Amamenyu ethu ansuku zonke abonakala ehlukahlukene, kodwa uma siklwebha phezulu sithola ukuthi asekelwe ku- izinhlobo zezitshalo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezitshaliweKungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya kuphi esitolo esikhulu, cishe uzothola imikhiqizo efanayo eyinhloko: ukolweni, ilayisi, nommbila, okuhambisana nezithelo nemifino embalwa ejwayelekile.
Ngemuva kwalokhu kudla okubonakalayo kuneqiniso elingajabulisi: ukudla kwethu emhlabeni wonke kuncike esisekelweni sezitshalo ezincane ngokumangalisayo.
Okwamanje, izinkulungwane zezinhlobo ezidliwayo ezazitshalwa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane sezishiywe dengwane, zishiywe eceleni yizitshalo ezikhiqiza kakhulu okulula ukuzithutha noma ezizuzisa kakhulu izimboni ezinkulu. Eziningi zalezi zitshalo zendabuko zingatshalwa kahle ekhayae ingadi ezimbizeniZikhula ethala noma engadini encane, futhi cishe akekho owaziyo ngazo. Ukuzithola kabusha akugcini nje ngokuvula ithuba lokuthola ukunambitheka okusha, kodwa futhi kusisiza ukuba sishintshe ukudla kwethu futhi kuqinise ukuqina kwethu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Kungani ukudla kwethu kuncike ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa kangaka?
Uma sibheka wonke umlando wezolimo, abantu sebethole cishe Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezidliwayo ezingu-30,000Kuzo zonke lezi, izinhlobo eziphakathi kuka-6,000 no-7,000 ziye zatshalwa ngokulinganisela ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla. Kodwa-ke, ohlelweni lwesimanje lokudla kwezolimo, iqiniso lihlukile kakhulu: namuhla sisebenzisa izitshalo ezingaba ngu-170 kuphela ngezinga elikhulu lokuhweba.
Into ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuthi, ngaphakathi kwalelo qembu elincane, bambalwa kakhulu Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingu-30 zinikeza iningi lamakhalori nezakhamzimba esikudla nsuku zonke. Amandla angaphezu kuka-40% esiwadlayo avela ezintweni ezintathu kuphela: ilayisi, ukolweni, nommbila. Lokhu kuncika kakhulu ezitshalweni ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo kusenza sibe sengozini yezinambuzane, izifo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokudla akwenzeki kuphela ngokusanhlamvu. Futhi kuzithelo nemifino Besilokhu sibeka eceleni ukuhlukahluka. Isibonelo esicacile kakhulu ubhanana: kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ezingaba yi-1,000 emhlabeni, ezinezinhlobo eziningi, ubukhulu, nemibala (eqondile, emfushane, eminye ngisho nebomvu). Kodwa-ke, ezimakethe eziningi asiboni nhlobo eyodwa: uhlobo lweCavendish, olumelela cishe u-50% wawo wonke ubhanana otshalwa emhlabeni ngoba lunikeza isivuno esikhulu futhi lumelana kahle nokuthuthwa.
Le ndlela efanayo iyaziphinda njalo: njengoba ezolimo seziphenduke izimboni, izinhlobo ezithi Zikhiqiza okuningi, zimelana kangcono nokuthunyelwa kwempahla, futhi zihlangabezana nokulindelwe kwezentengiselwanoUmphumela uba lula kakhulu kwalokho esikutshalayo nesikudlayo, ngokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zendawo kanye nezinhlobo zendabuko ezivumelaniswe nezimo ezithile.
Ukutshala imifino eyodwa, ukuhlukahluka okuphansi kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulu somhlaba wonke salezi zitshalo ezimbalwa zezinkanyezi, inani elikhulayo lomhlaba liye lagxila izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo ezilodwaEzindaweni eziningi, izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zinikelwe kuphela kukolweni, ilayisi, ummbila, ubhontshisi, noma ezinye izitshalo zezimboni. Lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza okunamandla lunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezolimo futhi luphuca imvelo.
