Imephu yaseJapan (Acer palmatum) Ingenye yezitshalo ezifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezingadi nochwepheshe. Ivelele ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle nokuhle, ukuqina kwayo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nobuhle bamaqabunga ayo esundu, okwenza ibe indawo eyinhloko yezingadi, amavulandi, amathafa ngisho namavulandi. Ikhono layo lokubonisa imibala eshintshayo unyaka wonke, ukusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kokubomvu okujulile noma okunsomi ekwindla, kungenye yezici zayo ezigqamayo ezihlonishwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ibekezelela ukuthenwa kanye nempilo yebhodwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga, okwenza kube kuhle ezindaweni ezincane noma kulabo abafuna ukuqalisa ubuciko be-bonsai.
Imephu yaseJapan ihambe isuka emahlathini apholile ase-Japan naseNingizimu Korea ukuze ibe wuphawu lomhlaba wonke lomhlobiso. Ubuciko be-bonsai, obakhiwe e-China futhi bapheleliswa e-Japan, ngokwesiko bukhethe i-maple yaseJapane njengolunye lwezinhlobo ezithandwayo ngamahlamvu alo amangalisayo, amagxolo, kanye nokubunjwa kalula.
Uma uke wazibuza Yiziphi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zemephu yaseJapan nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani?Nawu umhlahlandlela oqondile. Futhi, uzothola ulwazi olusha mayelana nokuzala, izinhlobo, nazo zonke izici ezibalulekile ukuze ugcine imephu yakho ibukeka isizini nesizini.
Izici ze-Maple yaseJapane
El Imephu yaseJapan (Acer palmatum) Ingowomndeni wakwaSapindaceae futhi idabuka eJapan naseNingizimu Korea. Kuyisihlahla esinamaqabunga noma isihlahla esincane, okusho ukuthi silahlekelwa amaqabunga ekwindla. Ingafinyelela ubude obuphakathi nendawo 6 namamitha ayi-10, nakuba kunezinhlobonhlobo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ezingafinyelela ngisho Amamitha angu-15Uma ikhule ezimbizeni, ukukhula kwayo kuvinjelwe kakhulu futhi kuyaqabukela kudlule amamitha ama-3 noma ama-4.
Amaqabunga Ziyisici esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu semephu yaseJapan: i-palmate, enama-lobe acijile angu-5 kuya ku-9, anokulinganisa phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-4 no-10, futhi angashintsha umbala unyaka wonke. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngokuvamile ziba luhlaza, zibomvu, noma ziphuzi, futhi ekwindla, zithatha amathoni afudumele, agqamile, kusukela kokusawolintshi kuya kokunsomi noma okubomvu okujulile. Ukushintsha kombala kungenxa yokuwohloka kwe-chlorophyll kanye nokubukeka kwezingulube ezifana ne-carotenoids nama-anthocyanins, ahlinzeka ngama-hues ajwayelekile asekwindla.
La isakhiwo Ukuma kwesihlahla kuhlangene, kunomqhele oyisiyingi ongakha idome lokuhlobisa. Amagatsha avamise ukuba mncane futhi athe njo kancane, okwenza kube nokuzwakala kwe-ethereal ezingadini namavulandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinhlobo, amagxolo eziqwini athatha amathoni abomvu noma aphinki ekwindla noma ebusika, anikeze isithakazelo esingeziwe sokuhlobisa ngisho nangezikhathi zokulala.
I-Las flores Amaqabunga e-maple yaseJapane mancane futhi ngokuvamile awanakwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanga kwamaqabunga awo. Ivamise ukuba nombala omhlophe, ahlelwe ngama-cymes (ama-inflorescences lapho imbali ebulalayo ivuleka kuqala bese eminye ikhule ibheke eceleni), futhi ivele entwasahlobo, ivuleke. ama-samara noma izimbewu ezinamaphiko, ezihlakazwa umoya. Ukuziqoqa nokuzihlukanisa kubanda kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwandisa lesi sihlahla ngokocansi.
