Isihlahla sikaphayini esineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala siwile ePlaza de España eGuadalajara ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala futhi kwaphoqa ukuthi kuqiniswe izinyathelo zokuphepha ngenxa yesiphepho.
Amacala ezibungu ezilandelanayo ayanda eSpain. Izingozi zezinja nezingane, ukwelashwa emapaki, kanye namathiphu abalulekile okugwema izinkinga.
Amakhulu ezihlahla zikaphayini eziwile ngenxa yeziphepho eSpain: izimbangela, izingozi emapaki nasemigwaqweni kanye nendlela omasipala bendawo kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ezisabela ngayo.
Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla zephayini ezingu-571 ngokungemthetho eHornillos de Eresma: umonakalo ongu-€46.000, i-biomass eLeón kanye nophenyo lobugebengu oluqhutshwa yiCivil Guard luyaqhubeka.
Indlela izihlahla zikaKhisimusi eziqoqwa futhi zisetshenziswe ngayo kabusha: imikhankaso yokuqoqa, izindawo zokulethwa kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo njengomquba kanye ne-mulch.
Umuthi omkhulu wephayini uyawa ePlaza de los Sitios eZaragoza ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala, okuvuselela impikiswano mayelana nokuphepha kwezihlahla zasemadolobheni.
Umuthi wephayini odumile waseFuentepiña ugawuliwe ngemuva kwesiphepho. Funda ngempilo yawo yesibili kanye nendima "yephayini yendodana" eMoguer.
Indlela iphayini yaseCorsican ebuya ngayo eSierra del Carche: ukwelashwa kwe-silvicultural, ukutshala okusha kanye nokusekelwa kweYurophu ukusindisa leli hlathi eliyingqayizivele.
I-Terrassa iqinisa ukulawulwa kwesibungu sephayini ngamakhola ezihlahleni kanye nezeluleko ezibalulekile ezakhamuzini zokugwema izingozi kubantu nasezifuyweni.
Isihlahla sikaphayini siyawa ePlaza de los Sitios eZaragoza. Thola ukuthi kwenzekeni, ukuthi uMkhandlu Wedolobha uthini, nokuthi imithi yasemadolobheni iphathwa kanjani.
Izinhlobo zezihlahla zikaKhisimusi, umthelela emvelweni, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nezitayela zokuhlobisa ezihlala isikhathi eside ukukusiza ukhethe esikufanele kakhulu.
Izinkinga zempilo kanye nezinambuzane ezihambisana nokuthenga izihlahla zikaKhisimusi zemvelo. Funda mayelana nezingozi nezindlela ezibalulekile zokuzinciphisa ekhaya lakho.
I-Boadilla ne-Ibiza iqinisa impi yokulwa nesibungu se-pine processionary: i-endotherapy, ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulawula okuphelele ukuvikela izihlahla zikaphayini kanye nenani labantu.
U-Huermur uyaphumelela ekwenzeni izihlahla zikaphayini zamakhulu eminyaka zifakwe eChurra ohlwini Olubomvu. Kusele abayisikhombisa kuphela kwabangama-26. Izimbangela, izinyathelo, nokuthi yini edingekayo.
I-Tres Cantos kanye ne-Los Barrios zisebenzisa i-endotherapy ukulwa nesibungu esihambayo. Izindawo zesenzo, ubungozi, nezeluleko.
Izinsuku, izindawo, kanye nezindlela zokulawula inundu ye-pine processionary: i-endotherapy, isifutho, namathiphu okuphepha ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Imikhankaso, ukwelashwa, namathiphu okulawula isibungu esihamba emahlathini kaphayini nasemadolobheni. Bona izinsuku ezibalulekile nezinyathelo zokuphepha.
I-Puebla itshala izihlahla zikaphayini ezingu-50 e-La Malinche ezine-CONAFOR ne-CONNANP; bafaka i-NOM-019 ukunqanda ibhungane lamagxolo futhi babuyisele ihlathi.
