Izici ze-botanical ze-Fraxinus ornus
El I-Fraxinus ornus, ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi umlotha oqhakazayo, isihlahla se-orno noma semana, singesomkhaya Mthoko futhi idabuka endaweni yaseMedithera, isuka eningizimu yeYurophu iye e-Asia Minor. Lesi sihlahla esinamaqabunga sibonakala ngosizo lwaso inkomishi ebanzi futhi eyindilinga, engafinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamamitha angu-8 no-15, nakuba ezindaweni ezikahle ingafinyelela ku-20. amagxolo abushelelezi futhi ampunga, ngokuya ngeminyaka.
I-Las amaqabunga Ziyinhlanganisela, ziyinqaba-ephina, anamapheshana ayisiyingi ayi-5 kuya ku-9 anamacele anamazinyo, aluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo phezulu futhi anobukhazikhazi obuncane ngaphansi. Ngesikhathi sekwindla, lesi sihlahla sibonisa a uhla lwamathoni egolide nabomvu ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa amaqabunga awo, enikeza ukukhanga okubonakalayo kwesizini.
La izimbali of Fraxinus ornus ingenye yezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu. Yakho izimbali ezimhlophe, ezinamakha, i-hermaphrodite avele aminyene i-terminal kanye ne-axillary panicles, okuhambisana nokuvela kwamaqabunga amasha. Anamacembe amane aqondile kanye nama-stamens amabili avelele. Lesi sitshalo saziswa kakhulu engadini yokuhlobisa ngobuhle baso nephunga elimnandi.
El isithelo isamara enamaphiko, side futhi imincane, imbewu yayo ihlakazwa kalula ngumoya. Ziphakathi kuka-2 no-2,5 cm ubude futhi ziphenduka zisuka koluhlaza okotshani zibe bomvu uma sezivuthiwe.
Indawo yemvelo nokusabalalisa
Lesi sihlahla sisatshalaliswa kakhulu phakathi izindawo ezisezintabeni nasemfuleni ukusuka esifundeni saseMedithera, ukusuka eSpain kuya eTurkey nasezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga ye-Asia. ENhlonhlweni yase-Iberia, kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ezifundazweni ezisempumalanga, ikakhulukazi i-Valencia ne-Murcia, ehlala emithambekeni enomthunzi, osebeni lwemifula, emihosheni, namahlathi asezintabeni aswakeme phakathi kwamamitha angu-200 kanye ne-1500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, isisakazekele naseziqiwini zasemadolobheni nasezingadini, lapho ukumelana kwayo nokubanda kanye nobuhle bayo bokuhlobisa kwaziswa. Njengengxenye yezitshalo zomdabu zezifunda ezithile, ifakwe phakathi kwezitshalo ezivikelwe emiphakathini embalwa ezimele.
Izimo ezikahle zokukhula
El I-Fraxinus ornus Igqama ngenxa ye-rusticity yayo nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene:
- Phansi: Ivumelana nenhlabathi ehlukahlukene, kusukela ku-calcareous kuya ku-siliceous, nakuba ithanda evundile, entsha, ejulile futhi evundile kahleIbekezelela ubukhona bezinto eziphilayo kanye nenhlabathi enamatshe, kodwa ayiphumeleli emhlabathini onamanzi noma owomile kakhulu.
- Umbukiso: Ingatshalwa kokubili ilanga eligcwele noma umthunzi omncaneUbukhazikhazi bayo obukhulu bubonakala ekukhanyeni okuchichimayo, okuthuthukisa ukuqhakaza, kodwa futhi bubekezelela izindawo ezinomthunzi othize.
- Isimo sezulu: Iqinile kakhulu emakhazeni, imelana nesithwathwa esinamandla (i-USDA Zone 7, yehle iye ku-15°C nangaphansi). Ikhetha isimo sezulu esipholile kunesomile, kodwa Ayikubekezeleli usawoti omhlabathi noma izindawo ezifudumele kakhulu. isikhathi eside.
