Gcwalisa I-Opuntia Care and Species Guide: I-Cactus Eguquguquka Kakhulu Yengadi Yakho

Ezweni elithakazelisayo lezitshalo ezinamanzi amaningi, zimbalwa izinhlobo ezihlanganisa izinto eziningi kangaka amandla, ukuguquguquka kanye nobuhle njenge I-OpuntiaLolu hlobo lwe-cactus oluyisakhiwo sodumo lwaziwa ngekhono lalo elimangalisayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezomile kakhulu, ukuqhakaza kwawo okumangalisayo, kanye nokuba usizo kwezithelo zawo, ezaziswa ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo kanye nezakhiwo zazo ezinomsoco nezokwelapha. Ziphinde ziza ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ubujamo, nemibala, zikunikeza izinketho eziningi zokuhlobisa nokusebenzisa ikhaya lakho noma ingadi.

I-Opuntia, eyaziwa nangokuthi amapheya ama-prickly, ama-nopales, noma ama-chumberas, adabuka emazweni aseMelika, nakuba abe ngokwemvelo ezindaweni eziningi ezomile nezaseMedithera emhlabeni. Baye baba isici isici sezwe ezindaweni eziningi, sibonga hardiness yabo kanye umlingiswa Ornamental.

Ngaphezu kokumelana kwabo, u-Opuntia ugqama kwezabo ukulima okulula, okubenza balungele kokubili abalimi abanolwazi nalabo abasanda kuqala ukunakekelwa kwe-cacti nama-succulents. Uma ufuna isitshalo esingahlobisa ingadi yakho, simelane nesomiso, futhi sikunikeze izithelo ezidliwayo, i-Opuntia iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Ngezansi, sinikeza okukhethiwe umhlahlandlela ophelele no:

• I-Las izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu kanye nezici zabo.
• Ukunakekelwa kwayo okubalulekile, okulungiselwe ukukhula emabhodweni nasengadini.
• Amathiphu okukhiqiza, ukuvimbela izinambuzane, nokulawula izifo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo ezinikezwa yilezi zitshalo eziyingqayizivele.

Izici ezijwayelekile ze-Opuntia

Ubulili I-Opuntia kungokokomndeni wakwa Cactaceae futhi ihlanganisa okunye Izinhlobo ezingama-300 ezahlukene. Babonakala kalula ngabo izingxenye eziyisicaba, ezinenyama, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ama-cladodes" noma ama-nopales, enza imisebenzi efana namaqabunga. Kulezi zigaba kuvela ama-areoles, ama-protuberances amancane lapho kuhluma khona imigogodla (enobude obuhlukahlukene), kanye nama-glochid amancane, ama-spines, ahlabayo angacasula kakhulu.

Emvelweni, i-Opuntia ingenzeka njengezihlahla noma izihlahla ezincane, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelele kumamitha ambalwa ukuphakama. Izimbali zayo ezinkulu, ezibukwayo ziyahlukahluka ngemibala ukusuka kokuphuzi kuya kokubomvu, okuwolintshi, okuphinki, nokumhlophe kwezinye izinhlobo. Izithelo, ezaziwa ngokuthi amapheya aluhlaza, ama-tuna noma ama-tuna, ziyadliwa futhi zigqama ngokunambitheka kwazo okumnandi nezakhi zomsoco.

• Indabuko yaseMelika, kepha ijwayele izimo zezulu ezihlukene ezomile neziyizindawo ezinogwadule emhlabeni jikelele.
• Iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngisho nesithwathwa esisesilinganisweni uma inhlabathi yomile.
• Izingxenye zayo zigcina amanzi futhi zinikeza isivikelo ezimweni ezimbi zemvelo.
• Zikhiqiza izimbali ezinkulu ezinemibala eminingi.
• Izithelo zayo zibaluleke kakhulu ku-gastronomy kanye nemithi yendabuko.
• Ezinye izinhlobo azinawo ama-spines noma ama-glochid, okwenza kube lula ukuwaphatha nokuwadla.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Opuntia

