Umjikelezo Wempilo Yentwala Yesikhunta
La impukane semithombo yesembozo o i-sciarid Kuyizinambuzane ezivamile ezingadini nasezindaweni ezikhulayo, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zasendlini. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwayo uhlanganisa izigaba eziningana: iqanda, isibungu, isiphungumangathi kanye nomuntu omdala. Izibungu zikala phakathi kuka-1.6 mm no-6 mm, kanti okumpunga okumnyama noma okunsundu kuvame kakhulu. Ukuthuthuka kwazo kuthonywa izinga lokuswakama endaweni ekhulayo, okwenza ukuthi zande ikakhulukazi endaweni yazo eziyithandayo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokukhula ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka, ungabheka isihloko sethu ukuvuthwa kwezitshalo.
Imikhuba Nokuziphatha
Izibungu ze-fungus gnat ziyadla ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa isikhunta nezimpande zezitshalo. Lokhu kudla kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezimpandeni, kuthinte impilo nokukhula kwezitshalo. Izimpukane ezindala zingamandiza abuthaka futhi zivame ukuhlala eduze nemithombo yazo yokudla. Isici esibalulekile sokuziphatha kwabo ukuthi abesifazane bangalala Amaqanda e-200 emjikelezweni wokuphila othatha cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi. Ukuzala kwenzeka unyaka wonke ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, okungase kubangele inani labantu abangalawuleki ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasezindlini.
Kungani Izintwala Zesikhunta Ziyinkinga
Esinye sezizathu ezenza omiyane besikhunta babe nenkinga yikhono labo lokudlulisa izifo fungal ezitshalweni. Ngokudla, izibungu kanye nabantu abadala bangenza izitshalo zingenwe izifo zefungal yesibili njenge I-Pythium y I-Fusarium. Lo monakalo ongaqondile ungadala ukufa kwezitshalo uma kungalawulwa ngesikhathi. Ukuphatha kahle, ungaba nentshisekelo yokufunda kabanzi mayelana Ungakhula kanjani isihlahla se-walnut ezingadini zanamuhla.
Ukuhlonza Izinambuzane Zesikhunta
Ukuze ubone insensane yesikhunta, bheka izici zomzimba. Zilinganisa phakathi kuka-1.6 mm no-3.2 mm, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingafinyelela ku-6 mm. Zinomzimba ozacile nemilenze emide, okuzenza zibukeke njengomiyane. Izibungu, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sazo sokugcina, zimhlophe ezinamakhanda amnyama futhi azinayo imilenze, zifinyelela ubukhulu obungaba ngu-6 mm.
Abantu abadala bakhangwa ukukhanya, okungababangela ukuthi banqwabelana eduze kwamafasitela nemithombo yokukhanya endlini. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukutheleleka okunzima. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinambuzane nokuthi ungazilawula kanjani, ungabheka isihloko sethu Ukunakekelwa kwekhamera ye-Lantana.
Ukuvimbela Nokulawula Ukutheleleka
Kubalulekile ukwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulawula insensane ye-fungus. Amanye amasu ahlanganisa:
- Ukugcina Umswakama: Nisela ngokucophelela futhi ugweme ukugcina indawo yokukhula imanzi kakhulu. Lokhu kubalulekile, njengoba omiyane besikhunta bachuma ezindaweni ezinomswakama.
- Ama-Sticky Traps: Ukusebenzisa izicupho eziphuzi zechromatic eduze kwezitshalo kungasiza ukubamba izimpukane ezindala futhi kuqashwe inani labantu.
- Ukulawulwa Kwebhayoloji: Yethula izitha zemvelo, njengezibungu ezidla inyama njenge hypoaspis miles noma nematodes ezifana I-Steinernema feltiae, ingasebenza ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni inani lezibungu.
Nakuba kuvamile ukuba nezimpukane endaweni ekhulayo, ukwanda okungazelelwe kungase kudinge izinyathelo ezinqala. Ukulungisa amaphethini okunisela kanye nokuqapha njalo inani labantu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi libe yinkinga enkulu. Futhi, uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezilimo zasebusika, vakashela isihloko sethu ku ezikhulayo radishes ebusika.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemikhiqizo Yamakhemikhali
Nakuba izindlela zokulawula izinto eziphilayo zivame ukutuswa, kwezinye izimo kungase kudingeke ukuba usebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane. Ama-pyrethroids abonise imiphumela emihle futhi ngokuvamile anezinga eliphansi lobuthi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuhlola ilebula yomkhiqizo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ilungele izinambuzane kanye nohlobo lwezitshalo.
Izinyathelo Zokulawula Ezengeziwe
Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela ezishiwo ngenhla, akhona amanye amasu amaningana angahambisana nokulawula insensane yesikhunta:
- I-Neem Flour: Lesi sibulala-zinambuzane semvelo singasebenza ngempumelelo ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nensensane yesikhunta. Nokho, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo mayelana nokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Ukusebenzisa i-Potato Trap: Ukubeka izingcezu zamazambane endaweni ekhulayo kungasiza ekubambeni izibungu. Lezi zingcezu zisebenza njengozibuthe, futhi izibungu ezitholakala kulowo nalowo zingabalwa.
Ukuqapha njalo imidiya ekhulayo kanye nokuhlola ukutheleleka okusha kuyizinqubo ezizosiza ukugcina omiyane besikhunta bengekho. Ikakhulukazi ekwindla nasebusika, lapho zivame ukubonakala kakhulu, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile. Ungafunda futhi mayelana ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla zezithelo ukugcwalisa ulwazi lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
Ngendlela efanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, kungenzeka ukulawula omiyane besikhunta ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni impilo yezitshalo. Khumbula ukuthi ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okudidiyelwe kubalulekile ukuze kube nesitshalo esimeme nesinempilo.