I-Torrent iqinisa i-pine processionary moth nge-endotherapy. Umnqamulajuqu, imininingwane yokuxhumana, nezinyathelo zokuvikela omakhelwane, izilwane ezifuywayo, nezihlahla.
Izihlahla zikaphayini ezineminyaka engamakhulu ayisithupha ubudala zithola ukuchelelwa futhi zicela ukuthi kuvulwe umsele wokunisela. Izinyathelo, izibalo, nalabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ikusasa labo.
I-Baza, i-Punta Umbría, ne-Torrelodones iqinisa ukulawulwa kwezibungu ezilandelanayo nge-endotherapy ephephile nephumelelayo. Izinsuku, izindawo, nezilinganiso.
Imisebenzi yangaphandle yezingane ezineminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-9 e-Los Pinos. Ishejuli, izintengo, nokubhaliswa kuvulwa e-Plasencia.
Izihlahla zikaphayini ngemva kwemililo: umonakalo, ubungozi, nezinyathelo zokubuyisela ngezibonelo namathiphu asebenzayo.
U-Huermur uyaxwayisa: U-70% wamaphayini we-Churra wekhulunyaka ubudala anyamalele. Okhiye becala nezinye izinsongo ezihlahleni zase-Spain.
Funda ngezinzuzo zezinaliti zikaphayini: izakhiwo, amakhambi, izindlela zokupheka, izinhlobo eziwusizo, nezinyathelo zokuphepha. Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo onezithombe.
Thola ukusetshenziswa kwegxolo likaphayini: i-mulch, ingadi, nokuningi. Izicelo, izinzuzo, namafomethi, kanye namathiphu asebenzayo engadini yakho.
Funda konke mayelana ne-Scots pine: ukunakekelwa, ukuhlonza, ukusetshenziswa, izifo, kanye nomthelela wawo kwemvelo. Umhlahlandlela ophelele wama-hobbyists kanye nochwepheshe.
Zitholele amathiphu angcono kakhulu okunakekela izihlahla ze-Norfolk Pine ezingadini nasendlini. Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokunisela, ukukhanya, inhlabathi, nezinkinga ezivamile.
Zitholele zonke izici ezibalulekile zikaphayini waseCanary Island: izici, ukutshala, ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko, kanye nendima yawo endaweni yemvelo yaseCanary Islands.
Thola izici kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphayini waseSiberia. Funda ngezinambuzane zayo, ukunakekelwa, ukusakazeka kwayo, kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo.
Zitholele ukuthi unjani uphayini we-Aleppo, izici zawo, nokunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uyachuma engadini yakho yaseMedithera. Lonke ulwazi lapha!
Funda indlela yokukhulisa uphayini wamatshe, okuhlanganisa izici zawo, indawo yokuhlala, ukusetshenziswa, nokunakekelwa. Umhlahlandlela onemininingwane wokutshala ngempumelelo amantongomane kaphayini engadini yakho.
Zitholele indlela yokukhetha, ukuvikela, nokugcina ukhuni lukaphayini engadini yakho. Izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa, amathiphu, kanye nokwelashwa kwengadi yemvelo nesimeme.
U-Álava umemezela isifo, futhi u-Huesca wenza ukwelashwa ngesibungu sikaphayini. Izindawo ezithintekile, ubungozi, nohlelo lwesenzo.
Izexwayiso zomakhelwane nezindlela zokuphepha ezilandela ukugawulwa kwamaphayini wasendulo wasolwandle e-Salinetas zivusa inkulumo-mpikiswano nokukhathazeka.
I-pine banding fungus yisifo sokukhunta okuthi, uma sesihlonziwe, singaqedwa kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yamasu.
Thola ukuthi kungani izihlahla zikaphayini ezimbili zagawulwa ogwini lwasePalnova nokuthi umkhandlu wedolobha uhlela kanjani ukubuyisela indawo ezungezile ngemva kokungenelela.
Thola ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-stone pine bonsai: ukuchelela, ukuthena, ama-substrates, izinambuzane, namathiphu okukhula okunempilo, okumangalisayo.