Ukulima kwezinhlobo zofuzo olulodwa, okusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa kakhulu zofuzo, amathuluzi emvelo ambalwa okubhekana nezinguquko ezisheshayo esimweni sezulu, ezinambuzaneni ezintsha noma ezifweni ezivelayo. Esimweni sokufudumala komhlaba, kanye namagagasi okushisa avame ukwanda kanye nezikhathi zesomiso esinzima, lokhu kuntuleka kokwehlukahlukana kuyinkinga enkulu.
Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi isivuno sezitshalo eziyisisekelo ezifana Ummbila, ubhontshisi, noma ilayisi kungathinteka kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Nature Food lulinganisela imiphumela emibi eminyakeni eyi-10-20 ezayo uma amazinga okushisa eqhubeka nokwenyuka futhi amaphethini emvula eqhubeka nokushintsha. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwezitshalo esithembele kuzo kakhulu.
Uma isivuno sithatha izigidi zamahektha futhi ngokuzumayo sithela kancane kakhulu ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu, ukuntuleka kwamanzi, noma izifo ezintsha, ingcindezi enkulu ekuphepheni kokudla emhlabeni jikeleleUkuba nawo wonke amaqanda akho ebhasikidini elilodwa—noma cishe—akuyona indlela ehlakaniphile yesikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala izitshalo zodwa kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nemikhuba yokulima ejulile: ukusetshenziswa kakhulu komanyolo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ukulima ngamandla, kanye nokunisela okungasebenzi kahle. Konke lokhu kunegalelo ekwenzeni ukonakala kwenhlabathi, ukulahlekelwa ukuzala kanye nokwanda kokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlabaEsikhundleni sokusiza ekunciphiseni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, lezi zinhlelo zigcina zikwenza kube kubi kakhulu.
Amasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo: ukuhlukanisa nokuvuselela izitshalo ezikhohliwe
Njengoba bebhekene nalesi simo, umhlaba wezolimo ufuna izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuthola indawo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Elinye lamasu okuxoxwa kakhulu ngawo ochwepheshe nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke... ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo: hhayi ukuthembela kuphela kokusanhlamvu okufanayo okudala, kodwa ukufaka izinhlobo ezintsha, ezindala noma ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ezimelana kangcono nokushisa, isomiso noma inhlabathi embi.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezicatshangelwayo kukhona ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha noma izinhloboLokhu kuhlanganisa ukuvuselelwa kwezitshalo zendabuko ezikhohliwe, ukulungisa izinsuku zokutshala nokuvuna ukuze zihambisane nezinguquko ekushiseni nasemvuleni, ngisho nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka kwamanzi noma ukushisa. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nokukhuthazwa kwezindlela zezolimo ezisimeme kakhudlwana.
Uma kuxoxwa ngokusimama kwezolimo, kusetshenziswe amasu anjengalawa alandelayo: ezolimo zokulondoloza imvelo, umquba oluhlaza, ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo kanye nokuhlangana kwazoukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela efanele, ukufakwa kwezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini kanye ukunciphisa amakhemikhaliLe mikhuba isiza ekugcineni ukuzala, ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi, ukugcina umswakama, nokuvikela imvelo iyonke.
Kulesi simo, ukubuyiselwa kwezitshalo ezikhohliwe kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ngezizathu eziningana. Eziningi zazo zinjalo kuhlobene nokuhlakanipha kwezolimo kwendabuko Lezi yizitshalo eziye zajwayela izimo zasendaweni ezinzima: izindawo ezomile, inhlabathi enamatshe, kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho komlando, ziye zabonakala zikwazi ukuchuma lapho ezinye izitshalo zingaphumeleli khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo ezingasetshenziswa kahle zivame ukuphawuleka ngenxa inani eliphezulu lokudla okunempiloEzweni lapho abantu abangaba yizigidigidi eziyi-1.5 behlushwa ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezithile (i-iron, i-zinc, i-iodine, amavithamini A, i-B12, i-D, phakathi kokunye), ukwethula ukudla okucebile nokuhlukahlukene kungenza umehluko wangempela, kokubili emazweni ampofu nasemiphakathini lapho, ngokumangalisayo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokungondleki okufihliwe kuhlangana khona.
