Yini ama-mealybugs?
Ama-Mealybugs Zimelela esinye sezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu nezilimazayo zezitshalo, kokubili ezingadini nasezinsimini zezithelo, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nezitshalo zasendlini. Kunjalo izinambuzane ze-parasite Ukuhamba okuphansi kakhulu esimweni sazo sabantu abadala futhi, uma sekuhlanganiswe nomsingathi wabo, kumbozwa nge-waxy, ungqimba lwe-cottony noma igobolondo eliqinile eliwavikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye namakhemikhali. Kukhona mayelana Izinhlobo ezingama-2.000 ye-mealybugs emhlabeni wonke, ngayinye eyingcweti ekuhlaseleni izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo.
I-Woodlice, njenge izintwala noma ama-thrips, anomlomo omuncayo awenza ngawo Bakhipha ubisi ezitshalweniLokhu kudla okunezinambuzane kusenza buthaka ngokushesha isitshalo futhi, lapho sihlaselwa kakhulu, kungabangela ukomisa, ukuwa kwamaqabunga, nokufa kwamagatsha noma isitshalo sonke.
Izihloko ze-Características:
- Ukuhamba okuphansi Esigabeni sabantu abadala: yizibungu kuphela (abakhasayo) abahambayo ngaphambi kokunamathisela.
- Ikhava yokuvikela kulula ukuyibona: kungaba yi-cottony, i-waxy noma iqinile (njengezikali noma amagobolondo).
- Ukudla ngokusekelwe ekumunceni ubisi, okubangela ukulimala okuqondile nokungaqondile (uju kanye nesikhunta).
Ungawabona kanjani ama-mealybugs ezitshalweni
Ama-Mealybugs ngokuvamile ahlala izindawo ezingabonakali kancane yesitshalo, njengangaphansi kwamaqabunga, ama-axils noma imithambo, isisekelo seziqu, amahlumela amancane, kanye nasezithelweni. Ubukhulu bawo obuncane kanye nokufihlakala kwawo kwenza kube nzima ukukubona ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhlaselwa.
- Abathintekayo bangakwazi bukeka unamathele futhi sethula ifilimu ekhaliphile.
- Umumo omncane izigaxa eyindilinga, emide noma eyi-oval, ngokuvamile ayinyakazi.
- ukukhishwa kwe molasses (uketshezi olunoshukela olunamathelayo) oluthanda ukubonakala kwesikhunta njenge ngesibindi.
- Ukuba khona kwezintuthwane, ezisebenza njengama-mutualists ezinambuzane zesikali ngokuqoqa amazolo enyosi yazo.
Izimpawu ezitshalweni zihlanganisa yellowing kanye deformation of amaqabunga, ukuwohloka okujwayelekile, ukuwa kwamaqabunga, isithelo esinamabala noma esingalungile, namagatsha omile. Uma ukuhlaselwa kunamandla, lesi sitshalo singase sife, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezincane noma ezibuthakathaka.
Izinhlobo ze-mealybugs ezithinta izitshalo
Ama-Mealybugs angahlukaniswa abe ngamaqembu amaningana ngokuya ngokubukeka kwawo kanye nezici zebhayoloji. Ngezansi, sichaza eziyinhloko. izinhlobo zama-mealybugs ezilimaza izitshalo nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, ngezibonelo ezithile nokuthi zingahlukaniswa kanjani:
- Ama-Mealybugs (I-pseudococcidae)
- Izinambuzane zesikali esinamagobolondo aqinile noma ama-diaspinas (i-diaspididae)
- I-leathery integument noma izinambuzane zesikali se-lecanine (Lecaniidae)
- Izinambuzane ze-grooved scale (Icerya ukuthenga)
- Izintwala zeCitrus (izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene: I-Aonidiella, i-Aspidiotus, i-Parlatoria, njll.)
- Umuthi wesundu obomvu i-mealybug (I-Phoenicococcus marlatti)
- Isikali somvini (I-Planococcus ficus)
- Izinkuni (I-Oniscidea)
I-Mealybug (I-Planococcus citri nabanye)
Kuqashelwa yiwo ukubukeka okumhlophe ukotini, amaqabunga amboze, ama-petioles, nezithelo ngento emhlophe, enemicu. Ezinsikazi, ezifika ku-6 mm ubude, zibuthana emakoloni abonakala kakhulu. Amaqanda avela ngobuningi be-cottony, kanti ama-nymphs mancane futhi ahambayo aze athole indawo yokunamathisela.
Izitshalo ezihlaselwe: amawolintshi, izihlahla zezithelo (umvini, umkhiwane), izitshalo zokuhlobisa (i-dracaena, i-oleander, ama-orchid, ama-ferns), izitshalo zasendlini, ama-succulents kanye ne-cacti.