- Umswakama: Idinga okuthile indawo ezungezile kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobusha nezinkathi ezifudumele.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo
La ukutshala Kungcono kakhulu ukwenziwa ekwindla noma ngasekupheleni kobusika ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukumila kwezimpande ngaphambi kokuba kuqale inkathi yokukhula. Kunconywa ukuthi umbe umgodi okungenani kabili ububanzi nokujula njengebhola lempande, uhlanganise inhlabathi ekhishwe nomquba noma umquba obole kahle, futhi uqinisekise ukugeleza okuhle ukuze ugweme ukugcwala kwamanzi. Qinisekisa umhlabathi ngobumnene lapho utshala futhi unisele kahle.
- Ukunisela: Kuyadingeka ukuchelela njalo Ukuze ugcine i-substrate imanzi kancane, ugweme amanzi amaningi. Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, ukuchelela kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Ebusika, nciphisa imvamisa kuye ngomswakama wemvelo.
- Obhalisile: Kulula ukufaka isandla izinto eziphilayo ekwindla kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukukhula okunamandla nokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi.
- Ukuthena: Ngokuvamile, ayidingi ukuthenwa okukhulu, ngaphandle kokukhipha amagatsha omile, awonakele, noma anesifo. Uma ufuna ukulawula usayizi noma ukuma kwe-canopy, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokulala, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi wenze kanjalo ngokulinganisela.
Ukuphindaphinda nokusabalalisa
El I-Fraxinus ornus Iphindaphinda ngokuyinhloko imbewu futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, ngokusika noma ama-suckers. ukuhluma kwembewu Ikhula kancane, ithatha isikhathi esingangonyaka, futhi ilungele ukutshala ekwindla ngemva kokuvuna. Ukutshala izitshalo ezindala kungaba nzima ngenxa yohlelo lwazo lwe-taproot, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi ukwenze lokho ngesikhathi se-dormancy nangokucophelela okukhulu.
Kungenzeka futhi umsebenzi kuma-nursery akhethekile ukuthola izinhlobo ezinezici ezithile.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa kanye nemvelo
El umlotha oqhakazayo ibaluleke ngani ukuqhakaza kwezimbali zokuhlobisa, umthunzi ominyene nokugcinwa kalulaIsetshenziswa njengesifanekiso esingasodwa ekubekweni kwemigwaqo emincane, amapaki asemadolobheni, nasezingadini ezincane neziphakathi. Ilungele ukugcinwa kwemithambeka kanye nokuzinza kwemithambeka ngenxa yesistimu yayo yezimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhuni lwayo beluvame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni izitsha, futhi amaqabunga ayo kanye nencindi yayo iye yaziswa ngenxa yezakhiwo zakho zokwelapha nezomsoco.
Eningizimu ye-Italy naseSicily, kukhona ukuxhashazwa kwe "mana", umkhiqizo onoshukela otholwe ngokusika amagxolo, osetshenziswa njengesithako esingokwemvelo somuthi. Kokubili ubisi namaqabunga kuye kwasetshenziswa emithini yesintu.
Kutuswa ukugwema ukutshala eduze kwezindawo zemvelo ezinomswakama lapho kungaziphatha ngendlela ehlaselayo, esikhundleni salokho kufake izinhlobo zemvelo zendawo ezifana Sambucus nigra.
Izinambuzane, izifo kanye nokugcinwa
I-Presenta ukumelana okuphezulu nezinambuzane nezifo ezivamileZibhekwa njengezihlahla ezinganakekelwa kahle inqobo nje uma umswakama wazo kanye nezidingo zokuchayeka zihlonishwa. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe isimo sabo esihle, ikakhulukazi ngokususa amagatsha afile noma awonakele.
Indlela yendabuko yokuthena ebizwa ngokuthi i-pollarding Sekusetshenziselwe ukuvuna izinkuni kanye nefolishi, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ochwepheshe ukuze kungalimazi isakhiwo sesihlahla noma ubungqabavu baso besikhathi eside.
Ubuhle kanye rusticity of the I-Fraxinus ornus Lokhu kukwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kuzo zombili izingadi zokuhlobisa kanye namaphrojekthi okubuyisela imvelo ezindaweni zabomdabu. Ikhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nenhlabathi ehlukahlukene, ukumelana nesithwathwa, nokunikeza izimbali ezinuka kamnandi liyenza igqame phakathi kwezihlahla ezivuthulukayo zesifunda saseMedithera.