Ungatshala Kanjani Isihlahla Sesithelo Esigajwe Isikhwama: Umhlahlandlela Wochwepheshe Wesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Wokukhula Izihlahla Ezinempilo, Ezikhiqizayo

Wake wathenga izihlahla zezithelo ezikhwameni futhi wazibuza ukuthi ngempela ukwenza ngendlela efanele yini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlahla sakho siyachuma? Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo ezikhwameni kuyasebenza kakhulu ngenxa yokuhamba kalula kwazo nokuguquguquka, kodwa zidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile ukuze ziqinisekise ukukhula okuhle ngemuva kokutshala. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kulula, Ukutshala isihlahla sesithelo esikhwameni kuhilela imininingwane eminingi yobuchwepheshe okuthi, uma inganakwa, ingathinta impilo nokukhiqiza kwesihlahla..

Ingabe kuyafaneleka ukutshala isihlahla sesithelo esikhwameni?

Izihlahla zezithelo ezikhwameni zimelela enye indlela esebenzayo nephumelelayo yalezo ezithengiswa ezimbizeni noma ezinezimpande ezingenalutho.Isikhwama sivikela izimpande nezimpande ngesikhathi sokuthutha futhi senza ukutshala kabusha kube lula, kodwa kungcono kakhulu ukungasishiyi isihlahla esikhwameni isikhathi eside kakhulu. Okufanelekile, isihlahla sezithelo kufanele sitshalwe endaweni yaso yokugcina ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuthenga.Uma isihlahla sihlala esikhwameni isikhathi eside, izimpande zingase ziminyanise futhi zilahlekelwe amandla.

Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezihlahla zezithelo ezigoqiwe:

• Ukulondolozwa okungcono kwebhola lempande kanye nengcindezi yokufakelwa kabusha.
• Ukuphatha okulula nokuhamba okomsebenzisi.
• Ngokuvamile intengo eshibhile kunezihlahla zezithelo ezimbizeni.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka ngendlela efanele ngokufakelwa kabusha ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjengokubola kwezimpande, ubunzima bezimpande, izifo, noma ukukhula kabi.

Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala isihlahla sesithelo esikhwameni

Impumelelo yokutshala kabusha incike kakhulu ekukhetheni isikhathi esifanele sokutshala.Nakuba izihlahla zezithelo eziningi zingatshalwa cishe unyaka wonke, izikhathi ezivumayo kakhulu kuvamise ukuba ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, lapho amazinga okushisa epholile futhi ingekho ingozi yesithwathwa esinamandla noma ukushisa okukhulu. Gwema ukutshala ngesikhathi samagagasi okushisa noma isithwathwa esinamandla ukunikeza isihlahla izimo ezingcono kakhulu zezimpande.

Uma uzotshala isihlahla sezithelo endaweni enelanga eligcweleKuyatuseka ukuthi uyijwayeze kancane kancane ukuze ugweme ingcindezi yokushisa. Kulezi zimo, ungayishiya ebhodweni noma endaweni evikelekile amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuyitshala unomphela. Zama ukuthola isihlahla sesithelo bese usitshala ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24-48, ukugwema ukuyishiya igcinwe esikhwameni isikhathi eside kunesidingo.

Ukulungisa umgodi wokutshala

Umgodi kufanele okungenani ube mkhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunebhola lempande yesihlahla, kokubili ukujula nobubanzi.Isibonelo, uma izimpande zezimpande zingama-25 cm ububanzi, imbobo kufanele ibe ngu-50 cm (ububanzi nokujula). Lokhu kuvumela izimpande ukuba zande futhi ziqoqe umhlabathi omusha kalula.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, Gcwalisa imbobo ngamanzi bese uyiyeka imunceNgale ndlela, inhlabathi izoba namanzi amaningi futhi izokwenza kube lula ukusungulwa kwezimpande. Ngaphansi komgodi, engeza ungqimba lwengxube ye-substrate evundile kanye nomanyolo we-organic (ukwakhiwa kwezikelemu, umquba ovuthiwe, noma i-peat). Ingxube yenhlabathi ekhishwe uhhafu kanye nengxenye yokukhula enothile izohlinzeka ngemisoco eyengeziwe futhi ithuthukise isakhiwo senhlabathi..