Ukuhlukahluka nokusabalalisa okubanzi kohlobo kusho ukuthi kunezinhlobo ze-Opuntia zokunambitheka nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Nazi eziphawuleka kakhulu:

I-Opuntia ficus-indica (Ipheya eli-Prickly, eli-prickly, i-cactus)

Iwuhlobo lwezolimo olwaziwayo futhi olubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba idabuka eMexico, itshalwa ngenxa yezithelo zayo (amapheya anamapheya noma amapheya), ezidliwa zisanda kuzalwa noma emikhiqizweni egayiwe njengamajusi, ojamu noswidi. Ingadlula Amamitha ayi-3 ukuphakamaIzingxenye zayo eziluhlaza zifinyelela ku-15 cm ubude futhi zinemigogodla emide emaphakathi eceleni kwemifushane, emincane. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza siyamangaza, sinezimbali eziphuzi, eziwolintshi, noma ezibomvu ezingafika ku-5 cm ububanzi, zilandelwe izithelo ezinoshukela, ezinoju. Ivumelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi, inqobo nje uma idonsa kahle.

I-Opuntia littoralis

Itholakala eMexico nasezindaweni ezisogwini lwaseCalifornia, lolu hlobo lukhula luze lufike ku-1 mitha ubude futhi lunezigaba ezifinyelela ku-30 ​​cm. Iphawuleka ngemigogodla yayo emide, efinyelela ku-1 cm ubude, nezimbali zayo eziphuzi ezinezisekelo ezibomvu, ezingaba ngu-7,5 cm. Usayizi wayo ohlangene kanye nokuqina kwayo kuyenza ilungele izingadi zamadwala namaqoqo amnandi.

I-Opuntia microdasys (Nopalillo, i-angel wings)

Ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlobiseni, i Ama-microdasys we-Opuntia Ivela eMexico futhi ibonakala ngezingxenye zayo ezincane, cishe ngo-10 x 5-6 cm, embozwe ngama-glochid amhlophe noma egolide, ayenza ibe nokubukeka okuthambile nokuthambile. Nakuba ameva ayo eyivelakancane noma engekho kwezinye izinhlobo, ama-microthorn ayo acasula kakhulu. Yakha izihlahla ezinamagatsha kuze kufike kumitha elingu-1 futhi ikhiqize izimbali eziphuzi ehlobo. Iyakwazi ukumelana nesomiso futhi ingatshalwa ezimbizeni noma endlini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezingenameva, njenge I-Opuntia microdasys 'Pallida', zisetshenziswa endlini nasezingadini ezinezingane noma ezifuywayo.

opuntia monacantha

Ngokukhula okuqinile, i opuntia monacantha Ingakhula ibe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6 endaweni yayo yemvelo eBrazil, Argentina, Paraguay, nase-Uruguay. Izingxenye zayo ezingama-20-25 cm zibonisa umgogodla owodwa noma emibili emide nge-areole ngayinye, futhi izimbali zayo ezibomvu noma eziphuzi zifinyelela ku-8 cm ububanzi. Izithelo zayo nama-cladode ayadliwa futhi anomsoco.

I-Opuntia ovata

Indabuko yaseMexico, lolu hlobo oluhlangene lukhula luze lufike ku-1,5 amamitha ubude. Inamasegimenti aluhlaza, amise okweqanda futhi inamaqolo afinyelela ku-2 cm ubude. Izimbali zayo, ezinemibala ephuzi noma ewolintshi, zengeza ubuhle nombala ezingadini nasezitsheni ezifundeni ezihlukene.

I-Opuntia tomentosa

Ikhula njengesihlahla esingaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 ubude, sinezigaba ezifika ku-30 ​​cm ubude, zimbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezivikela isitshalo elangeni nasekuphelelweni kwamanzi emzimbeni. Izimbali zayo ezingaba ngu-5 cm zingaba bomvu, ziwolintshi noma zibe phuzi. Ibuye isetshenziswe ezitshalweni zokuhlobisa kanye nemithi yendabuko ezindaweni eziningana.