Konke mayelana nokuthi izihlahla zikaphayini zinakekelwa kanjani, zigawulwe kabusha, futhi zigawulwa kanjani emadolobheni: ukuphepha, ezempilo, kanye nokwakheka kwezwe emapaki asemadolobheni.
Amagagasi okushisa nomlilo eCerro de los Pinos e-Cáceres. Bona ukuthunyelwa kwezicishamlilo kanye nesimo sobungozi obukhulu obuthinta i-Extremadura.
Thola ukunakekelwa okufanele, izinhlobo, kanye nendlela yokuhlonza i-columnar cacti. Umhlahlandlela ophelele womlimi kanye namathiphu okunakekela ochwepheshe.
Ukukhathazeka ngamahlathi kaphayini asemadolobheni nawemvelo: izingozi zesomiso, imililo, nezinselele zokunakekelwa. Thola izinselele namaphrojekthi.
Ukugawulwa kukaphayini, isomiso, nezinambuzane kuyinkinga ezindaweni eziluhlaza zasemadolobheni. Nansi indlela yokuphatha nokuvikela ikusasa lamahlathi ethu kaphayini.
Funda ukuthi ungawavikela kanjani amaphayini asendulo nokuthi kungani ebalulekile emahlathini. Amasu nokunakekela ukongiwa kwazo kwemvelo nokusimeme.
Thola izinhlobo zikaphayini namafir, umehluko wazo, nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani. Funda ukuthi ungazikhomba kanjani futhi uzigcine zinempilo engadini noma ebhodweni lakho. Qedela umhlahlandlela!
Zitholele indlela yokwenza isitayela nokugcina utshani bakho bokwenziwa obuphelele. Amathiphu ochwepheshe, amathuluzi, namasu engadini ehlala iluhlaza. Funda umhlahlandlela!
Zitholele amaqiniso athakazelisayo, ukunakekelwa, namathiphu okuthi ungawutshala kuphi uphayini wakho kalamula nokuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ukukhula kwawo okuhle kakhulu.
Funda indlela yokunakekela i-Pinus pinaster engadini yakho, okuhlanganisa namathiphu asebenzayo, ukukhiqiza kabusha, ukusetshenziswa, namaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nalo phayini oqinile waseMedithera.
Zitholele izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu namasu okuqeda isibungu sikaphayini, uvikele izihlahla zakho, futhi uvimbele ubungozi kubantu nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Thola ukuthi kungani isihlahla sakho sikaphayini osebhodweni siwoma, izimbangela ezivame kakhulu, nezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokubuyisela nokugcina isihlahla sikaphayini esinempilo ekhaya.
Thola ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani iJuniperus Icee Blue: izici, indawo, ukuchelela, ukuthena, namathiphu okukhula. Guqula ingadi yakho!
Thola ukuthi ungatshala nini futhi kanjani izihlahla zikaphayini engadini yakho: izinyathelo, amathiphu, ukunakekelwa, namaphutha okufanele uwagweme. Jabulela izihlahla zikaphayini ezinempilo, ezinamahlamvu iminyaka.
Thola zonke izinzuzo nokusetshenziswa kwezinaliti zikaphayini engadini. Funda ukuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani ukuze uthuthukise izitshalo zakho nomhlabathi.
Zitholele izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamaphayini ongawatshala, ukuthi ungazikhetha kanjani futhi uzinakekele engadini yakho. Umhlahlandlela wezinhlobo, amathiphu asebenzayo, nezithombe zangempela.
Zitholele amaphayini namaconifers afanelekile angadi anoma yimuphi usayizi. Ukukhetha, ukunakekelwa, kanye namathiphu asebenzayo okuthola indawo eluhlaza ekhangayo nehlala isikhathi eside.
Zitholele ukuthi uzithena nini futhi kanjani izihlahla zikaphayini engadini yakho, okufaka amathiphu, amasu, amaphutha ajwayelekile, nezithombe zesinyathelo nesinyathelo. Gcina izihlahla zakho zikaphayini ziphilile futhi ziphephile!
