Umhlahlandlela ophelele wama-bromeliads: izinhlobo, ukunakekelwa, nokutshalwa ekhaya nasengadini

  • I-Bromeliads inikezela ngezinhlobonhlobo zomumo, imibala, kanye nokunakekelwa kalula, okuwenza alungele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
  • Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziphawulekayo ezifana ne-Aechmea, i-Guzmania, i-Tillandsia, i-Vriesea, i-Billbergia, i-Neoregelia, i-Cryptanthus ne-Ananas.
  • Ukugcinwa kwazo kulula: zidinga ukukhanya okungaqondile, umswakama owanele kanye nokukhipha amanzi ukuze kubukeke kumangalisa.
Mónica Sánchez

Imizuzu ye-6

I-Bromeliads ikhula ezingadini nasemakhaya

Ama-bromeliads Ziyizitshalo zomsuka wezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo, ezidume ngemibala yazo emangalisayo kanye nokuma kwazo okungavamile. Ziyaziswa kakhulu kokubili engadini yangaphandle kanye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nenani labo eliphezulu lokuhlobisa. Ngezansi, sihlola konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze ubakhombe, ukhethe, futhi ubanakekele. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zama-bromeliads ezingakhula ezingadini nasemakhaya.

Iyini i-bromeliad futhi kungani ithandwa kakhulu?

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-Bromeliad

I-Las bromeliads bangabomndeni I-Bromeliaceae, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3.000 nezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Nakuba uphayinaphu (U-Ananas comosus) iyilungu elidume kakhulu, ekulimeni nasekuhlobiseni bagqama ngaphezu kwakho konke ngamahlamvu abo e-rosette nokuqhakaza okumangalisayo, okunganikeza ama-shades kusuka kokubomvu, okuwolintshi nokuphuzi, kuya kopinki, onsomi kanye ne-fuchsia.

Sebephenduke izitshalo ezidume kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

  • Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kosayizi, imibala kanye nokuma.
  • Kulula ukuzinakekela nokuzivumelanisa kahle kuzo zombili izindawo ezingaphakathi nangaphandle uma zinikezwe indawo efanele.
  • Izinhlobo eziningi zengeza indawo eshisayo eshisayo kunoma iyiphi indawo, ngenxa yamaqabunga azo abukisayo nama-bracts anemibala.
  • Bangakwazi ukuhlanza umoya futhi bafake isandla enhlalakahleni yemvelo ekhaya.

Iningi lama-bromeliads angama-epiphyte., okungukuthi, zikhula ezihlahleni noma kwezinye izakhiwo, nakuba kukhona nezinhlobo zasemhlabeni kanye ne-saxicolous (lezo ezihlala emadwaleni). Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile nalezi zitshalo, vakashela lesi sixhumanisi.

Bhalisela isiteshi sethu se-YouTube

Izici ezijwayelekile zama-bromeliads

Izinhlobo ezidumile zama-bromeliads

I-Bromeliad inezici eziningana ezivamile okubenza bathandeke kakhulu ekulimeni:

  • Amaqabunga anesikhumba: Ngokuvamile zikhula ku-rosette, zakha uhlobo lwefaneli noma indawo yokugcina amanzi eqoqa amanzi nemisoco.
  • Ama-bracts abukisayo: Ama-bracts, azungeze izimbali, agqama ngenxa yombala wawo ogqamile kanye nokuma kwawo okumangalisayo.
  • Ukuqhakaza okuyingqayiziveleEzinhlotsheni eziningi, isitshalo ngasinye siqhakaza kanye kuphela ekuphileni kwaso; ngemva kokuqhakaza, isitshalo sikamama siyafa kancane kancane, kodwa sikhiqize inzalo yokuzalanisa.
  • Izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala: ukusuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama kakhulu kuya ezindaweni ezomile kancane, ezijwayelana namazinga ahlukene okukhanya nomswakama.