I-maple yaseJapane ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezipholile nezipholile., ikhetha amazinga okushisa aphezulu angaba ngu-30°C kanye nokumelana namazinga okushisa amancane angafinyelela ku--18°C (ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphansi ngisho nangaphezulu). Ayenzi kahle ehlobo elishisayo kakhulu nelomile ngokweqile, futhi ezimweni ezifudumele, idinga ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe elangeni kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Maple yaseJapane
Ngaphakathi kohlobo lwe-Acer, i imephu yaseJapan Igqama ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo ezincane nezimila ezikhona:
- I-Acer palmatum subsp. matsumurae: inamaqabunga amakhudlwana (afika ku-12 cm ububanzi) kanye nemiphetho ehlehlisiwe kabili. Itholakala eJapane ezindaweni eziphakeme.
- I-Acer palmatum subsp. i-palmatum: amaqabunga amancane (afika ku-7 cm ububanzi) anamamajini ahlelwe kabili. Ikhula ezindaweni eziphansi enkabeni naseningizimu yeJapan.
- I-Acer palmatum subsp. i-amoenum: Inamaqabunga afinyelela ku-10 cm ububanzi, anamamajini angama-serrated, futhi itholakala kokubili eJapane naseNingizimu Korea, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezintaba.
Kepha ama-cultivars, kukhona ukuhlukahluka okumangazayo: Zingaphezu kuka-1000 izinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukene zemephu yaseJapan ezibhalisiwe.I-cultivar ngayinye ihlukaniswa ngezici ezithile njengombala weqabunga nokuma, ukushuba kwemibala yawo yasekwindla, imikhuba yezitshalo, amandla, ubukhulu, ukuthungwa kwamagxolo, kanye nokubunjwa kalula kwebhonsai. Ama-cultivar ngokuvamile avela ekuguqulweni kwemvelo noma ekukhethweni okwenziwayo, futhi ngokuvamile akhiqizwa kabusha ngokuxhunyelelwa ukuze kugcinwe izici zawo, njengoba ama-specimens atshalwe embewini angabonisa ukuhlukahluka okukhulu.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa
Eminye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ezitholakala kalula kuma-nursery yilezi:
- I-Atropurpureum: Elinye lamabalazwe abomvu aziwa kakhulu, anamaqabunga ahluka ukusuka kokubomvu okujulile entwasahlobo, oluhlaza okotshani ehlobo, nobomvu ekwindla.
- I-Bloodgood: Ithuthukisiwe kwedlule; ukumelana nokushisa, kugcina i-garnet ibomvu isikhathi eside.
- Uvemvane: amaqabunga aluhlaza anemiphetho emhlophe noma ebomvana, ikakhulukazi ehlobisa entwasahlobo.
- Ukususwa kwamaqabunga: amaqabunga amancane, abomvu agqamile entwasahlobo, alungele i-bonsai.
- I-Dissectum: Amaqabunga ahlanjululwe kahle, afana ne-lace; ukubukeka okukhalayo kanye nokwakheka kwe-cascading ekahle kumachibi nama-rockeries.
- I-Katsura: umbala ophuzi noluhlaza onamachashazi awolintshi entwasahlobo, ophenduka ube owolintshi kakhulu ekwindla.
- INkosazana Encane: izinhlobonhlobo ezincane (<2 m), zilungele amabhodwe nezikhala ezincane.
- Osakazuki: Igqama ngombala wayo obomvu obabazekayo ekwindla kanye nosayizi wesiqu esikhulu.
- I-Sango Kaku: Amaqabunga aluhlaza aphenduka abomvu-pink ekwindla; amagxolo amagatsha amancane abomvu futhi ahlobisa kakhulu ebusika.
- I-Seiryu: i-maple ehlukile ehlakazwe kahle ene-bearing eqondile kanye noshintsho lombala ube obomvu-owolintshi ekwindla.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izinketho eziningi, njengokuthi 'Iphupho Eliwolintshi', 'Shaina', 'Beni Maiko', 'Bi Hoo', 'Trompenburg', 'Garnet' kanye 'Neleyisi Emerald', ngayinye inombala wayo, umumo nosayizi.
Izimo Zemvelo kanye Nendawo Efanelekile
Ukuze imephu yaseJapan ichume futhi ibonise ubuhle bayo obugcwele, kubalulekile ukuphinda udale izimo zayo ezinhle:
- Ukukhanya: Idinga ukukhanya okuningi, kodwa hhayi ilanga eliqondile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku. Ezimweni ezipholile noma ehlobo elipholile, ingabekezelela ilanga eliningi, inqobo nje uma umswakama osendaweni uphezulu.
