola kwezimpande.
Ukunisela okwanele
Ukunisela kubalulekile ekukhuleni komkhiwane, nakuba amanzi amaningi kufanele agwenywe. Kuyanconywa:
- Ukuchelela okulingene kodwa okungaguquki ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nesigaba sokuthela.
- Nciphisa ukuchelela ekwindla nasebusika, njengoba isihlahla singena e-dormancy.
- Ezindaweni ezinemvula encane, amanzi kanye ngesonto ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo.
Ukuthena umkhiwane
Ukuthena kubalulekile ekugcineni isihlahla esinempilo nesikhiqizayo. Kunconywa ukukwenza ebusika, lapho isihlahla silele. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuthena:
- Ukwakha izihlahla: Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala, amagatsha abuthakathaka ayasuswa ukuze aqondise isakhiwo sawo.
- Ukuthena kokukhiqiza: Kwenziwa ukukhuthaza ukuvela kwamahlumela amasha lapho amakhiwane azokhula khona.
- ukuthenwa kwesondlo: Kuqukethe ukususa amagatsha omile noma anesifo ukuthuthukisa ukungena komoya nokuvikela izinambuzane.
Izinambuzane nezifo ezivamile
Nakuba uqinile, isihlahla somkhiwane singahlaselwa izinambuzane nezifo. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- Isikali somkhiwane: Ibonakala ngokuba khona kwamachashaza ansundu emaqabunga kanye nokukhula kancane.
- umkhiwane fly: Ingalimaza izithelo ngaphambi kokuvuna.
- Izinkinga ze-fungal: Njenge-phytophotodermatitis, ebangela amabala emaqabunga ngenxa yokusabela kokukhanya kwelanga.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesihlahla somkhiwane
Ukusabalalisa umkhiwane kungenziwa ngembewu, ukusikwa noma ukubeka izingqimba. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukudlula ukusika, ezitshalwa entwasahlobo ukuze zimila ngokushesha. Ukwendlalela kungenziwa futhi ngokugoba igatsha futhi limbozwe kancane nomhlabathi kuze kube yilapho limila izimpande. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, ungabonisana indlela yokuxhunyelelwa umkhiwane.
Lesi sihlahla kulula ukusinakekela futhi sinikeza isithelo esimnandi ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okuncane. Ukulandela lezi zincomo ku ukuchazwa kwelanga, ukuchelela, ukuthena nokulawula izinambuzane, ungajabulela isihlahla somkhiwane esinempilo nesikhiqizayo engadini yakho noma ithala.