Ezinye izinhlobo eziphawulekayo

• Opuntia santa-rita (Duraznilla): Ngamasegimenti ayindilinga nemibala ensomi ebusika, ephelezelwa izimbali eziphuzi. Imelana nesithwathwa futhi ihlobisa kakhulu.
• Opuntia robusta: Isitshalo esikhulu, esinezithelo ezinkulu futhi esibaluleke kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwezitshalo.
• I-Opuntia macrocentra: Ifaka amasegimenti anombala onsomi kanye nemigogodla emide. Ilungele amaqoqo.
• I-Opuntia polyacantha: Inameva kakhulu, iwusizo njengesivikelo semvelo ezingadini.
• Ezinye izinhlobo: I-Opuntia leucotricha, opuntia rufida, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia gosseliniana nokuningi, ukwandisa ububanzi bezinketho nokusetshenziswa.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Opuntia: Umhlahlandlela ophelele kanye namathiphu athuthukile

Ukuthandwa kwe-Opuntia akubangelwa nje kuphela ubuhle nokumelana kwayo, kodwa futhi ngenxa yayo ukugcinwa okuphansi kanye nekhono lokukhula uma izici ezithile ezibalulekile zihlonishwa futhi kulandelwa iseluleko esikhethekile ukuze kwandiswe impilo yabo nokuphila isikhathi eside.

1. Ukukhanya nendawo efanelekile

• ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile: Adinga ukuchayeka elangeni ngokugcwele okungenani amahora angu-6-8 ngosuku. Ngaphandle, khetha izindawo ezivulekile; ngaphakathi endlini, uwabeke eduze kwamafasitela abheke eningizimu ukuze uqinisekise ukukhanya okukhulu. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka Indlela yokwenza i-cacti ikhule ngokushesha.
• Semi-shade ezindaweni ezimbi kakhuluEzifundeni ezishisa kakhulu, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ziyakujabulela ukuvikeleka phakathi namahora ashisa kakhulu ukuze zigweme ukushiswa yilanga. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, ukungena komoya okuhle kusiza ukuvimbela izifo. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kubangela ukukhula okubuthakathaka, ukulahlekelwa umbala, nokuncipha kwezimbali.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Umhlahlandlela ophelele nobuyekeziwe wokukhulisa i-Opuntia microdasys: ukunakekelwa, izinkinga, ukukhiqiza nokunye

2. I-substrate kanye ne-drainage

• I-drainage enhle kakhulu: Sebenzisa ama-substrates anembobo kakhulu futhi ane-aerated, njengezingxube ze-peat emnyama, i-perlite, isihlabathi esimahhadla, kanye netshe. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uxhumane nezinsiza Ungawalungisa kanjani ama-substrates aqinile e-cacti ukuthola imiphumela emihle.
• Emabhodweni, qiniseka ukuthi anezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi futhi ubeke ungqimba lwamatshe noma ubumba olunwetshiwe phansi.
• Umhlabathi opholile kanye nompofu awuyona inkinga uma udonsa kahle. Thuthukisa ukuthungwa ngokungeza isihlabathi se-silica kanye nomquba ovuthiwe emhlabathini osindayo.
• I-substrate kufanele yome ngokuphelele phakathi kokunisela.

3. Ukunisela ngendlela efanele

• Ukunisela okulingene: Kuphela uma i-substrate yomile kahle. Ehlobo, amanzi kanye noma kabili ngesonto; ebusika, isikhala out ukuchelela ngaphezulu noma ukumisa it. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, bheka Ungayikhulisa kanjani i-cacti yakho ngokushesha.
• Ungamanzisi ama-cladode: Ngaso sonke isikhathi phuzisa ku-substrate futhi ugweme ukumanzisa izingxenye ukuze uvimbele ukhunta nokubola.
• Amanzi amaningi adala ukubola futhi angabulala isitshalo.