- Umoya: Kuyafaneleka ukuyivikela emimoyeni enamandla, eyomile, engakwazi ukukhipha amanzi futhi ilimaze amaqabunga ayo.
- Umswakama: Incamela izindawo ezinomswakama, ngakho izochuma kahle eduze kwamachibi, imithombo noma ezindaweni lapho umswakama ohlobene ungehli ngaphansi kuka-50%.
- Ithempelesha: Ivumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ayikubekezeleli isithwathwa esinamandla, isikhathi eside noma amagagasi okushisa amakhulu. Isimo sezulu esifudumele, sidinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe (umthunzi oyingxenye, ukuchelela okuvamile, ukuvikelwa kwezimpande).
Ungatshala kanjani futhi ukhulise i-maple yaseJapan
ukukhetha indawo
I-maple yaseJapane iyahlukahluka futhi ingakhula kokubili enhlabathini yasengadini namabhodwe. Ukukhetha kuncike esikhaleni esitholakalayo kanye nomphumela wokuhlobisa oyifunayo.
- Engadini: Khetha indawo evikelekile elangeni lasemini nasemoyeni, kahle ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinkulu ezinikeza umthunzi ohlungiwe.
- Ebhodweni/ethala: Thola indawo ekhanyayo kodwa engavezwanga ngokuqondile, ikakhulukazi phakathi namahora okukhanya kwelanga aphakeme kakhulu. Uma ukhulela endlini, ukungena komoya okuhle kakhulu nokukhanya okuphezulu kubalulekile, nakuba ukukhula kwangaphandle kuhlala kulungile.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ne-substrate
- Engadini: idinga i-acidic noma i-acidic substrate kancane (pH phakathi kuka-4,5 no-6,5). Umhlabathi kufanele ube ovundile, omusha, okhishwe kahle, futhi ube nezinto eziningi eziphilayo.
- Uma unenhlabathi ene-calcareous, hlanganisa izinto eziphilayo (amaqabunga, i-peat e-blond, umquba, amagxolo kaphayini) futhi ulungise i-pH ngokufaka i-iron sulfate noma i-iron chelates ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukwengeza izinaliti zikaphayini njalo kusiza ukugcina i-pH iphansi futhi kunikeza imisoco.
- Ebhodweni: I-substrate kufanele yakhelwe ngokukhethekile izitshalo ze-acidophilic noma ingxube ye-akadama ne-kiryuzuna (70% -30%), elungele ukugcina izimpande zinomoya futhi zivimbele ukuhlangana. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokungenisa umoya, okuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izifo kanye nokuphefumula kwezimpande.
Ukutshala kabusha nokutshala
- Isizini yokufakelwa: Izikhathi ezingcono kakhulu zokutshala noma ukufakelwa kabusha i-maple yaseJapane ekwindla (lapho umsebenzi wezitshalo unciphisa) nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga amasha.
- Inqubo engadini: Yimba umgodi obanzi, ojulile, faka umoya emhlabathini kahle, hlanganisa izinto eziphilayo, futhi, uma kunesidingo, wengeze inhlabathi ene-asidi phansi. Beka impande yezimpande ezingeni lomhlabathi bese uyigcwalisa, uyicindezele kancane. Nisela kahle emva kokutshala.
- Ebhodweni: Khetha isitsha esikhulu esinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi kanye nesisekelo setshe noma ubumba olunwetshiwe. Phinda njalo eminyakeni emibili ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, esikhundleni se-substrate futhi ukhulise usayizi webhodwe uma izimpande zidinga.
Ukunisela
I-maple yaseJapane idinga inhlabathi emanzi kodwa engenamanziEzimweni zezulu ezinemvula evamile, ayifuni kakhulu, kodwa uma ihlobo lomile, lidinga ukuchelela njalo:
- Engadini: Nisela izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto (ngaphezu kwamagagasi okushisa), uqinisekise ukuthi amanzi angena kahle. Gwema ama-puddles, njengoba izimpande zihlushwa umswakama oweqile njalo.
