Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokutshala nokugcina utshani be-Poa pratensis

Iyini i-Poa pratensis futhi kungani idumile otshanini?

I-Pratensis, evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi I-Kentucky bluegrass, isipikha, i-meadowsweet o utshani obuluhlaza, iwutshani obuhlala isikhathi eside obunesimo sezulu esipholile obusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwe-turf yezinga eliphezulu. Igqame ngakho umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, it ukungaguquguquki okukhulu kanye nalo ukumelana nokunyathelwa, okwenza ilungele izingadi zokuhlobisa kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo, izinkundla zegalofu, amapaki nezindawo zomphakathi ezinabantu abaningi. Uhlelo lwayo lwe-rhizomatous luvumela ukumboza okuphezulu komhlabathi, ukuphatha ukumboza izikhala kanye vuselela izindawo ezilimele ngokukhululeka

Itholakala eYurophu nase-Asia, i-Poa pratensis isabalale emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yayo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu (ikakhulukazi ezibandayo nezipholile) kanye nenhlabathi ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise naleyo engenawo amanzi ahlanzekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo akugcini ezindaweni zasemadolobheni; iphinde ibe ngenye yefolishi ebaluleke kakhulu emadlelweni emfuyo.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-botanical kanye ne-morphological

I-Poa pratensis a utshani besizini epholile (C3) i-rhizomatous kanye ne-perennial, eyaziwa ngekhono layo lokusabalala kokubili ngama-stolon angaphezulu nama-rhizome angaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kukhiqiza i-turf eminyene enokwembozeka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina okukhulu ekulimaleni ngokomzimba noma izindawo eziveziwe. ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande Inamandla, futhi izimpande eziningi zomjikelezo odlule zihlala zisebenza, zenza kube lula ukuphila kwayo isikhathi eside kanye nokululama ngokushesha ekucindezelekeni.

Abanye izici ezihlukile ze-morphological I-Poa pratensis yilezi:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza kakhulu emaqabunga avuthiwe, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga.
• Kushiya izacile, iqondile futhi igoqiwe phansi, enesihloko esimise okwesikebhe noma isikebhe.
• I-ligule emfushane futhi encishisiwe, ngaphandle kwama-auricles.
• Indawo engaphezulu eshelelayo nangaphansi enekeel encane nemithambo ebonakalayo ehambisanayo.
• Izimbali zihlelwe ngama-panicles angama-conical ubude obuyi-10 kuye ku-20 cm.
• Ukuphakama kungahluka phakathi kuka-30 no-60 cm (futhi kufike ku-90 cm ezimweni ezikahle, nakuba otshanini buhlala buphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokugunda).

Su ukuzala Kungaba i-apomictic, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezilinganayo ngokwemvelo futhi kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yezohwebo yekhwalithi.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi zokusebenzisa i-Poa pratensis otshanini

• Ukumelana okuphezulu nokunyathela, ilungele izindawo ezisetshenziswa njalo njengamapaki, izingadi noma izinkundla zemidlalo.
• Ukuvuselelwa okuhle kakhulu kanye nomthamo wokuzilungisa ngenxa yohlelo lwayo lwe-rhizomatous, olusiza ukumbozwa kwamabala anempandla.
• Umbala nokuminyana iphakeme kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, enikeza ubuhle obaziswa kakhulu ekulungisweni kwezwe nasengadini.
• Ukubekezelela okuhle emakhazeni naseqhweni.
• Ukubekezelela umthunzi okumaphakathi, nakuba ithanda izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle.
• Impilo ende yesevisi kanye nesondlo esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zotshani obuhle.

Phakathi kokungalungi kwayo, yayo ukuzwela isomiso kanye nokushisa okukhulu, okungase kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu noma ezomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayo ukuhluma kuhamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye utshani obufana ne-ryegrass, futhi ngokuvamile kuyalulekwa ukuthi uthintane ukunakekelwa kotshani ethize ukuze uthuthukise imiphumela endaweni yakho. Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo yokwazi i- Ukulinywa kwe-Poa annua ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezimo.

Izinhlobo eziphawulekayo nezimila ze-Poa pratensis

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-Poa pratensis, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile ezingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokusetshenziswa nezimo ezithile. Ngezansi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu:

• Award: Ilungele igalofu kanye nengadi yezinga eliphezulu, isekela ubude obuncane bokusika (kufika ku-12 mm), inombala oluhlaza okotshani kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu, nezidingo zokunakekela eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.
• I-Balin: igqama ngokuphikelela kwayo, ukusebenza okuphezulu nezinga lokukhula eliphezulu.
• UBrooklawn: Ukubekezelela umthunzi kakhulu, ukusungulwa okusheshayo kanye nenani elihle kakhulu lemali, elifaneleka kakhulu kuzingxube.
• Umgulukudu: Imelana kakhulu nezifo, inamaqabunga amancane, aluhlaza ngokumnyama, ilungele izingadi zokuhlala, amapaki, utshani, nezinkundla zemidlalo.
• Isigqoko: Igqama ngokuminyana kwayo okuphezulu, ukusungulwa ngokushesha kanye nokuzivumelanisa nenhlabathi ehlukahlukene, enokumelana okuphezulu nokunyathelwa.
• Merion, Adelphi, Bonnieblue, Galaxy, Glade, Majestic: izinhlobo ezenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nezifo, ukubekezelela ukushisa nomthunzi, nokwandisa isivuno sembewu.