Izitshalo ezikhohliwe ongazitshala ekhaya
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi okunye kwalokhu kuhlukahluka kungaqala kancane, ethala lakho noma engadini yasemadolobheni. Izitshalo eziningi ezihlotshaniswa nezolimo zingashintshwa ukuze zisetshenziswe izimbiza ezijulile, khulisa amatafula noma amathala amancaneuma nje uzinika ukukhanya, amanzi, kanye nesisekelo esifanele. Ngezansi uzothola izibonelo ezithile ezithakazelisayo ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco.
I-Amaranth: isidlo esidliwayo esiphelele kusukela phezulu kuya phansi
I-Amaranth ingenye yezitshalo ezikumangazayo uma usuyazi ngempela. Iyisitshalo esikwazi ukufinyelela cishe ubude obungamamitha amathathu, neziqu zithweswe umqhele wezimpaphe ezinkulu zembewu Zinemibala egqamile: obomvu, o-orenji, noma oluhlaza, kuye ngohlobo. Isitshalo sonke singasetshenziswa: amaqabunga, iziqu ezithambile, kanye nembewu.
Ngokwesiko, ezingxenyeni eziningi zase-Afrika nase-Asia, i-amaranth ibilokhu isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge- imifino eluhlazaNjengesipinashi noma i-chard, amaqabunga amancane aphekwa ephekiwe, esobho, noma esitshulweni, futhi ahlinzeka ngamavithamini namaminerali amaningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu bomdabu baseMelika babeyazisa kakhulu imbewu, ebhekwa njenge-pseudocereal, njenge-buckwheat noma i-quinoa.
Imbewu ye-Amaranth icebile ngamaprotheni ekhwalithi ephezulu, enephrofayili ye-amino acid ethakazelisa kakhulu, futhi iqukethe i-fiber, i-iron, nezinye izakhamzimba ezincane. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi isitshalo sibonisa ukubekezelela isomiso okuphezulu futhi ingakhula enhlabathini empofu, okwenza kube yindawo efanelekile yesikhathi esizayo esishisayo nesomile.
Ekhaya, ungatshala i-amaranth endaweni enelanga, usebenzisa izitsha ezijulile ezinokukhipha amanzi kahle. Ayidingi ukunakekelwa okunzima kakhulu, ngaphandle kokunisela okulingene nokugwema ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ukuba nezitshalo eziningana ezitsheni ezinkulu akugcini nje ngokunikeza ukudla, kodwa futhi... Inezela ukuthinta okumangalisayo kokuhlobisa. engadini yasemadolobheni ngenxa yezimbali zayo ezinemibala egqamile.
I-Fonio: okusanhlamvu kwasendulo kwaseNtshonalanga Afrika
I-Fonio uhlobo lwe-millet oluvela eNtshonalanga Afrika olubhekwa njengolunye lwezinhlobo ze-millet. okusanhlamvu okutshalwe kakhulu kuleli zwekaziSekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka abalimi emazweni afana neSenegal, iBurkina Faso, neMali beyitshalile futhi beyisebenzisa, ezimweni eziningi beyigcinela imicimbi ekhethekile.
Ngokomlando, i-fonium yayihlotshaniswa ne- ukusetshenziswa kwezicukuthwane zendawo, izinduna namakhosikanye nasemikhosini ebalulekile: imishado, imikhosi yendabuko, noma ukudla phakathi nenyanga yeRamadan. Naphezu kwalokhu kubaluleka kwamasiko, ayizange ifinyelele ukwamukelwa kabanzi noma ingene ngokugcwele ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, ngokwengxenye ngoba idinga ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe futhi isivuno sayo sincane uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlamvu zesimanje.
Inzuzo yayo enkulu namuhla ukuthi iyisitshalo esiguquguqukayo kakhulu. ukumelana nesomiso futhi iyakwazi ukukhula enhlabathini empofulapho okunye okusanhlamvu kungahluleka khona. Lokhu kubeke endaweni engaziwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinethuba elikhulu kakhulu esimweni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile kancane.
Ngokomsoco, i-fonio inikeza ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, amaprotheni athile namaminerali, futhi igaywa kalula. Nakuba kungesona isitshalo esilula ukusitshala ebhalkhoni ngenxa yezidingo zaso zesikhala ukuze sivunwe kakhulu, ukuzama kungenzeka. izitshalo ezincane emibhedeni emikhulu ephakanyisiwe noma engadini yomndeningisho nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwe imbewu yasendulo, njengomsebenzi wokufunda nokonga kunokuba umthombo oyinhloko wokusanhlamvu.