Indlela yokukhipha isikhwama futhi usebenze inetha yebhola lempande

Ukukhipha isikhwama sepulasitiki esivikela izimpande zezimpande kubalulekile, ngoba asikwazi ukubola futhi singaminyanisa izimpande noma kuvimbele ukumuncwa kwamanzi.. Yenza lokhu ngokucophelela ukuze uvikele i-substrate yebhola lempande ukuthi ingabhidliki.

Ngaphakathi kwesikhwama, ngokuvamile uzothola i-biodegradable mesh ezungeze ibhola lempande. Ochwepheshe abaningi bayeluleka ukushiya i-mesh endaweni, njengoba isiza ukubamba inhlabathi ndawonye futhi ibole ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Kodwa-ke, uma uthola ukuthi i-mesh iqine kakhulu noma izimpande zidonsa kanzima ukuphuma, yenza ukusikeka okungajulile ngaphandle kokudiliza ibhola lempande ukuze kube lula ukukhula.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Scion Grafting: izidingo, izinhlobo, namasu ochwepheshe achazwe kabanzi ngezihlahla zezithelo

I-Pre-hydration: faka ibhola lempande

Ngaphambi kokutshala isihlahla, cwilisa impande yezimpande ebhakedeni lamanzi ahlanzekile cishe imizuzu eyi-10-15.Ngale ndlela, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi nezimpande zifakwe emanzini ngaphambi kokutshala. Lesi senzo esilula sinciphisa ukucindezelwa kwamanzi futhi sisiza isihlahla sezithelo ukuthi sivumelane nomhlabathi omusha.

Ukulungiswa nokuxuba ama-substrates okutshala

Ngenkathi izimpande zezimpande zimanzisa amanzi, lungisa ingxube yomhlabathi ozoyisebenzisa ukuvala umgodi uma usutshale isihlahla sesithelo.Ingxube ekahle ingu-50% inhlabathi yendawo yonke kanye no-50% wokubunjwa kwezikelemu noma umquba. Uma inhlabathi inobumba kakhulu noma ihlangene, engeza isihlabathi esimahhadla noma i-perlite ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi uvimbele ukugcwala kwamanzi.

• Ukubunjwa komquba kanye nezikelemu kunikeza izinto eziphilayo, kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi kukhuthaze ukumila kwezimpande..
• Ukungena kahle komoya kanye nokukhipha amanzi kubalulekile ukuze ugweme izifo zesikhunta kanye nokuphelelwa umoya kwezimpande..

Uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nokuvunda komhlabathi, ungacela ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo futhi ulungise ukuvundisa kwakho ngendlela efanele.

Ungatshala kanjani isihlahla sezithelo emgodini (noma ebhodweni)

Beka impande yezimpande phakathi nendawo yembobo, uqinisekise ukuthi i-graft (uma inayo) ihlale ingaphezu komhlabathi.Iphuzu lokuxhunyelelwa livame ukubonakala njengeqhubu noma isibazi esiphansi kwesiqu, futhi akufanele neze limbozwe ukuvimbela ukubola kanye nezifo.

Gcwalisa imbobo ngengxube yenhlabathi elungisiwe, uyihlanganise ngobumnene ngezandla noma ngezinyawo zakho ukuze ukhiphe amaphakethe omoya. Cindezela phansi kodwa ungakudlulisi, ukuze ungaminyanisi umhlabathi ngokweqile. futhi uvumele izimpande ziphefumule.

Uma inhlabathi ixega kakhulu, ungakha umgodi omncane noma umgodi wesihlahla eduze kwesiqu. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuchelela futhi kugcine umswakama eduze nezimpande emasontweni ambalwa okuqala.

Ukuchelela kokuqala emva kokutshala

Nisela isihlahla ngesandla esivulekile ngokushesha nje lapho usitshala, ngisho noma izimpande zezimpande zimanzi kusukela ekucwilisweni kwangaphambilini.Lokhu kuchelela kokuqala kuhlalisa inhlabathi ezungeze izimpande, kuqede amaphakethe omoya okungenzeka, futhi kuqala ukumanzisa imvelo yezimpande.