Ukukhethwa kwe-cultivar kufanele kusekelwe esimweni sezulu sendawo, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, nezici zenhlabathi.

Qaphela: Maningi amanye ama-cultivars, lawa amanye aziwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ukulima kahle: ukuhlwanyela, inhlabathi kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

I-Poa pratensis ingahlwanyelwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kuye ngendawo namazinga okushisa. Nakuba ingahlwanyelwa iyodwa, kuyanconywa ukuyixuba nobunye utshani obukhula ngokushesha obufana I-ryegrass yesiNgisi (Lolium perenne) noma fescue, ukusheshisa ukufakwa kokuqala kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi. Ukukhetha imiksi efanele futhi kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga nge ukhula nezinambuzane.

Izimpawu zomhlabathi nokutshala:

• Ukuncanyelwa kwenhlabathi evundile, evundile kahle egcwele izinto eziphilayo.
• Ibekezelela inhlabathi enobumba, esindayo noma engakhami kahle, nakuba ukusebenza kungase kuphazamiseke.
• I-pH enhle kakhulu phakathi kuka-6 no-7,5.
• Ukujula kokuhlwanyela okungashoni, okuvala ngokulambisa imbewu nomhlabathi omuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuhluma.
• Izinga lokuhlwanyela elinconyiwe: phakathi kuka-15 no-25 amagremu ngemitha yesikwele, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokuxuba.

Kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi ngokukhipha amatshe, ukuyilinganisa, bese usebenzisa umanyolo oyisisekelo, okungcono nge-phosphorus (ukugqugquzela ukumila kwezimpande) ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma ungathanda ukuqonda okwengeziwe nge-phosphorus, lo mhlahlandlela uzokusiza uqinisekise ukukhula nokugcinwa kahle kotshani bakho be-Poa pratensis.

La ukuhluma Iyahamba kancane, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ingabonakala ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-10. Ukufakwa okuphelele kungathatha amasonto ambalwa, ngakho-ke ukusizakala kwezingxube ukusheshisa upholstery.

Ukugcina utshani be-Poa pratensis

Ukunisela

I-Poa pratensis idinga ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nesigaba sokusungulwa kanye nezinkathi ezomile. Ayikubekezeleli kahle isomiso, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugwema isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi. Okubalulekile wukunisela ngokujulile, kodwa ngokungajwayelekile, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande ezijulile, ezimelana nesomiso.

• Emasontweni amabili okuqala ngemva kokuhlwanyela, kungase kudingeke ukuba unisele izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku, uqinisekisa i-substrate ehlala imanzi kodwa ingagcwele.
• Ngemuva kokusungulwa, imvamisa ingahlukaniswa, inisele kahle kanye noma kabili ngesonto kuye ngesimo sezulu.
• Gwema ukuchelela phezulu njalo okungadala izifo zesikhunta.

Umanyolo

Ukufaka umquba kubalulekile ukugcina amandla nombala we-Poa pratensis. Ngemuva kokutshala, kunconywa ukwenza a umanyolo wokuqala ocebile nge-phosphorus. Ngemva kwalokho, a uhlelo lokuvundisa olulinganiselayo (okungcono kube nokukhululwa okulawulwayo ukuze kugwenywe iziqongo zokukhula kanye nengozi yokusha) ukulungisa inani le-nitrogen isizini nokusetshenziswa. Uma ufuna ukujula esihlokweni, uhlelo olufanele lokuvundisa luyoba ukhiye ekugcineni utshani obunempilo.

• Unyaka wokuqala: izidingo eziphezulu ze-nitrogen.
• Eminyakeni elandelayo: imithamo emaphakathi evumelaniswe nesizini kanye nokuqina kokusetshenziswa.
• Gwema izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi samahora ashisa kakhulu noma uma ungeke unisele kamuva.

Ukuvuna

Ukugunda kubalulekile empilweni kanye nobuhle be-Poa pratensis turf. Ukugunda kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngesikhathi sokukhula okuphezulu (entwasahlobo nasehlobo) futhi kuncishiswe ekwindla nasebusika.