I-Cowpea: i-legume eqinile futhi eguquguqukayo
I-Cowpea, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cowpea, iyi-legume evela e-Afrika eye yasetshenziswa kaningi kuye ngesifunda. Endaweni yayo evela kuyo, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ukudla kwabantu, kokubili okusanhlamvu kanye nohlazaKodwa-ke, lapho yethulwa e-United States nakwezinye izindawo, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni kwezilwane.
Isitshalo se-cowpea sithakazelisa kakhulu ngoba cishe yonke i-biomass iyadliwaLesi sitshalo sakhiwe ngamaqabunga athambile, ama-pod amancane, kanye nembewu eyomisiwe. Imbewu inikeza inani elihle lamaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni, i-fiber, kanye nezakhi ezincane, ezifana nezinye izitshalo ezisawolintshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezitshalo ezisawolintshi, sisiza ekulungiseni i-nitrogen enhlabathini, sithuthukise ukuvunda kwayo.
Enye yamandla e-cowpea ukuthi iyamangalisa ukubekezelela isomisoLokhu kwenza ifaneleke ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinehlobo elomile. Ezindaweni ezinobusika obuthambile, ingafakwa kalula ekujikelezweni kwezitshalo ukuze ihlukanise ingadi yemifino futhi inciphise ukuncika kubhontshisi wendabuko.
Ukuze utshale ubhontshisi ekhaya, okudingayo nje izitsha ezinkulu noma isiqephu esincane senhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle enelanga eliqondile. Kuyisitshalo esivuzayo esinazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. Akudingi inhlabathi ecebile kakhulu. nokuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, inganikeza kokubili ama-pod aluhlaza ukuze asetshenziswe amasha kanye nembewu eyomisiwe yemifino.
I-Yeros: i-legume yaseMedithera ezophinde itholakale
I-Vetch iyi-legume evame ukutshalwa endaweni yaseMedithera kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa kakhulu ukudla kwezilwane kanye nokudla kwezilwaneLokhu kungenxa yokuthi azidingi mali futhi zivumelana kahle nendawo lapho ezinye izitshalo zisebenza kabi khona.
Lesi sitshalo singamelana izimo zezulu ezibandayo nezomile, kanye nenhlabathi esezingeni eliphansiLokhu kuyenza ibe mnandi kakhulu ekuvuseleleni ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekudleni kwabantu ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezinemithombo embalwa. Naphezu komlando wayo omude, iye yathandwa kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zemifino ezaziwa kakhulu njenge-lentile, ubhontshisi, noma ubhontshisi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa ama-vetches ekudleni kwesimanje ziyahlolwa. Isibonelo esisodwa umsebenzi wephrojekthi ye-Circular Gastronomy ye-Madrid Institute for Rural, Agricultural and Food Research and Development (IMIDRA), ephakamisa ukuthi Sebenzisa i-vetch ehlume kumasaladi nakwezinye izinto ezilungiselelweUkuzihluma kuthuthukisa ukugayeka kwazo futhi kuthuthukisa izakhamzimba ezithile, okuvula ithuba lokusetshenziswa ngendlela enobuhlakani.
Uma kutshalwa ekhaya, i-vetch iziphatha ngendlela efanayo neminye imidumba: idinga inhlabathi ekhululekile, umswakama othile esigabeni sokuqala, kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuhle. Ziyindlela ekhangayo kulabo abafuna ukwethula imifino ecishe ikhohliwe engadini yakho yasekhaya bese kamuva uzame ekhishini, kungaba ukuzidla zomile, ziphekiwe noma ngesimo samahlumela.
Amandla okudla okunempilo ezitshalo zendabuko ezingasetshenziswa kahle
Ngaphandle kwalezi zibonelo ezithile, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zendabuko ezingaziwa kakhulu ezivelele ngokwakheka kwazo okunomsoco. Ezinye izimbali, okusanhlamvu okungamanga, kanye nemifino zinikeza amaphrofayili e-amino acid aphelele kakhulu, amazinga aphezulu amaprotheni kanye nezakhi ezincane eziningiIsibonelo, i-Quinoa idume ngokuba ngenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezingama-pseudocereals eziqukethe wonke ama-amino acid abalulekile adingekayo kubantu.