Lezi zitshalo ngokuvamile zidinga izindawo ezifudumele nezinomswakama., nakuba kunezinhlobo ezikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi noma izikhathi zesomiso. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngokunakekela kwabo, vakashela lesi sixhumanisi.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-bromeliads ezingadini namakhaya

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-bromeliads zokutshalwa

Ngezansi ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-bromeliad ezigqama ngokukhula kwazo kalula kanye nenani lokuhlobisa, elilungele ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi nengaphandle:

1. I-Aechmea fasciata (I-Piñuela noma ulimi lukamamazala)

I-Bromeliad isitshalo esishisayo

I-Aechmea fasciata Igqama nge-rosette yayo yamaqabunga aluhlaza anamabhande esiliva kanye ne-inflorescence ejulile epinki emaphakathi, lapho kuhluma khona izimbali ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalolu hlobo, thintana imininingwane eyengeziwe lapha.

  • Umsuka: Brazil
  • Ukuphakama: Kufika ku-50 cm.
  • Imbali: I-pink central spike, enezimbali ezincane ezi-violet-blue.
  • Ukunakekelwa: Idinga umhlabathi ovundile kancane, ovundile, othela kahle. Ibekezelela isithwathwa esipholile ezindaweni ezivikelekile.

Enye yama-bromeliad aqinile futhi alula ukuwakhulisa, alungele ingaphakathi elikhanyayo noma ngaphandle ezimweni ezipholile.

2. UBillbergia pyramidalis (Ithoshi)

I-Billbergia pyramidalis izimbali

Waziwa ngokuthi ithoshi plantLolu hlobo lutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo eNingizimu Melika naseCaribbean. Ihlanganisa amaqabunga e-rosette aluhlaza kanye ne-inflorescence eqondile, ebomvu. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ze-bromeliad, vakashela i-guzmania nezinhlobonhlobo zayo.

  • Umkhuba: Kungaba yi-terrestrial noma i-epiphytic, yakhe amaqembu ngokushesha.
  • Ukunakekelwa: Incamela umthunzi oyingxenye kanye ne-substrate ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi aze afike ku -1°C.

Ilungele izindawo ezinomthunzi ezingadini noma ukuhlobisa iziqu namagatsha ezindaweni zangaphakathi.

3. I-serra ye-Bromeliad (Chaguar)

I-Bromeliad serra imelana nokubanda

Lezi zinhlobo zasemhlabeni ezitholakala ezindaweni eziwugwadule kancane ze-Gran Chaco zibonakala ngamacembe awo amade, anesikhumba, angunxantathu anamamajini angama-spiny kanye nama-bracts abomvu noma awolintshi. Ukuze ufunde ngezindlela ezahlukene zokulima, bheka ezinye izitshalo ezinamacembe amade, azacile.

  • Izimbali: Izimbali ezincane, ezinombala okhanyayo phakathi nendawo.
  • Ukukhanya: Ithanda ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
  • Ukumelana: Imelana nesomiso kanye nesithwathwa esifinyelela ku -4°C.

Kunconywe kakhulu izingadi ezomile, ezinelanga noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophansi.

4. IGuzmania lingulata (Imbali yempepho)

I-Guzmania linguata, i-bromeliad enezimbali ezibomvu

Enye ye-bromeliads ethandwa kakhulu yasendliniInamaqabunga e-rosette aluhlaza kanye ne-inflorescence enobubanzi obuyi-13 kuya ku-17 cm, enezimbali ezibomvu noma eziwolintshi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, vakashela Funda kabanzi ngombungazi, u Guzmania.

  • Ukuphakama: Kufika ku-30 ​​cm ekuqhakazeni.
  • Ukunakekelwa: Idinga ukukhanya, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile nendawo enomswakama.
  • Ukuphindaphindeka: Ikhiqiza ama-suckers ngemva kokuqhakaza.

Ilungele ukuhlobisa amakamelo okuhlala, amahhovisi noma izindawo ezikhanyayo, ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.