• Ubude bokusika obunconyiwe: phakathi kuka-2 no-6 cm, kuye ngokusetshenziswa nezimo zezulu. Ehlobo, kungcono ukuyishiya iphakeme kancane (5-6 cm) ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka kwamanzi.
• Imvamisa: njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, futhi kanye ngenyanga ngezikhathi zomsebenzi ophansi.
• Gwema ukusika ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobude beblade ekugundani ngakunye.
• Gcina i-blade yomshini ibukhali ukuvimbela ukudabuka nokwenza lula ukululama.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo

I-Poa pratensis ingangenwa izifo ezithile zesikhunta (njengamachashaza amaqabunga, i-anthracnose, ukugqwala, kanye nesikhutha) futhi ingaphazanyiswa izinambuzane ezifana nama-sod grubs kanye nokhula. Ukuvimbela okungcono kakhulu ukugcina imikhuba yamasiko efanele:

• Ukugunda njalo, ukuvundisa okulinganayo kanye nokunisela okwanele.
• Sebenzisa izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo ezindaweni ezigcwele izifo.
• Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa imithi ethile ye-phytosanitary (ama-fungicides noma ama-insecticides) okungcono kakhulu ngokulandela indlela edidiyelwe yokulawula izinambuzane.

Ukulawula utshani

El i-mulch eyeqile Ukuhlangana (ukunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo phakathi kotshani nomhlabathi) kungaphazamisa ukungena komoya kanye nokukhipha amanzi, futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezifo. Ukwehliswa njalo kotshani kunconywa ukuvimbela lokhu kwakheka futhi kukhuthaze utshani obunempilo, obuminyene.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuziphatha ngokwesimo sezulu

I-Poa pratensis ivumelana kahle nezindawo ze ihlobo elipholile noma elipholile kanye nobusika obubandayo nobumanzi. Iyakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa futhi igcine umbala wayo ezimeni eziphansi zokushisa. Ezindaweni ezinehlobo elishisayo nelomile kakhulu, lingakwazi kancane noma misa ukukhula kwayo okwesikhashana, ukuhlupheka uma isomiso siqhubeka.

Ezimweni ezinomswakama kakhulu futhi ezishisayo, izifo zingakhula, ikakhulukazi uma amanzi angcolile. Ngokuphambene, ezindaweni ezinobusika obupholile futhi obumanzi, ingahlaselwa izinhlobo ezingabizi kakhulu.

Emthunzini ominyene, ukukhula kungase kube kancane futhi ukuminyana kube phansi; kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo ezibekezelela ngokukhethekile noma uhlanganise nezinhlobo ezikhula kahle kulezi zimo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana notshani be-Poa pratensis

• Kungani ibizwa ngeKentucky bluegrass? Igama livela ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amaqabunga aso abonisa lapho utshani bubhekwa ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga okuthile.
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi utshani be-Poa pratensis buzinze? Ukusungulwa kungahamba kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ngakho-ke kuvamile ukuyixuba ne-English ryegrass noma ukusheshisa inqubo yokuqala.
• Yiziphi ukuphakama ezingafinyelela kuzo? Uma ingagundiwe, ingadlula u-30-60 cm, nakuba etshanini bokuhlobisa noma ezemidlalo igcinwa iphansi kakhulu ngohlelo olujwayelekile lokugunda.
• Ungakwazi yini ukubekezelela ithrafikhi enkulu? Yebo, empeleni, ingenye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinyathelwa njalo.
• Ingatshalwa yodwa? Ingatshalwa yodwa, kodwa ivame ukutuswa ekuxubeni, kokubili ukusheshisa ukusungulwa nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nezimo ezimbi.
• Usabela kanjani emqhudelwaneni wokhula? Ukuminyana elikutholayo kwenza kube nzima ukuthi ukhula luzisungule, kodwa ezigabeni zokuqala, ukuvikeleka okwanele kungakhuthaza ukuvela kwalo, yingakho ukubaluleka kokuxuba nokugcinwa.

I-Poa pratensis isalokhu ingenye yezinketho ezihlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni wokutshala izingadi nokuhlelwa kwezwe kokubili kwayo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukumelana nekhwalithi yobuhle kanye nokuba lula kwayo ukuyigcina lapho imikhuba yamasiko etuswayo ilandelwa futhi izinhlobo ezifanele zikhethwa endaweni ngayinye yokusebenzisa kanye nesimo sezulu. Ukuqaliswa kwayo, nakuba kuhamba kancane, kuklomelisa ngotshani ihlala isikhathi eside, iminyene futhi inombala omuhle kakhulu, ilungele labo abafuna umphumela womsebenzi ngaphandle kokudela umthamo wokutakula ngemva kokusetshenziswa kakhulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Poa annua Organic Grass: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele, Izici, Nokunakekela