Ukuzalanisa kwezihlahla kubalulekile ekuqhubekiseni izinhlobo zezilwane, ukuthola izibonelo ezinempilo, nokwandisa ingadi yethu noma isiza. izindlela ezahlukene zokukhiqiza, kokubili ngokocansi kanye ne-asexual, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo, izici ezithile, kanye nezinhlobo ezilungele yona. Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka nge-akhawunti ebanzi, enembile, nehambisana nesikhathi yamasu ayinhloko, ithatha kukho kokubili ulwazi lwendabuko kanye nezinto ezintsha zakamuva eziqashwe abalimi, abasebenzi basenkulisa, kanye nochwepheshe bezitshalo.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi: ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu nengokwemvelo yokuzalanisa ezihlahleni ivela embewini. Imbewu ngayinye iwumphumela wenhlanganisela yofuzo lwabazali bayo, ngakho izitshalo eziba umphumela zingahluka ezicini ezihlukahlukene zesitshalo esingumzali, okuholela emiphakathini ehlukahlukene ngofuzo. Lokhu kungaba yinzuzo ekudaleni izihlahla ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo, eziguquguqukayo, futhi ezingavikelekile kakhulu ezifweni. Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, ezisiza ukunqoba i-dormancy nokuthuthukisa ukuhluma.
- Ukuhlwanyela okuqondile: Imbewu iqoqwa futhi ihlwanyelwe ngqo emibhedeni yembewu noma endaweni yokugcina.
- Ukucwilisa kwangaphambilini: Imbewu icwiliswa emanzini amahora angu-24 ukuze kuthambise ukunamathela futhi kube lula ukugeleza kombungu.
- Ukwehlukaniswa okubandayoSibeka imbewu emazingeni okushisa aphansi (cishe u-6°C) izinyanga ezimbalwa esiqandisini. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezisuka ezindaweni ezipholile ezidinga ubusika obulingisa ukuze ziqhume.
- Ukuhlukaniswa okushisayo: Ukushisa kusetshenziselwa ukulingisa ihlobo, okuthandwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezivela ezindaweni ezifudumele.
- Ukushaqeka okushisayo: Lokhu kuhilela ukucwilisa imbewu emanzini abilayo imizuzwana embalwa bese emanzini okushisa kwegumbi amahora angu-24. Ikhuthaza ukuhluma, ikakhulukazi embewini enamagobolondo aqinile.
- Ukwanda: Ukucwiliswa kwesihlabathi kwegobolondo kukhuthaza ukuhamba kwamanzi nokuhluma.
Uhlobo ngalunye lungadinga ukwelashwa kwembewu okuhlukile.. Isibonelo, i ijazi imila kalula uma isisekelo sethambo sishiywe emanzini, kanti ezinye zidinga ukuhlukaniswa noma ukukhishwa. Okwezinhlobo ezifana I-Acacia Ukushaqeka okushisayo kuyanconywa, futhi Acer i-stratification ebandayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Asexual: izindlela eziyinhloko
Iziqinisekiso zokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Asexual izitshalo ezifanayo nomama, ukulondoloza izici zabo zofuzo (umbala, ukunambitheka, ukumelana). Ilungele ukuthola ama-specimens afanayo futhi yaziswa kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezingakhiqizi imbewu ephilayo noma ekukhiqizeni izinhlobo ezikhethiwe.
- Izithelo: Kuqukethe ukusika igatsha noma isiqu nokugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande ngokusebenzisa ama-hormone ezimpande kanye nezimo zomswakama. Izinqamuli zingaba ngokhuni, zibe yi-semi-woody noma zibe neziqu eziluhlaza, kuye ngokuthi inkathi nesitshalo. Kutuswa ukuba uwagcine ezindaweni ezivikelekile elangeni eliqondile kuze kuvele izimpande, inqubo engathatha kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni.