5. I-Neoregelia carolinae (Neoregelia, Algeria)

I-Neoregelia carolinae, amaqabunga e-tricolor

I-epiphytic bromeliad endemic eya eBrazil, isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ngamahlamvu aso afana neribhoni, anemibala (eluhlaza okotshani, e-variegated, noma i-tricolor). Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngokutshalwa kwayo, bheka izitshalo ezingadingi ukukhanya okuningiI-inflorescence yayo eyimbulunga eyakhiwe ngama-bracts abomvu abomvu iyagqama.

  • Ukuphakama: Kufika ku-40 cm.
  • Ukukhanya: Umthunzi oyingxenye.
  • Isendlalelo: Igxolo likaphayini, i-pumice noma okufanayo.

Kulula ukutshala kuzo zombili izingadi namabhodwe ashisayo.

6. tillandsia usneoides (i-moss yaseSpain noma intshebe yendoda endala)

I-Spanish moss, i-epiphytic bromeliad

I-bromeliad eyingqayizivele, engenazimpande, ekhule ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yamaqabunga ayo aguquguqukayo, alandelanayo, alungele ukulengiswa emagatsheni, emashalofini, noma njengomhlobiso wasekhaya. Ukuze ufunde mayelana nezindlela ezahlukene zokufaka nokunakekela, vakashela indlela yokulenga i-carnation yomoya.

  • Iziqu: Yinde futhi iyavumelana nezimo, ifinyelela kufika kumitha elingu-1.
  • Imibandela: Kokubili ilanga ne-semi-shade, imelana kakhulu nesithwathwa esinamandla (kufika ku-18°C).
  • Isincomo: Kungcono ebhodweni eline-mineral substrate kunezinye izitshalo.

Inikeza umoya ongavamile, olengayo, olungele amaveranda noma amavulandi.

7. IVriesea iyakhazimula (Inkemba evuthayo)

I-Vriesea splendens, amaqabunga okuhlobisa

Eyaziwa ngokuthi "uphaphe lwamaNdiya", IVriesea iyakhazimula Igqama ngezimbali zayo ezibomvu ezimise okwelangabi kanye namaqabunga ayo aluhlaza anemigqa ekhanyayo. Ifinyelela cishe ku-40 cm ukuphakama. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka Funda kabanzi mayelana no Vriesea.

  • Ukunakekelwa: Ukukhanya ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile, umswakama ophezulu nomhlabathi ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ukugwema ukugcwala kwamanzi.
  • Iqhakaza: Okuhlala isikhathi eside nomphumela omuhle wokuhlobisa.

Ilungele labo abafuna isitshalo esinakekela kalula esibukeka kahle.

8. U-Ananas comosus (Uphayinaphu)

Izinhlobo ezidumile zama-bromeliads

Akuyona nje uphayinaphu odumile odliwayo, kodwa futhi uyi-bromeliad yokuhlobisa eyaziswa ngokubukeka kwayo kanye nokutshala kalula. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngokuyikhulisa, vakashela Izinhlobo zama-bromeliads ezizokhula ezingadini nasemakhaya.

  • Iqhakaza: I-flower spike lapho isithelo sikhula khona.
  • Sebenzisa: Ingatshalwa ebhodweni elikhulu ngaphandle noma endaweni ekhanyayo yangaphakathi.
  • Ithiphu yebhonasi: Iphayinaphu elincane lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqanjweni kokuhlobisa okushisayo.

9. I-Cryptanthus (Inkanyezi yomhlaba)

Izitshalo zasendlini: ama-bromeliad ahlabayo

Ama-bromeliads amancane, asemhlabeni ajwayele ukuhlala ngqo ku-substrate, anamaqabunga amise okwe-rosette nemibala egqamile, elungele izingadi zasendlini kanye nezindawo zokuhlala. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngokunakekelwa kwabo, bheka.