Umonakalo ovame kakhulu: ubuthakathaka obukhulu, amaqabunga anamathelayo, amaqabunga nezithelo ukuwa, ukukhula ngesibindi kuma-molasses, ukubonakala kwezintuthwane.
Izinambuzane zesikali esinamagobolondo aqinile noma ama-diaspinas
Bathuthukisa a isivikelo Iqinile, i-waxy, noma i-shell-like (ingaba yi-oval, flat, eyindilinga, noma emise okwekhefana). Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu kuleli qembu "izintwala" (intwala yaseSan Jose, intwala ebomvu yaseCalifornia, intwala empunga, intwala emhlophe) kanye "nezinyoka."
- Intwala yaseSan José (I-Quadraspidiotus perniciosus): Ithinta izihlahla zezithelo zamatshe kanye ne-pome (i-apula, i-pear, i-peach), kodwa futhi nama-roses, ama-camellias, nezinye izitshalo zokuhlobisa. Ikhiqiza izikali ezincane, eziyindilinga, ezimpunga, ezinamathela ngokuqinile.
- Intwala ebomvu yaseCalifornia (I-Aonidiella aurantii): Ithinta izihlahla ze-citrus, isundu, izihlahla zomnqumo, i-cacti, nezinye. Inomzimba omncane, oyisicaba, obomvu.
- Intwala empunga noma inkwethu (I-Parratoria pergandii): okusawolintshi, amagobolondo amise okweqanda, okumpunga okumnyama.
- Intwala emhlophe (I-Aspidiotus nerii): Ithinta izihlahla ze-olive, izihlahla ze-carob, izihlahla ze-citrus, kanye nezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Izihlangu ezisaqanda, ezimhlophe-esiliva.
- I-Serpetas: njengenyoka enhle (I-Lepidosaphes globerii, amagobolondo ansundu amade) kanye nenyoka ewugqinsi (Lepidosaphes bechii), zombili ezitholakala ezithelweni ezisawolintshi.
Ukulimala: Amachashaza esithelweni, emaqabungeni, nasemagatsheni; ukwehla kwamaqabunga, amahlumela omile, futhi, uma ukuhlaselwa kunzima, ukufa kwesitshalo.
Izinambuzane ze-lecanine noma ze-leathery integument
Zimboza imizimba yazo ngesembozo esiqinile, hhayi njengeziqinile njenge-diaspinae, kodwa zisenesikhumba (eziqinile nerabha). Baziwa ngokuthi "ama-caparretas." Izibonelo ezifanele:
- Isikali se-Olive noma isikali esimnyama (I-Saissetia oleae): Kuvame kakhulu ezihlahleni ze-olive ne-citrus. Isici somumo ka-H ngemuva kwensikazi.
- I-Citrus mealybug noma i-mealybug ensundu (i-coccus hesperidium): kuthinta cishe zonke izihlahla zezithelo.
- I-white caperta (I-Ceroplastes sinensis): umzimba onsundu ngokubomvu onezingqimba eziseceleni nezingemuva, okhiqiza amaqanda amaningi.
Bavame ukukhiqiza amanani amaningi we-honeydew ngakho-ke bakhuthaza ukubukeka kwesikhunta se-sooty, esikhawulela i-photosynthesis futhi senze isitshalo sibe buthaka ngokushesha.
I-mealybug ekhonjiwe (Icerya ukuthenga)
Ukubukeka: umzimba oval, embozwe a igobolondo elibomvu ngokubomvu, esiwuhlukanisa nesikali se-cottony cushion. Iyakwazi ukuphindaphinda ngokushesha futhi ibangele umonakalo omkhulu ngesikhathi esifushane.
Izitshalo ezithintekile: i-citrus (iwolintshi, ilamula, i-mandarin) nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.
Ukulimala: ukuphuzi kwezithelo namaqabunga, ukuwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuba buthakathaka jikelele.
Isikali esibomvu sesundu (I-Phoenicococcus marlatti)
Uchwepheshe wezihlahla zesundu nama-cycads, le mealybug ine umzimba obomvu futhi ikhipha uketshezi olumhlophe, olukotini njengendlela yokuzivikela. Insikazi esikhulile ayinyakazi, imilenze yayo ine-atrophied, futhi ihlala inamathele kumniniyo ukuphila kwayo konke.
Ukulimala: amaqabunga aphuzi, ukulahleka kombala okuqhubekayo kuze kube mhlophe, ukufa kwezibonelo ezincane kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula kwezihlahla zesundu.
Isikali sesivini (I-Planococcus ficus)
I-cottony mealybug ehlasela ikakhulukazi imithi yamagilebhisi, lapho ingabangela ukuvela kwe-honeydew kanye nesikhunta se-sooty ezixukwini nasemaqabungeni, okuthinta izinga kanye nenani lesivuno. Isakazeka kalula kuwo wonke amasimu, ngakho ukuqapha kubalulekile ezivinini.
