Izici ezijwayelekile kanye nevelu yokuhlobisa yemephu
El imephu Iwuhlobo lwezihlahla ezivuthulukayo nezihlahlana emndenini wakwaSapindaceae, ezihlonishwa umhlaba wonke ngenxa yenani lawo elimangalisayo lokuhlobisa. Lolu hlobo lugqama ngalo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo y ukuba rusticity, ekwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zezulu ezipholile. Amaqabunga e-maple ngokuvamile anawo ama-palmate nama-lobed shapes, okubanikeza ukukhanga okukhethekile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasekwindla lapho beshintsha umbala kusuka eluhlaza okujulile kuya amathoni abomvu, awolintshi, esagolide nansomi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zemephu esakazwa kulo lonke elase-Asia, eYurophu, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Lezi zihlahla zingafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, kusukela engadini encane noma ezihlahleni zasebhodweni kuye ezihlahleni ezinkulu ezifika kumamitha angama-30 ubude, njenge maple ngesiNorway (Ama-Acer platanoides).
Imephu iguquguquka kangangokuthi isetshenziswa njengesibonelo esingasodwa ezingadini, ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni nanjenge bonsai. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlamvu awo ashintsha noma iyiphi indawo ibe umbukwane wokubukwayo ngenxa yemibala eminingi ehlukahlukene unyaka wonke.
Izinhlobo ze-maple eziyinhloko nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa
I-Acer genus ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu, eziningi zazo ezinezinhlobo ezikhethiwe ngenani lazo lokuhlobisa. Ezinye ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Acer palmatum (Imephu yaseJapan): Izalelwa eMpumalanga Asia, idume ngayo amaqabunga esundu futhi umbala wayo omangalisayo ushintsha ekwindla. Kukhona i-subspecies efana I-Acer palmatum subsp. matsumure (amaqabunga amakhulu), i-palmatum (amaqabunga amancane), kanye i-amoenum (okuphakathi). Phakathi kwemephu yaseJapane, okulandelayo kuvelele:
- I-Deshojo: amaqabunga abomvu e-carmine entwasahlobo, eluhlaza ehlobo kanye nsundu ekwindla.
- I-Arakawa: ivelele yayo isiqu esimangelengele namaqabunga aluhlaza aphenduka abephuzi ekwindla.
- UKatsura: amaqabunga aluhlaza aphuzi anamathiphu awolintshi kanye nemiphetho ebomvu.
- I-Aoyagi: i-lime eluhlaza ehlobo nokuphuzi ekwindla, amagxolo aluhlaza okotshani, alungele ukugqama okubonakalayo kanye ne-bonsai.
- Ama-Acer platanoides (Imephu yaseNorwegian): Usayizi omkhulu, umqhele oyindilinga, amaqabunga esundu kanye ne-autumnal hue ephuzi noma ebomvu. Imelana nokubanda nokungcola kahle, futhi isetshenziswa ezindleleni nasemapaki.
- I-Acer campestre: Isihlahla esiqinile, esincane, esilungele izingadi ezincaneAmaqabunga aluhlaza aphenduka abegolide ekwindla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinhlobo eziphawulekayo ngenxa yazo imibala ethile noma izimo, okuvamile ezivandeni ezinezihloko noma amaqoqo amancane amamephu.
Inani lokuhlobisa nokusetshenziswa kwezwe kwemephu
Ukukhanga okuyinhloko kwe-maple kulele kuwo amaqabunga aguqukayo futhi amangalisayoEntwasahlobo nasehlobo, amaqabunga awo avela eluhlaza okujulile noma, ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, ama-hues abomvu noma ansomi. Kodwa kusekwindla lapho likhanya khona ngempela, liguqula izingadi namapaki ngokuqhuma kombala.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa kwe-maple:
- Isihlahla sasengadini njengento emaphakathi noma emaqenjini okuhlobisa.
- Imingcele ephansi kanye nothango endabeni yezinhlobo ezincane.
- Bonsai, ngenxa yokulula kokulolonga ukuma kwawo namahlamvu akhangayo.
- Ukukhula ezimbizeni zamathala noma ama-patios, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezifana I-Aoyagi.
- Ukuqondanisa kwedolobha (imephu yaseNorway, imephu yensimu) ngenxa yokumelana nomthunzi.
I-Maple nayo inakho ukubaluleka kwemvelo, njengoba izimbali zayo ziheha izinambuzane ezikhipha impova, futhi izithelo zayo (ama-samara) ziwumthombo wokudla wezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Kwezinye izifunda, izinhlobo ezithile zaziswa ngokukhiqizwa kwazo isiraphu noma inani loju.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-maple nokuthela
Noma ukubaluleka kokuhlobisa kwezimbali ze-maple Imvamisa ingeyesibili emaqabunga, izinhlobo eziningi ezikhiqizayo izimbali ezincane eziqoqiwe ngamaqoqo, ngezithunzi ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, noma ezinsomi, entwasahlobo. Lezi zimbali zintekenteke futhi zinganakwa, kodwa zineqhaza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zemvelo. Isici sesithelo yi ama-samara amabili, uhlobo lwephiko okuthi uma selivuthiwe lihlakazwe kalula ngumoya.