  • Ukunakekelwa: Ukukhanya okuqondile okuphansi, umswakama oqhubekayo kanye nokugeleza kahle kwamanzi.
  • Isebenzisa: Ilungele ukudala imingcele yezitshalo noma ukuphelezela ezinye izinhlobo zasezindaweni ezishisayo.

Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Bromeliad: isizukulwane esiphawulekayo nezinhlobo

Zingaki izinhlobo ze-bromeliad ezikhona?

  • I-Aechmea: Idume kakhulu futhi igqoke kanzima, ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi nokuvikelekile ngaphandle.
  • E-Guzmania: Uhlu olubanzi lwemibala nobujamo, lulungele amabhodwe okuhlobisa.
  • I-Tillandsia: Izitshalo zomoya, azidingi inhlabathi futhi zingabekwa ezingodweni, amatshe noma ukulengiswa.
  • IVriesea: Ukuqhakaza okumangalisayo, kwaziswa kakhulu endaweni ekhanyayo kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
  • EBillbergia: Ilungele ukudala amaqembu kuma-planters noma njengokuthinta kwangempela ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo.
  • I-Cryptanthus: Iphansi ngosayizi, iguquguquka kakhulu ezikhaleni ezincane nokuhlelwa kwangaphakathi.
  • uphayinaphu: Uphayinaphu nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa, zombili zesithelo nesitshalo.

Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwama-bromeliads engadini nasekhaya

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Bromeliad

  • Ukukhanya: Iningi likhetha ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okungaqondile. Lawo anamaqabunga athambile abekezelela ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu, kuyilapho lawo anesikhumba, amaqabunga angama-spiny abekezelela ilanga eligcwele kangcono.
  • Ithempelesha: Zikhula kahle phakathi kuka-15°C no-27°C. Vikela emakhazeni amakhulu noma kusithwathwa, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo eziqine kakhulu.
  • Ukunisela: Gcwalisa i-reservoir yamanzi emaphakathi ku-rosette (ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zasemhlabeni noma ebusika). Nisela amanzi kuphela lapho i-substrate isicishe yomile ukuvimbela ukubola.
  • Umswakama: Fafaza amaqabunga njalo ngamanzi athambile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile.
  • Isendlalelo: Ukukhanya kuhlangana namagxolo kaphayini, i-coconut fiber, noma i-moss. Ukugeleza kahle kwamanzi kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
  • Phasa: Faka umanyolo owuketshezi ohlanjululwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15 entwasahlobo-ehlobo, okungcono kakhulu ezitshalweni ze-epiphytic.
  • Isondlo Susa amaqabunga omile, vuselela amanzi ku-rosette masonto onke futhi uwavikele emakhazeni.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokuphindaphinda kwe-bromeliads

Ukusakazwa kwe-bromeliads ekhaya

Indlela elula yokuphindaphinda ama-bromeliad iwukuba abasha, evame ukuvela phansi kwesitshalo esingumama ngemva kokuqhakaza. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, lezi nzalo ziba nezimpande zazo futhi zingasikwa ukuze zitshalwe ku-substrate entsha.

Ezinye izinhlobo zingazalana imbewu, nakuba le ndlela idinga ukubekezela kanye nomswakama olawulwayo nezimo zokushisa. Kuvame kakhulu ezinkulisa ezikhethekile.

Izinambuzane, izifo kanye nezinkinga ezivamile

Izinkinga ezivamile nge-bromeliads yasendlini

  • Izinambuzane: I-Bromeliads ayivamisile ukuthi ihlaselwe izinambuzane, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni ezomile kakhulu (isicabucabu esibomvu), ama-mealybug kanye nama-aphid ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile.
  • Izifo: Ingozi enkulu ukubola okubangelwa umswakama owedlulele noma ama-substrates angakhanywanga kahle. Amabala ansundu ngokuvamile abonisa ukhunta.
  • Ukuvimbela: Gcina ibhalansi phakathi komswakama nomoya, unikeze ukukhanya okwanele, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uguqule amanzi ku-rosette.