Izinkuni (I-Oniscidea)
Nakuba ukubonakala kwawo kufana nezimbungulu ezihlasela izitshalo, I-Oniscidea ingeyeqembu lama-crustaceans asemhlabeni. Baziwa ngokuthi "amaphilisi amaphilisi" futhi Azibeki usongo oluqondile empilweni yezitshalo bephila, njengoba bedla izinto zezitshalo ezibolayo futhi baneqhaza ekwakhekeni kwe-humus enhlabathini emanzi.
I-pseudococcal noma i-mealybug (I-Pseudococcus spp.)
Leli qembu linompuphu, ukubukeka kwe-waxy futhi lithinta kokubili izitshalo zasengadini nezasendlini. Zizala ngokushesha, ngisho nangaphandle kokukhwelana. Ngaphezu kwe okhubazekile isitshalo, uketshezi lwaso kuheha izintuthwane kanye nesikhunta. Ezinye izinhlobo zingalimaza ngisho nezimpande.
Umehluko phakathi kwezinambuzane ze-armored nezikali ezithambile
Ngokombono wokulawula izinambuzane, kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi izinambuzane zesikali se-armored (diaspinas) kanye ethambile (ama-coccids nama-lecanines):
- Izinambuzane zesikali esihlomile: amancane, ayisicaba, anamakhava akhiphekayo futhi awekho amazolo. Isibonelo: Isikali sikaSan Jose, isikali esibomvu saseCalifornia.
- Izinambuzane zesikali esithambile: ezinkulu, eziyindilinga, ezinesembozo ezihlanganiswe nomzimba, zikhiqiza amadew amaningi, futhi zibangele isikhunta se-sooty. Isibonelo: isikali se-cottony cushion, isikali esimnyama.
Kungani ama-mealybug eyingozi?
Umonakalo odalwa yi-mealybugs ungaba miningi:
- Ukumunca uketshezi: kubangela amaqabunga abe buthakathaka, akhubazekile, abe phuzi, awa futhi akhule angakwazi ukukhula.
- Ukukhiqizwa kweMolasses: idala indawo evumela isikhunta se-sooty, esingcolisa amaqabunga nezithelo, sivimbele i-photosynthesis futhi sinciphise inani lezentengiselwano lesilimo.
- Ukudluliswa kwegciwane: Ezinye izinhlobo zingadlulisela izifo zezitshalo, ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni zezithelo.
- Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nekhwalithi: Kokubili izithelo nezimbali zingawa noma zingathuthuki kahle uma ukuhlasela kunzima kakhulu.
- Ukukhanga izintuthwane: Zakha ama-symbioses lapho izintuthwane zivikela khona ama-mealybugs ngokushintshanisa uju, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula izinto eziphilayo.
- Ukulimala kobuhle: Ezitshalweni zokuhlobisa, kubangela ukuthi zilahlekelwe inani lezentengiselwano ngisho noma ukuhlasela kuncane.
Kunini lapho ama-mealybugs esebenza kakhulu?
Bakhetha izindawo ezifudumele nezomile, ukusebenza kakhulu phakathi nenkathi eshisayo neyomile. Ezifundeni ezipholile, iziqongo zokuhlasela ngokuvamile ziqondana nehlobo, nakuba zingavela kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, zingazala unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuhlola izitshalo njalo (njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2), ikakhulukazi uma izinambuzane sezivele zitholakele.
Ukulimala kanye nezimpawu ze-mealybugs ezitshalweni
Umonakalo uyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nezinga lokutheleleka:
- Amaqabunga aphuzi, omile noma anamabala amnyama.
- Izithelo neziqu ezinezigaxa, amabala, ukukhubazeka noma izindawo zokuphuma kwamazolo.
- I-Dieback yamahlumela namagatsha amancane.
- Ukubukeka kwe- ngesibindi (isikhunta esimnyama) emaqabunga nezithelo, okunciphisa i-photosynthesis futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi.
- Ukulahleka kwe-turgor, ukuwa kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nokuncipha noma ukuyeka ukukhula.
Indlela yokuvimbela ukuvela kwe-mealybugs
- Gada njalo izitshalo zakho, ebheka ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, ama-axils kanye nesisekelo seziqu.
- Gcina izitshalo ziqinile futhi zondlekile, njengoba i-mealybugs ikhetha kakhulu izibonelo ezibuthakathaka.
- Gwema umanyolo we-nitrogen oweqile, ongathambisa izicubu futhi wenze isitshalo sibe lula.
- Sebenzisa i-padding kanye nomanyolo we-organic ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi kanye nempilo yezitshalo jikelele.
- Ezitshalweni zasendlini nezokuhlobisa, hlukanisa okuthengiwe okusha ukuze uvimbele ukungena kwezinambuzane.