- Ebhodweni: Nisela izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 ngeviki ngesikhathi esifudumele futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ebusika. Sebenzisa amanzi emvula noma amanzi ane-asidi (ungangeza amaconsi ambalwa kalamula ilitha ngalinye lamanzi) ukuze ugweme i-chlorosis.
- Amanzi kufanele angabi ne-calcium futhi okungcono abe ekamelweni lokushisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukushaqeka okushisayo ezimpandeni.
Umbhalisile
Ukuvundisa kuyisihluthulelo Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imephu yaseJapan igcina ukukhula okunamandla kanye nombala wamaqabunga oqinile, okulandelayo kuyanconywa:
- Vundisa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo ngomanyolo othize wezitshalo ezithanda i-asidi.
- Ekwindla, uma isimo sezulu sithambile, kungenziwa umnikelo owengeziwe womanyolo wezinto eziphilayo.
- Shintshanisa nomanyolo obuwuketshezi obuphilayo obufana ne-guano, umquba owuketshezi, umquba wezikelemu, noma okukhishwe kwezimila zasolwandle ukuze uqinise i-microbiota ye-substrate.
- Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi mayelana nomthamo kanye nemvamisa ukuze ugweme ukuvundisa ngokweqile, okungalimaza izimpande noma kubangele ukukhula okungalawuleki.
Ukuthena nokubumba imephu yaseJapane
La ukuthena yemephu yaseJapan ibalulekile ukulawula usayizi nokuma kwayo futhi ukuyigcina inempilo:
- Isikhathi sokuthena: ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, ebusika, noma ngaphambi nje kokuqala kokuhluma kwentwasahlobo.
- Imaphi amagatsha okufanele asuswe: Noma yiziphi eziphambanayo, ezibuthakathaka, ezigulayo, noma ezinde kakhulu kufanele zisuswe. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukususa noma yikuphi okuphazamisa umumo oyifunayo noma okufaka isandla ekubukekeni okungalingani.
- Ku-bonsai, ukuthena kuyakhetha futhi kuvame ukuvela, kufunwa ukubumba isihlahla ngokwezitayela zaseJapan zakudala.
Ithiphu: Sebenzisa izikele ezihlanzekile, ezifakwe isibulala-magciwane ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo. Ukusikwa kufanele kuhlanzeke, futhi okukhudlwana kufanele kufakwe uphawu lokuphulukisa ukuvikela isihlahla.
Izinambuzane Nezifo ze-Maple yaseJapane
Nakuba i-maple yaseJapane ngokuvamile iqinile, ngezinye izikhathi ingase ihlaselwe izinambuzane nezifo:
- ICottony mealybug: Yakha amakoloni ngaphansi kwamaqabunga neziqu. Kuphawulwa ngokwakhiwa kwezixuku ezincane, ezimhlophe, ezikotini.
- Izibungu (isicabucabu esibomvu): okuvame kakhulu ukushisa nokoma, kubangela ukushintsha kombala kanye nokuwa kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- I-Aphid: Kuthinta amahlumela namahlamvu amancane, ukuwakhubaza futhi kukhiphe amazolo.
- Amakhowe: ikakhulukazi yohlobo I-Phytophthora, ingahlasela izimpande uma i-substrate igcwele amanzi, okubangela ukubola noma ukubola kwesiqu.
para vimbela futhi welaphe lezi zinkinga:
- Gwema ukugcwala kwamanzi, hlola umswakama we-substrate ngaphambi kokuchelela.
- Gcina umswakama we-ambient ngokubeka iziqukathi zamanzi eduze kwesitshalo.
- Yenza ukwelapha okuvimbelayo ngezibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo, njengamafutha e-neem noma amalungiselelo e-nettle kanye nesweli.
- Uma uhlaselwa kakhulu, sebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile (i-Chlorpyrifos noma i-Imidacloprid ye-mealybugs/aphid). Ukuze uthole isikhunta, gcoba isibulala-sikhunta esibanzi futhi unciphise ukuchelela.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Maple yaseJapane
Ukuphindaphinda imephu yaseJapan kungenzeka nge imbewu, ukusikwa, ukubeka umoya noma ukuxhunyelelwaIndlela ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nezinga lobunzima.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngezimbewu
- Vuna ama-samara ekwindla lapho esevuthiwe futhi omile.