Emasontweni alandelayo, phuzisa njalo kodwa ugweme amanzi amile. Vumela ungqimba olungaphezulu lome kancane ngaphambi kokunisela futhi. Amanzi amaningi angelinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile avimbela izihlahla zezithelo ezisanda kutshalwa ukuthi zimile kahle..

Ukunakekela nokuqapha ngemva kokutshala

Qhubeka ubheka isihlahla sezithelo emasontweni ambalwa okuqala.Kuvamile ukuthi isihlahla silahlekelwe amaqabunga athile noma sibonise izimpawu zokwehla kancane ngemva kokutshala. Kodwa-ke, uma ngemva kwamasonto angu-2-3 kungabonisi ngcono noma kubonisa ngokucacile izimpawu zesifo, hlola imvamisa yokukhipha amanzi kanye nokunisela, futhi ukhiphe izinambuzane noma amagciwane.

Kunconyiwe Faka umthamo omncane womanyolo ophilayo njalo emavikini ayi-6-8 phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi impofu. Uma uhlala endaweni enomoya, sebenzisa isigxobo ukugcina isihlahla sesithelo siqondile futhi uvimbele umoya ukuthi ungaphuli izimpande ezincane.

Amathiphu ochwepheshe kanye nama-FAQ

• Khetha izinhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo ezivumelana kahle nesimo sezulu sakho kanye nokuma kwengadi yakho noma ithala.
• Gwema ukutshala ngezinsuku ezinomoya, ezishisayo, noma ezibandayo., njengoba ukucindezeleka kwemvelo kunciphisa impumelelo yokufakelwa.
• Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola izimpande zezimpande ezibolile noma izifo. bese ususa izingxenye ezilimele ngesikelo esifakwe amagciwane.
• Ungalisusi inetha ebholeni lempande ngaphandle uma liqine kakhulu. noma isaziso izimpande eziphithene noma eziminyanisiwe. Uma uwasika, kwenze ngokuqapha.
• Uma uthenga izihlahla zezithelo eziningana esikhwameni, tshala ama-specimens amancane kuqala., njengoba zijwayela kangcono futhi zikhula ngokushesha.
• Qaphela ukuvela kwamaqabunga: Ukuba phuzi kungase kubonise ukuntuleka kwezakhi, amanzi, noma izinkinga zokugcwala kwamanzi.
• Sebenzisa abafundisi ezihlahleni ezincane ukuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungawawisi phansi ngaphambi kokuba izimpande zimiswe kahle.
• Khumbula ukuthi ungasimbozi umhlabathi. futhi ulungise izinga lokutshala ukuze libonakale ngaphezu komhlaba.

Ukuvimbela izifo kanye nezinambuzane ezihlahleni zezithelo ezisanda kutshalwa

Izihlahla zezithelo ezisanda kutshalwa kabusha zisengozini enkulu yezifo nezinambuzane ezithile.. Ukunciphisa ubungozi:

• Amathuluzi okubulala amagciwane ngaphambi nangemva kokusetshenziswa. ebholeni lempande noma ngesikhathi sokuthena.
• Hlola impande yezimpande ukuze uthole ukhunta, izibungu, noma umonakalo obonakalayo.Uma ungabaza, sebenzisa umkhiqizo wokuvikela izitshalo obanzi ofanele izihlahla zezithelo ngaphambi kokutshala.
• Njalo nisela phansi kwesiqu futhi ugweme ukumanzisa amahlamvu, kanye nokukhukhula emhlabathini.
• Susa amaqabunga awile kanye nemfucumfucu yezitshalo eduze kwesiqu ukuvimbela imithombo yokutheleleka nokuheha izinambuzane eziwusizo.

Uma isifunda sakho sijwayele ukuba nesikhunta noma izinambuzane ezithile (ezifana ne-anarsia, aphid, noma mealybugs), thintana nemikhiqizo yokuvimbela ehambisana nokulima okuphilayo.

Amaphutha avamile lapho utshala izihlahla zezithelo ezikhwameni

• Ukutshala kujule kakhulu, ukumboza isixhumi noma ingxenye yesiqu.
• Shiya isikhwama sepulasitiki, eliklinya izimpande futhi lizimince.
• Ukunganaki ukuchelela noma ukukhukhula: kokubili okweqisayo kulimaza izimpande.
• Ungafaki izinto eziphilayo noma uhlole isimo sebhola lempande ngaphambi kokutshala.
• Ukungavikeli isihlahla emoyeni onamandla lapho ingakagxili kahle.