Izinzuzo nezinzuzo zokutshala ama-bromeliads

  • Ukuhlanzwa komoya: Njengezinye izitshalo zasendlini, zineqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izinga lemvelo.
  • Ukunakekelwa okuphansi: Zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane futhi zibekezelela ukuchelela okungajwayelekile.
  • Intshisekelo yokuhlobisa: Umumo wayo nemibala yengeza ukuthinta okungavamile nokuyinkimbinkimbi kunoma yikuphi ukuhlobisa.
  • Izinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa: Zifanele izingadi eziqondile, izimbiza ezilengayo, ukwakheka kwejeli noma ingilazi nokuhlelwa kwamatshe.
  • Inani lezemfundo: Ilungele ukufunda ngezitshalo ze-epiphytic nokwethula izingane nabantu abadala emhlabeni wezingadi ezishisayo.

Amathiphu asebenzayo okukhulisa i-bromeliads

Amathiphu okukhulisa i-Bromeliads

  • Gwema amanzi aqinile: Khetha amanzi emvula noma ahlungiwe okunisela nokufutha, ugweme ukunqwabelana kosawoti wamaminerali.
  • Amabhodwe angashoni: Ithanda izimbiza ezibanzi neziphansi, noma ifake izingcezu zamagxolo noma izingodo zezinhlobo ze-epiphytic.
  • Izingxube ezifakwe kahle umoya: Beka kuqala ama-substrates ngezinto ezilula ezikhuthaza ukugeleza kwamanzi nokungena umoya.
  • Ivikela emakhazeni: Beka ama-bromeliad ezindaweni ezivikelekile phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo, endlini noma ngaphandle.
  • Hlanganisa izinhlobo: Ungaqoqa ama-bromeliad ahlukene ngendlela efanayo ukuze uzuze umphumela oshisayo nonemibala eminingi.
  • Imiphumela yesikhathi esimaphakathi: Yiba nesineke, njengoba ukuqhakaza kungathatha iminyaka futhi ngokuvamile kuwukuphela komjikelezo wesitshalo sikamama.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Ne-Bromeliads

  • Ingabe kunzima ukuzinakekela? Cha, eziningi zazo zilula kakhulu futhi ziyamelana.
  • Badinga ukukhanya okungakanani? Ukukhanya okungaqondile okukhanyayo kulungele izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.
  • Ngingakwazi ukuzikhulisa endlini? Yebo, zilungele ngaphakathi endlini futhi udinga nje ukulungisa ukuchelela nomswakama.
  • Ingabe ziyadliwa? Abambalwa kuphela, njengophayinaphu (U-Ananas comosus), ezinye zitshalwa ngenani lazo lokuhlobisa.
  • Bangaba selangeni? Izinhlobo kuphela ezinamaqabunga esikhumba namaqabunga; labo abanamaqabunga athambile bakhetha umthunzi oyingxenye noma ukukhanya okuhlungiwe.

I-Bromeliads imelela inketho yokuhlobisa, eqinile, nengavamile, enezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zomumo nemibala yanoma yiliphi ikhona lekhaya noma ingadi. Ukunethezeka kwabo kokugcinwa, ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nesistimu yezimbali eyingqayizivele kubenza babe esinye sezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu engadini yesimanje. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akhethelwe ukubukeka kwawo okumangalisayo noma ukuba wusizo kwawo ekuhlanzeni umoya, ama-bromeliad afana nemvelo eshisayo efinyelelekayo, ewusizo, futhi enhle kuwo wonke umuntu.

izinkinga kanye nezixazululo bromeliads indlela yokuzinakekela
I-athikili ehlobene:
Umhlahlandlela ophelele wezinkinga nezixazululo ze-bromeliads: ukunakekelwa, ukuvimbela, nokwelashwa