4. Izinga lokushisa kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu

• Zikhetha amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-20 no-30 ºC ukuze zikhule kahle.
• Zibekezelela isithwathwa esisesilinganisweni, esinye sifike ku -8 ºC, uma inhlabathi yomile.
• Ebusika obubandayo, hambisa amabhodwe endlini noma usebenzise inetha kanye nesembozo semboza semboza semboza semboza semboza ukuze uvikeleke.
• Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, vakashela ukunakekela i-cacti enkulu.

5. Obhalisile

• Sebenzisa umanyolo othize we-cacti nama-succulents, ocebile nge-potassium ne-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ephansi, entwasahlobo nasehlobo njalo emavikini angu-4-6.
• Umanyolo we-organic, njengokuphonsa kwezikelemu, usiza ekukhuthazeni ukukhula nokuqhakaza.
• Faka isicelo kuphela uma i-substrate imanzi ukuze ugweme ukuvutha kwezimpande.

6. Ukufakelwa kabusha

1. Phinda njalo eminyakeni engu-1-2, lapho izimpande zigcwalisa yonke imbiza futhi zibonakala.
2. Bamba ngamagilavu ​​awugqinsi noma ama-tweezers ukugwema ukulimala emeva noma i-glochidia.
3. Sebenzisa i-substrate entsha, enezimbotshana, enesisekelo setshe noma idwala lentaba-mlilo ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi.
4. Kunconywa ukuthi ulinde amahora angama-24-48 ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha ngaphambi kokunisela, ukuvumela izilonda ukuthi ziphole.

7. Ukuthena

• Ukuthena kuyakhethwa futhi kunconywa kuphela ukususa izingxenye ezilimele noma ezinezifo noma ukulawula usayizi.
• Sika ngamathuluzi okubulala amagciwane entwasahlobo noma ehlobo.

8. Amathiphu engeziwe okukhula kwangaphakathi

• Beka isitshalo ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphezulu, eduze kwamafasitela amakhulu noma ngokukhanyisa okwenziwa.
• Gcina umswakama omncane ukuze uvimbele isikhunta nezinambuzane.
• Gwema ukubeka eduze kwemithombo yokushisa noma isimo somoya.

Izimbali nokunakekelwa okukhethekile

Izimbali ze-Opuntia zivame ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo nasehlobo, zikhiqize izimbali ezinkulu, ezimibalabala ngemibala ehlukahlukene ephuzi, ebomvu, ewolintshi, ephinki, noma emhlophe, kuye ngohlobo. Ukukhuthaza ukuqhakaza:

• Inikeza ukukhanya kwelanga okuchichimayo.
• Lawula ukuchelela ukuze ugweme ukweqisa.
• Sebenzisa umanyolo ocebile nge-potassium ngasekupheleni kwebusika nasentwasahlobo.

Ngemva kokuqhakaza, izithelo ezidliwayo ziyavela, zinikeza imibala nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Izinambuzane ezivamile nezifo e-Opuntia

Nakuba ziyizitshalo eziqinile, i-Opuntia ingathinteka ezinye izinambuzane nezifo. Kubalulekile ukuzibona kusenesikhathi futhi usebenzise ukwelashwa okufanele:

• Ama-Mealybugs: Izinambuzane ezivamile ezibonakala njengamachashaza amhlophe noma ama-cottony. Zidla ubisi, buthaka isitshalo. Ziqede ngamafutha kapharafini, insipho ebulala izinambuzane, noma utshwala be-isopropyl obufakwe ngeswabhu kakotini. Hlola izindawo ezifihliwe nama-axil wezigaba.
• Isicabucabu esibomvu: Iphila kahle ezindaweni ezomile, ezishisayo, ibangele ukushintsha kombala futhi ibe buthakathaka. Khulisa umswakama futhi usebenzise ama-acaricides athile.
• I-anthracnose nesikhunta: Anamabala amnyama acwile. Benza ngcono ngama-fungicides kanye nomoya omuhle.
• igciwane le-mosaic: Ukukhiqizwa kwamaphethini we-mosaic ezigabeni. Alikho ikhambi, ngakho-ke izibonelo ezithintekile kufanele zisuswe futhi zibhujiswe.
• Ukubola (Phytophthora nokunye okufanayo): Okuhlobene namanzi amaningi. Babangela ukuthamba nokuba mnyama. Susa izindawo ezilimele, bulala amagciwane, bese utshala kabusha izingxenye ezinempilo ngemva kokuphulukiswa.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Opuntia