Izinhlobo ezinconyiwe nokucatshangelwa kokuxhunyelelwa

Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo ezifakwe emasakeni ezitholakala ezinkulisa ziyaxhunyelelwa.Lokhu kungenxa yezinzuzo zezimpande ezingazweli kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethelwe ukunambitheka, ukukhiqiza, nokuqina. Phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo ezivame kakhulu ama-apula, amapheya, ama-cherry, amapentshisi, i-nectarine, iplamu, ama-alimondi, amakhiwane, ama-walnut, ama-persimmon kanye nezihlahla zequince.

Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi i-graft iyabonakala futhi ayingcwatshwa. Ezihlahleni zezithelo lapho impova iyadingeka (ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-apula noma zama-cherry), ukuzitshala eduze nezinye izinhlobo ezihambisanayo kuzothuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukunakekelwa kwangemuva nokugcinwa konyaka

Ngonyaka wokuqala, gcina ukuchelela njalo futhi uvikele isiqu emonakalweni wemishini (ukushaywa kwamathuluzi, ama-lawnmowers, izilwane). Ezifundeni ezinehlobo elomile, vala isisekelo ngongqimba lwe-mulch yezitshalo. ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka nokuncintisana kokhula.

Ukuqeqeshwa ukuthenwa kungaqala ngemva konyaka wokuqalaUma isihlahla sesithelo sesiqinile, qala ukuthena ngobumnene kusukela entwasahlobo yesibili kuya phambili ukusiza ukubumba nokuqinisa isihlahla, ngaphandle kokukhipha amahlamvu angaphezu kuka-25% ngesikhathi.

Eminyakeni elandelayo, hlola isimo se-graft njalo entwasahlobo, hlola ukuba khona kwamahlumela asendle noma ama-suckers, futhi ubheke noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo noma ukuntuleka komsoco.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokutshala izihlahla zezithelo ezikhwameni

• Ngingakwazi ukutshala noma yisiphi isihlahla sezithelo esikhwameni? Izihlahla zezithelo ezifakwe emasakeni ezivame ukutholakala ezinkulisa ziyaxhunyelelwa futhi zijwayelane kahle nokutshalwa emhlabathini noma ebhodweni elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ekutshaleni isikhathi eside ezikhwameni (ngaphandle kokutshala kabusha), izinhlobo ezincanyana noma zekholomu yizona ezinconywa kakhulu.
• Ngizoqala nini ukuvuna izithelo? Kuncike ohlotsheni. Ezinye zithela izithelo eminyakeni engu-2-3 (i-citrus, iplamu encane, izihlahla zamakhiwane), kanti ezinye zingathatha iminyaka engu-4-5 (i-walnut, i-apula, i-cherry).
• Okufanele ukwenze uma isihlahla sigula ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha? Hlola amanzi kanye nomswakama, susa izindawo ezilimele, futhi usebenzise imithi ethile. Xhumana nochwepheshe uma isifo sikhula ngokushesha.
• Ingabe kuyadingeka ukuvundisa ngemva kokutshala? Ukusetshenziswa okulula komanyolo we-organic noma umquba njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3 phakathi nonyaka wokuqala ngokuvamile kwanele, ukugwema umanyolo wamakhemikhali ngokweqile.
• Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ebusika? Vikela isisekelo nge-mulch, qinisekisa ukuthi isihlahla asivezwa umoya onamandla, obandayo, futhi unciphise ukuchelela uma isimo sezulu simanzi kakhulu noma kubanda.

Ukuchitha amahora ambalwa ngokutshala kahle isihlahla sesithelo esinezikhwama kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlahla sakho sizokhula, sikhiqize izithelo ezinempilo, futhi sihlale siqinile iminyaka. Ngalezi zinyathelo, amathiphu, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha, umzamo wokuqala uzohumushela ekuvuneni okuyinala kanye nengadi egcwele impilo kanye nokunambitheka.