- Yenza i- i-stratification ebandayoFaka imbewu ehlanzekile, eyomile esitsheni se-Tupperware esine-vermiculite emanzi bese uyigcina ku-6-7°C esiqandisini izinyanga ezintathu. Zisuse masonto onke ukuze zikhiphe umoya.
- Ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-stratification, hlwanyela imbewu ngaphandle kwamabhodwe ane-substrate emanzi, ene-asidi, evikelekile elangeni eliqondile.
- Zihluma ezinyangeni ezi-1-2 uma umswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa lihlala njalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngama-cuttings
- Khetha amagatsha amancane, anempilo okungenani ama-2 cm ubukhulu kanye nama-40-50 cm ubude.
- Sika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, manzisa isisekelo futhi usebenzise ama-hormone e-rooting.
- Tshala ku-substrate ene-porous futhi uyigcine imanzi (ingalokothi igcwale amanzi). Ama-cuttings ngokuvamile anezimpande ezinyangeni ezingu-5-6.
Ukuzaliswa ngokubeka umoya
- Khetha igatsha elinempilo, susa indandatho yamagxolo (cishe u-10 cm), umanzise futhi uyicwilise ngama-hormone e-rooting.
- Mboza indawo nge-acid substrate kanye nesikhwama esiboshwe kuzo zombili iziphetho.
- Nisela njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngesirinji. Izimpande zizovela ezinyangeni ezi-4-6, lapho usika bese utshala isitshalo esisha.
Ukuzaliswa ngokuxhunyelelwa
- Sebenzisa izimpande eziqinile ze I-Acer palmatum namagatsha amancane ohlobo olufunwayo.
- Yenza ukusika okujulile ku-rootstock entwasahlobo, faka igatsha bese ugoqa nge-tape ekhethekile yokuxhunyelelwa.
- Amahlumela amasha azokhombisa impumelelo ezinyangeni ezingama-2-4. Susa noma yimaphi amaqabunga aphuma esiphunzini, ushiye amaqabunga e-scion kuphela.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye Nevelu Yokuhlobisa Yemephu YaseJapane
I-maple yaseJapane i Esinye sezihlahla ezimangalisa kakhulu izingadi, amapaki, ama-patios namathafaAmaqabunga awo, amagatsha, namagxolo asetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezwe kanye nokuhlobisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Kuyisici esivamile ezingadini zaseJapane (momiji), kanye nasezingadini zesimanje nezincane kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Usayizi wayo ohlangene, ukukhula okumaphakathi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamafomethi atholakalayo (kusuka emifanekisweni emincane ukuya ezihlahleni ezinde) kuyenza ibe inketho ekhethwayo kubo bobabili ochwepheshe nabaqalayo kwezokuhlobisa izingadi.
Njengo bonsaiImephu yaseJapan ingenye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu, okufanele ube nazo kunoma yiliphi iqoqo ngenxa yamahlamvu alo anemibala, ukubunjwa okulula, nokuma kwegatsha okuntekenteke. Ukuyikhulisa emabhodweni kuvumela ama-patio, ama-balcony, namathala ukuthi ahlotshiswe ngezibonelo ezihlukile amashumi eminyaka.
Iminikelo ezilwaneniAma-maple aseJapane aheha izinyoni ezinjenge- goldfinches, ezihlala emagatsheni azo, nezinambuzane ezincane eziwusizo engadini. Imbewu iphinde isebenze njengokudla ekwindla kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa: Amagatsha awo namagxolo kungasetshenziselwa ukuhlelwa kwezimbali kanye nokuhlelwa okomile, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okungavamile nemibala eshintshayo unyaka wonke.
Nakuba ukuyikhulisa eMedithera noma ezindaweni ezifudumele kubangela izinselele ezifana nokugwema ukubola, ukukhetha izinhlobo ezimelana nokumelana, ukuchelela njalo, nokusebenzisa izimboza zemvelo kusiza ukunqoba lezi zinselele. Ngenxa yezinketho zaso eziningi zokulinywa, noma yimuphi umthandi wezingadi angajabulela isipiliyoni sokubuka lesi sihlahla esikhethekile sikhula futhi sishintsha, kungaba sebhodweni elincane noma njengendawo eyinhloko engadini yabo.