- OkuhleliweKuyindlela yokusabalalisa lapho igatsha elisanamathele esitshalweni esingumzali lingcwatshwa ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele, okugqugquzela ukukhula kwezimpande ngaphambi kokuyihlukanisa. Kungaba lula, ukuphindaphindeka, umsele, noma ukwendlaleka komoya, lokhu kokugcina kulungele izinhlobo ezineziqu eziqinile noma lezo ezingagxili kalula ekusikeni. Ukwendlalela kuvamile ku-ficus, i-jasmine, i-bougainvillea, nezinye izihlahla eziningi zokuhlobisa.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-clumps, ama-rhizomes, ama-bulb kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa: Kuvamile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-shrub, kodwa futhi isetshenziswa ezihlahleni ezihluma kusukela esisekelweni noma isakhiwo sazo esingaphansi komhlaba esivumela ukuhlukana. Ivumela ukuphindaphindeka okusheshayo kwezibonelo ezifanayo.
- Ukusikwa kwezimpandeIwusizo kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezivame ukuthumela amahlumela ezimpandeni ezinamandla, njenge-ailanthus noma izihlahla zezithelo.
Izindlela zokuxhunyelelwa nezithuthukile zokuphindaphinda
El umsebenzi Ingenye yezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokukhiqiza i-asexual. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa igatsha (scion) lohlobo olufunwayo kanye nesiqu noma igatsha (isiphunzi) sesinye isitshalo. Lapho inyunyana ihlanganiswa, sonke isitshalo sikhula njengento ephilayo eyodwa, sihlanganisa izimfanelo zakho kokubili. Kubalulekile ezihlahleni zezithelo, lapho umgomo uwukuthuthukisa izinga lezithelo noma ukuqina kwesimiso sezimpande.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-grafts:
- I-Bud graft (T noma isihlangu)
- IsiNgisi noma i-cleft graft
- Side ngokuxhunyelelwa kanye veneering
Kubalulekile ukuthi kokubili i-scion kanye ne-rootstock kuhambisane nokuthi i-cambium yazo zombili izingxenye ixhumeke kahle. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinqubo, ungafunda ukuthi zisebenza kanjani. i-graft yesiNgisi.
Ukukhetha indlela ngokuya ngezinhlobo namaphutha ajwayelekile
Indlela ngayinye inezinhlobo zayo ezithandwayo nezingafaneleki kangako. Isibonelo, ama-conifers avame ukuphindaphinda kangcono ngembewu, kanti ezinye izihlahla zezithelo ngokuxhunyelelwa. Kubalulekile ukucabangela:
- Isimo sokuvuthwa kwempahla: Imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokusikwa itholakala ngeziqu esigabeni esimaphakathi (akukho luhlaza kakhulu noma okuqinile).
- Isikhathi sonyaka:Impumelelo yokusabalalisa iyahlukahluka ngokwenkathi kanye nesimo sezulu.
- Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwama-hormone e-rooting futhi uvimbele ukomiswa kwempahla yezitshalo.
- Gcina amathuluzi ehlanzekile futhi isibulala-magciwane kuvimbela ukubhebhetheka kwezifo.
Izindlela ezintsha kanye nokucatshangelwa kwamanje
Ngaphezu kwezindlela zakudala, kukhona amasu athuthukile anjengokuthi ukuvuselelwa kwe-embryogenic somatic elabhorethri ukuze kutholwe amahlathi ama-clonal, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa F1 ama-hybrids noma ukukhetha ukuzalanisa kungase kwenyuse ukukhiqizwa, kodwa kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokungazweli isikhathi eside.
Impilo yezimpande ibalulekile empumelelweni yesikhathi eside yesihlahla. Ukusetshenziswa kwamapulaki afanelekile neziqukathi Ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande eziqinile, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande eziyindilinga noma ezilimele ezizothinta ukuzivumelanisa kwazo nokufakelwa kokugcina.
Ukukhetha okulungile kwendlela yokusabalalisa, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokucophelela, nolwazi lwezimpawu ezithile zohlobo ngalunye kukhulisa kakhulu impumelelo yokuthola izihlahla ezintsha, eziqinile, ezinempilo ezijwayelane nendawo yazo. Kokubili izimfundamakhwela nezingcweti zingazuza kulolu lwazi ukuze kwandiswe ubuhle, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwengadi yabo noma amahlathi.
Isithombe esiyinhloko - i-Pixabay
Imininingwane engaphezulu - Ukuzalwa kwesihlahla, ingxenye I.