La Impukane emhlophe Yisinambuzane esincane esinamaphiko esilinganiselwa ku-2-3 mm esithinta eziningi zethu imifino. Lesi sinambuzane siyinkinga ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele nezinomswakama. Ngaphandle, kuvamile ukuyibona ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kuyilapho ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma endlini, ingaba khona unyaka wonke.
Izimpukane ezimhlophe zivame ukuhlala emakoloni ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda. Kokubili izibungu nezindala zidla ngokumunca ubisi emaqabunga, okubangela a okuphuzi izici zazo, ngaphezu kwento enamathelayo eyaziwa ngokuthi molasses esimboza amaqabunga. Lezi zinhlayiya zingaholela ekubukekeni kwe-a isikhunta esimnyama eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Black Mold Fungus, ethinta amandla e-photosynthetic amaqabunga.
Ukulawula lesi zinambuzane kungafinyelelwa ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma nge ukulawulwa kwe-biologic, lapho ukwethulwa komnyovu omncane oyisinambuzane, i-Encarsia formosa, kungasiza ukulawula inani lezimpukane ezimhlophe. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezifinyeleleka kakhulu nezingangeni kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukulenga izicupho ezinamathelayo umbala ophuzi phakathi kwezitshalo ungaheha abesilisa, usize ukulawula inani labantu. Lezi zicupho zitholakala kalula ezikhungweni zengadi futhi azibizi.
Njengesilinganiso se ukuvimbela, ukutshala izitshalo ezinamakha, ama-carnations aseShayina, ama-marigold noma ugwayi wokuhlobisa eduze kwezinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu zingasebenza, njengoba iphunga lawo livame ukuxosha izimpukane.
Ukuhlonza kanye Nezimpawu Zempukane Emhlophe
Impukane iyingxenye yomndeni wakwa-Aleyrodidae futhi ibonakala kalula ngenxa yombala wayo omhlophe kanye nobukhulu bayo obuncane. Abantu abadala bavame ukubonakala kakhulu, kodwa-ke, kusesigabeni se-pupal lapho kulula ukukubona. Idiphozithi yabesifazane abavundisiwe amaqanda ama-diploid azala abesifazane abasha, kuyilapho amaqanda angavundile akhiqiza abesilisa. Lo mjikelezo wokuzala ungesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani izimpukane zinganda ngokushesha, okuveza inselele kubalimi.
Mayelana nomonakalo, izimpukane azithinti kuphela izitshalo ngokuqondile ngokumunca ubisi lwazo, kodwa futhi zinesibopho sokudluliswa kokungaphezu kwalokho. 70 amagciwane ezingathinta izitshalo ezahlukene. Ezinye zezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zihlanganisa bemisia tabaci y I-Trialeurode vaporariorum, eziyinkinga ikakhulukazi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Umjikelezo Wempilo Yempukane
Umjikelezo wempilo ye-whitefly uhlanganisa izigaba eziningana: iqanda, i-nymph kanye nomuntu omdala. Ezinsikazi esezikhulile zibekela amaqanda azo ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, lapho ahlala khona aze achanyuselwe. Ama-nymphs mancane kakhulu futhi adla ubisi, athola ama-molts amaningana njengoba ekhula. Phakathi nalezi zigaba, ama-nymphs akhiqiza izinto ezingakwazi vimba amaqabunga futhi abangele ukulimala ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, umjikelezo wempilo ophelele ungahlala kusukela Amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Izinto ezifana nezinga lokushisa nomswakama zibalulekile ekunqumeni ubude besigaba ngasinye somjikelezo. Isibonelo, imijikelezo emifushane ivela ezimweni ezifudumele, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa apholile angandisa isikhathi sokukhula.
Umonakalo Odalwe Izimpukane Ezimhlophe
Umonakalo obangelwa izimpukane ungaba mkhulu. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa izitshalo, ngokudla ubisi lwazo, zingabangela uchungechunge lwe izimpawu ezibonakalayo:
- Ukuphuzi kweqabunga: Lesi esinye sezimpawu ezisobala kakhulu. Amaqabunga aqala ukuphuzi, okubonisa ukuthi kukhishwa ingxenye enkulu yobisi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta esimnyama: I-honeydew ekhishwe ikhuthaza ukukhula kwesikhunta njengesikhunta sooty, esingavala amaqabunga futhi sithinte i-photosynthesis.
- Ukudluliswa kwezifo: Izimpukane ezimhlophe zithwala amagciwane angaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yezitshalo.
- Ukwehliswa kokukhiqiza: Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka azikhiqizi nje kuphela, kodwa izithelo zazo zingase zingakufanelekeli ukudayiswa.
Izindlela Zokulawula I-Whitefly
Ukuze ulawule i-whitefly, kubalulekile ukucabangela izindlela ezimbalwa:
- Ukulawula amakhemikhali: Sebenzisa ama-insecticide athile asebenza kuzimpukane ngaphandle kokulimaza izilwane ezidla ezinye zazo zemvelo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ama-insecticide aklanyelwe ukumelana futhi asetshenziswe ngobuchule ukugwema ukumelana.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo: Khuthaza ukwethulwa kwezitha zemvelo ezifana neminyovu yama-parasitoid, izilwane ezizingelayo ezifana nama-ladybugs, nezinye izinambuzane ezinenzuzo ezidla izimpukane. Ungathola okwengeziwe mayelana amakhambi asekhaya ngokumelene ne-whitefly.
- Izicupho ezinamathelayo: Beka izicupho eziphuzi esitshalweni eziheha izimpukane, zisize ukuqapha nokunciphisa inani labantu bazo. Lezi zindlela zinconyelwe kakhulu ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezimhlophe.
- Izixazululo zemvelo: Ukusebenzisa ukwelapha okusekelwe ezithakweni zemvelo ezifana nowoyela we-neem noma insipho ye-potassium kungaba ngempumelelo ekulawuleni izinambuzane ngendlela evumelana nemvelo.
Ukuhlanganisa izindlela kuphumelela kakhulu ekulawuleni ngokuqhubekayo izinambuzane, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-integrated pest management (IPM) kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuvimbela Ukubukeka Kwezimpukane Ezimhlophe
Ukuvimbela kubalulekile ukugwema ukwanda kwezimpukane ezitshalweni. Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa:
- ukuqapha okuvamile: Hlola izitshalo njalo ukuze uthole izimpawu zokutheleleka ezigabeni zokuqala.
- Ukulawula ukhula: Ukhula lungafukamela izinambuzane. Ukugcina izindawo zihlanzekile kunciphisa amathuba okuhlasela.
- Ukuzungezisa izitshalo: Ukushintsha izinhlobo zezitshalo kunciphisa amathuba okuthi izimpukane ziqhamuke futhi zande.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezithiyo zomzimba: Ukubeka amanetha noma amameshi avimbela izimpukane ukuthi zifinyelele izitshalo kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo.
I-Whitefly imele inselelo enkulu kubalimi bezitshalo zemifino nezokuhlobisa. Ukuhlonza kanye nokulawula lesi silokazane kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yezitshalo nokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu. Ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokulawula ezifanele nezisimeme ngeke kuvikele izitshalo kuphela kodwa futhi kuzofaka isandla ohlelweni lwezemvelo olunempilo jikelele.