Ezinhlotsheni ezifana ne-maple yaseJapane, izimbali zinama-sepals amahlanu abomvu kanye namacembe amahlanu amhlophe, aqoqwe ngama-cymes amancane avame ukuvela ngaphambi noma kanye namaqabunga amasha.
Ukunakekelwa okubalulekile kokutshalwa kwe-maple
Imephu i umuthi we-rustic futhi imelana, kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa okuthile ukuze ifinyelele ubukhazikhazi bayo bokuhlobisa:
- Indawo: Incamela izindawo ezinomthunzi omncane noma ezihlungiwe, njengoba ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla kungalimaza amaqabunga ezinhlobo ezithambile. Ezimweni ezipholile noma ezipholile, ibekezelela ukuchayeka elangeni ngokugcwele.
- UkuniselaGcina inhlabathi imanzi, ngokunisela njalo kodwa ungaphuzi ngokweqile. Emabhodweni, qinisekisa ukuthi kuphuma amanzi ngendlela efanele ukuze uvimbele ukubola kwezimpande.
- ImvamisaZikhula kahle enhlabathini evundile, ene-asidi kancane noma engathathi hlangothi, epholile, nengenamanzi kahle. Azikubekezeleli isomiso esidlulele noma inhlabathi ehlangene.
- Ukushisa: Zibekezelela kahle isithwathwa esikhanyayo ngisho namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezithile ezifana I-Aoyagi (kufika ku-15ºC), nakuba isithwathwa eside singaba yingozi.
- UmbhalisileSebenzisa umanyolo olinganiselayo, okungcono izitshalo ezithanda i-asidi, ngesikhathi sokukhula. Gwema ukuvundisa ekwindla nasebusika ukuze uvimbele amahlumela angase alinyazwe amakhaza.
- Izihlahla: Yenza ukuthena okwakhayo nokulungisa ekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ususa amagatsha awonakele noma aphazamisekile.
Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge I-Acer palmatum AoyagiAngatshalwa kokubili emhlabathini nasemabhodweni futhi afanele amasimu noma ama-balconi. Kufanele avikelwe emimoyeni enamandla, engadabula amaqabunga, futhi umswakama kufanele ulawulwe ngokucophelela ezitsheni.
Izifo Ezivamile Ze-maple Nezinkinga
I-maple ngokuvamile iqinile, kodwa ingathinteka ezinye izifo:
- i-verticillium wilt: Isikhunta esibangela ukushwabana nokuwa kwamaqabunga. Kubalulekile ukususa nokucekela phansi amagatsha athintekile futhi kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwamanzi.
- Ukubola kwezimpande: Ngenxa yamanzi amaningi noma ukungahambi kahle kwamanzi. Gwema ama-puddles futhi usebenzise ama-substrates anezimbotshana.
- Amabala eLeaf: Ibangelwa ukhunta noma ukushiswa yilanga. Ukuthuthukisa umoya wokungenisa umoya nokulungisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyasiza ukuwavimbela.
Ukugada okuvimbelayo kuyatuswa, njengoba kuyisinyathelo esisheshayo sokubhekana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu. Ukunisela kanye nokuchayeka elangeni kufanele kulungiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukucindezeleka esihlahleni.
Izinzuzo kanye neminikelo ye-maple emvelweni
Ngaphandle kobuhle bayo obubonakalayo, i-maple inikeza izinzuzo eziningi:
- Ilawula izinga lokushisa futhi inikeza umthunzi ezingadini nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
- Inomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokunikeza isiphephelo nokudla kwezilwane zendawo.
- Ezinhlotsheni ezithile, izimbali zayo ziyi-melliferous, zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni uju.
- Ukhuni lwayo lusetshenziswa ekwenzeni amakhabethe nasemisebenzini yezandla, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza isiraphu ye-maple edumile.
- Ihlinzeka ngokuthula, ukuvumelana kanye nendawo ekahle yokuzindla ezivandeni zaseJapane noma zaseMpumalanga.
Ukuhlukahluka okubanzi komumo, osayizi, nemibala kusho ukuthi kunesihlahla se-maple salo lonke uhlobo lwengadi, kusukela emapaki amakhulu asemadolobheni kuya kumapulangwe amancane noma ovulandi.
I-Maple iyazihlanganisa njenge- umuthi obalulekile Kulabo abafuna ubuhle obushintsha njalo, i-rusticity, nokunakekelwa okuncane, ukuthuthukisa inani lokuhlobisa nemvelo lanoma iyiphi indawo.