Zisakazwa kalula ngembewu noma ukusikwa. Nazi izinyathelo zendlela ngayinye:

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngezimbewu

1. Qoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe ehlobo noma ekwindla, ukhiphe imbewu.
2. Geza imbewu ukuze ususe noma iyiphi i-pulp esele futhi uyeke yome.
3. Gcoba ngobumnene ngefayela elihle ukuze kube lula ukuhluma.
4. Hlwanyela ku-substrate enezimbotshana ezimbizeni ezinembewu engu-3-5 esitsheni ngasinye.
5. Beka endaweni ekhanyayo futhi ugcine i-substrate imanzi kancane.
6. Ukuhluma kuvame ukuthatha phakathi kwamaviki ama-1 nama-3.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngama-cuttings

1. Khetha izingxenye ezinempilo entwasahlobo noma ehlobo bese uzisika ngensingo ehlanzekile, engenamagciwane.
2. Vumela ama-cuttings ome emthunzini izinsuku ezingu-5-7.
3. Tshala izingxenye endaweni egeleza kahle, enesihlabathi, endaweni eqondile.
4. Gcina endaweni ekhanyayo, ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga, kuze kube yilapho izimpande (izinsuku ezingu-10-15), bese kancane kancane zijwayele ilanga.

Indlela yokusika iyashesha futhi iqinisekisa ukuzala kabusha kwesitshalo sikamama.

Ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo ze-Opuntia

I-Opuntia inikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezindaweni ezahlukene:

• Ezokuhlobisa: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingadini ezomile, ama-rockeries, izingadi eziqondile kanye namaqoqo e-botanical, ngenxa yokuma kwazo, izimbali nezithelo ezimibalabala.
• I-GastronomicIzithelo, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-tunas noma amapheya ama-prickly, zidliwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ezintsha, kujusi, ujamu, amasaladi, noma njengendlela yokuhlobisa. Ama-cladode amancane, abizwa ngokuthi ama-nopales, athandwa kakhulu e-Mexican cuisine nakwamanye amazwe.
• OkunesondloZiwumthombo we-fiber, amavithamini A, B, no-C, amaminerali afana ne-magnesium, i-potassium, ne-phosphorus, nama-antioxidants. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kusiza ukulawula ushukela wegazi ne-cholesterol.
• Umuthi wendabuko: Asetshenziswa kuma-poultices, amakhambi emvelo okuqeda ukuvuvukala, izilonda noma izinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
• Ukuvikelwa kanye nothangoNgenxa yameva nokuminyana kwawo, akha imigoqo ephilayo neyemvelo yokuhlukanisa izakhiwo noma ukuvikela izitshalo.
• I-valor ecologicalZimunca i-CO2, zikhulule umoya-mpilo futhi zithuthukise izinga lomoya, futhi zisebenze njengendawo yokuhlala nokudla kwezilwane zendawo.
• ukusetshenziswa kwendabukoKwezinye izifunda, izingxenye zabo zisetshenziswe kumathuluzi ezolimo angajwayelekile noma ezokuthutha.

Ukutshala ama-Opuntia ekhaya noma engadini kuyindlela enhle kakhulu kulabo abafuna izitshalo eziqinile, zokuhlobisa, neziwusizo. Ziphinde zibe negalelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusimama, ukukhuthaza indawo enempilo futhi enokulinganisela. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunaka izici ezithile zohlobo ngalunye, ama-specimens akho e-Opuntia azokhula kahle futhi akunikeze izinzuzo eziningi iminyaka eminingi.

[ulwazi oluthe xaxa]