Thola ukuthi ungasinakekela kanjani ngempumelelo isihlahla sikaphayini esisebhodweni: ukukhetha kwezinhlobo, ukuchelela, ukukhanyisa, ukuthena, nezixazululo zezinkinga ezivamile. Gcina isihlahla sakho sikaphayini sinempilo futhi sisihle.
Amahlathi kaphayini waseSpain ahlushwa ukugawulwa kwemithi okukhulu kanye nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Funda ngezimbangela, izixazululo, kanye nezinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu.
Funda ukuthi ungasinakekela kanjani isihlahla sakho sikalamula kalamula ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ukuchelela, ukufaka umquba, ukulawula izinambuzane, nendawo. Thola ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani inempilo futhi iyinhle.
Izinkinga nezixazululo zezihlahla zikaphayini eSpain: izinambuzane, isomiso, ukuphathwa kwamahlathi, kanye nemakethe yezingodo. Ulwazi olubalulekile kanye nemikhuba engcono kakhulu.
Funda indlela yokunakekela nokukhulisa izihlahla zikaphayini we-ponderosa: ukuchelela, ukuthena, inhlabathi, izinambuzane, nokuningi kulo mhlahlandlela osebenzayo nonemininingwane.
Zitholele izimfihlo ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa kwebhonsai kaphayini omnyama waseJapan. Umhlahlandlela ophelele, amasu ochwepheshe, namathiphu avela ongcweti baseJapan!
Funda ngomthelela webhungane le-longicorn i-Monochamus galloprovincialis emahlathini kaphayini, indlela yokuwubona, kanye namasu okulawula angcono kakhulu.
Zitholele umthelela we-Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ezihlahleni zikaphayini, okuhlanganisa nezimpawu, ukulawulwa, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-nematode eyingozi kakhulu emahlathini e-coniferous.
Zitholele ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kanye namasu ophayini wetshe onempilo: ukutshala, ukunisela, izinambuzane, nezimfihlo ze-Pinus pinea. Thola amantongomane kaphayini wekhwalithi!
Thola ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani futhi uyinakekele kanjani i-Pinus mugo. Umhlahlandlela onemininingwane womhlabathi, ukunisela, ukuthena, kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ilungele noma iyiphi ingadi!
Funda indlela yokunakekela uphayini omncane ofakwe embizeni: i-substrate, ukuchelela, ukuthena, nokubeka. Thola kalula isihlahla sikaphayini esinempilo nesihlobisa ekhaya lakho.
Hlola izindlela zemvelo phakathi kwezihlahla zikaphayini: ubuciko bangaphandle, ukugibela izintaba, nezindawo eziyingqayizivele. Zitholele okuhlangenwe nakho okungalibaleki namasiko eceleni kwemvelo.
Zitholele uphayini omnyama: izici, indawo yokuhlala, ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo, kanye nezinkuni. Konke mayelana ne-Pinus uncinata kanye nendima yayo ezintabeni eziphakeme.
Funda konke mayelana ne-pine processionary moth: ubungozi kubantu nezilwane ezifuywayo, ukulimala kwehlathi, umjikelezo wempilo, nezindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo.
Funda konke mayelana nophayini: izinhlobo, ukunakekelwa, ukusetshenziswa, izakhiwo, kanye nendima yawo yemvelo. Umhlahlandlela ophelele onolwazi olubalulekile namathiphu asebenzayo.
Thola izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthena zezihlahla zikaphayini. Funda ukuthi ungathena nini futhi kanjani izihlahla zakho zikaphayini ukuze ube nengadi enempilo, ephephile, nenhle.
Thola izici nokunakekelwa kukaphayini omnyama, isihlahla esiqinile nesihlobisa, esilungele ingadi yakho noma ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi.
Funda konke mayelana ne-Insigne Pine: izici, ukunakekelwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinkuni zayo.
Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani uphayini wetshe, ufunde ukuthi ungawunakekela kanjani, nokuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani amantongomane awo abalulekile kaphayini.
Zitholele konke mayelana ne-white fir Picea glauca 'Conica', isihlahla sikaKhisimusi esikahle okulula ukusinakekela nokusihlobisa.