Ungayiqeda kanjani i-mealybugs ezitshalweni?
Ukulawulwa kwe-Mealybug kufanele kube okubanzi, okuhlanganisa izindlela zemanuwali, zebhayoloji nezamakhemikhali lapho ukutheleleka kubi kakhulu. Ezinye izincomo yilezi:
Izindlela ezenziwa ngesandla kanye namakhambi asekhaya
- Isuse ngesandlaSebenzisa ibhulashi lokupenda, i-cotton swab, noma ibhola likakotini elifakwe emanzini anensipho noma utshwala ukuze uzisuse. Iwusizo ezigabeni zokuqala nasezihlahleni zasendaweni.
- Sika izingxenye ezithintekile lapho umonakalo ukhona.
- Insipho ye-potassiumFafaza isitshalo (ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga neziqu) ukuze ususe isikali esithambile se-cuticle. Ihambisana nemvelo futhi ngeke ilimaze izinambuzane eziwusizo.
- I-Methyl utshwala (isopropyl): isetshenziswa endaweni ngebhola likakotini ukuze incibilike ukuvikelwa kwe-waxy.
- Umhlaba we-diatomaceous: Fafaza esitshalweni noma ku-substrate; isebenza ngokuthintana futhi iyabola.
- Umquba we-nettle o umsila wehhashi: ziqinisa ukumelana nesitshalo futhi zisebenze njengezixosha.
Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo
- Ithanda ukuba khona kwe izitha zemvelo (ama-ladybugs, ama-lacewings, iminyovu enamagciwane, ama-coccinellids, njll.), okungagcina inani le-mealybug lisesimweni.
- Lawula izintuthwane: Beka izithiyo ezinamathelayo noma usebenzise izithiyo ezikhethiwe ukuze uzivikele ekuvikeleni izinambuzane.
- Yethula izinto ezisizayo ezigunyaziwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma izingadi ezilawulwayo.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
- Ezimweni ezinzima, sebenzisa ama-anti-mealybug ama-insecticides akhethekile u amafutha e-horticultural kugunyaziwe. Faka isicelo lapho izibungu eziningi sezichanyuselwe, njengoba zisengozini kakhulu ngaphambi kokwenza isivikelo.
- Ezinambuzaneni ze-armored scale kanye nezinambuzane ezikala, kusebenza kahle kakhulu ukufaka isicelo amafutha amaminerali ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwemifino noma ekuqaleni kokuchanyuselwa kwezibungu.
- Ezihlahleni ezinkulu, ungacabangela ukwelashwa okuhlelekile ngezinto ezigunyazwe ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nokuhlobisa. Hlala ufunda ilebula futhi ulandele izikhathi zokuphepha.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezingakhethi, njengoba zingaqeda izitha zemvelo futhi zibhebhethekise inkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kubalulekile ukushintsha izindlela zokugwema ukumelana nokulawula izintuthwane ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside. Lungisa indlela ihambisane nohlobo lwesitshalo kanye nobukhulu bokuhlaselwa.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nama-mealybugs
- Ingabe i-mealybugs ihlasela izitshalo zasendlini? Yebo, zingahlasela noma yisiphi isitshalo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile nezifudumele.
- Ngingakwazi yini ukulahlekelwa isitshalo sami uma ngingelapheki i-mealybug? Uma ukuhlaselwa kuqhubeka, ikakhulukazi kuma-specimens amancane noma abuthakathaka, isitshalo singase some ngokuphelele.
- Ngenzenjani uma isifo sibuya? Gcina ukuhlolwa njalo, gwema umanyolo we-nitrogen oweqile, futhi wethule izitha zemvelo njengoba zitholakala.
- Ingabe ama-mealybugs angasakazwa esuka kwesinye isitshalo aye kwesinye? Yebo, ikakhulukazi uma izibungu zeselula (ezikhasayo) zicinga abasingathi abasha.
- Ingabe zonke izinambuzane ze-mealybug zikhiqiza uju? Cha. Ezithambile nezithambile kuphela; abahlomile abayisitheli.
Ukuze ukwazi ngokujulile izinhlobo ze-mealybugs ezithinta izitshalo Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuvikela ingadi yakho noma insimu yakho kwesinye sezinambuzane eziphikelelayo nezilimazayo. Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi, ukuphatha okuhlangene, nokuvimbela kubalulekile ukuze ujabulele izitshalo ezinempilo, ezingenazinambuzane unyaka wonke. Khumbula ukuthi ibhalansi yemvelo iyisiqinisekiso esingcono kakhulu sempumelelo: vumela abalingani bemvelo, qaphela izitshalo zakho njalo, futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ezimpawu zokuqala. Ngale ndlela, ama-mealybugs ngeke abe nendawo endaweni yakho ye-oasis eluhlaza.