Izitshalo ezithile zasendaweni, njenge I-Bambara peanut E-Afrika, zibhekwa njengemithombo ebalulekile yamaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni namafutha anempilo emiphakathini ezilimayo. Ezinye izitshalo, njengezinhlobo ezithile ze-millet, ziyaziswa ngokucebile kwazo nge-calcium, insimbi, kanye nezinye izimbiwa ezibalulekile ezisiza ekuvimbeleni i-anemia nokuqinisa amathambo.
Eplanethini lapho lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "indlala efihliwe" - ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali abalulekile naphezu kokudla amandla anele - kuthinta amakhulu ezigidi zabantu, lokhu kudla okungasetshenziswa kahle kungadlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi, i-zinc, i-iodine, noma amavithamini A, B12, kanye no-D Zisakazeke kakhulu ezindaweni ezimpofu kanye nasemazweni asathuthuka, ngisho nasemiphakathini ebonakala isondlekile kahle lapho imikhiqizo ecutshungulwe kakhulu ivame khona.
Eziningi zalezi zilimo ezikhohliwe zinenzuzo yokuba ukumelana nesimo sezulu ngokwemveloZijwayele ukulima ngamanzi amancane, enhlabathini engajulile, noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezifana kakhulu nokuthi ezolimo zizoba njani esikhathini esizayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Okungeziwe kulokhu yikhono lazo lokuhweba kwasendaweni nakwamanye amazwe uma kuklanywa izintambo zenani elifanele futhi kwenziwa utshalomali ocwaningweni lwazo nasekukhuthazeni.
Ukusindisa lokhu kuhlukahluka, kokubili kofuzo kanye nokupheka, akuyona nje indaba yokukhumbula izikhathi zakudala noma ukuthandana kwasemakhaya. Kuyisibopho esihlakaniphile sokwenza kanjalo ukucebisa ukudla, ukwandisa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulungenkathi sibheka ulwazi lwasendulo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezingazange ziqashelwe yimboni enkulu.
Indima yenqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye nocwaningo
Ukuze lezi zitshalo ziphume emthunzini, akwanele ukuthi abantu abambalwa bazitshale ema-terrace abo, yize lokho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile. Kudingeka okwengeziwe. ukwesekwa kwezikhungo, izinqubomgomo zomphakathi kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali okuthile ezenza kube lula ucwaningo lwabo, ukuthuthukiswa, ukulondolozwa kanye nokuthengiswa.
Okuningi kwalokhu kudla akukafundwa ngokwanele: ulwazi oluningiliziwe lwezolimo alukhoUlwazi mayelana nezinambuzane nezifo zabo, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula obuguquliwe, kanye nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa abantu yokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bazidle konke kubalulekile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo seziqala ukugxila kuzo njengengxenye ye-ajenda yesikhathi esizayo yezinhlelo zokudla ezisimeme.
Izinhlelo ezifana namaphrojekthi e-circular gastronomy noma amabhange e-germplasm zinegalelo ku- gcina izinhlobo zendawo futhi usakaze izindlela ezintsha zokuzilungiselelaukubasondeza kokubili kubapheki nabathengi. Uma umkhiqizo ungena ekuphekeni okuphezulu noma ezindaweni zokudlela ezintsha, uvame ukubangela umphumela we-domino ekugcineni ofinyelela emapulazini omndeni, futhi kancane kancane, umphakathi jikelele.
Uma lawa maqhinga ehlanganiswa nezikhuthazo zabalimi, imikhankaso yokufundisa ngokudla, kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho ezihlonipha ukuhlukahluka okutshaliwe, izitshalo ezinganakwa zingaba ukuze baphinde bathole indawo efanele ohlelweni lokudla kwezolimoNgesikhathi esifanayo, wonke umuntu onquma ukucwaninga, ukuthenga, noma ukutshala lezi zinhlobo uthumela isignali yesidingo esiza ukusheshisa ushintsho.
Besilokhu silima ukudla iminyaka engaba ngu-12,000, sisinda ezikhathini zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubi kakhulu futhi sifunda izifundo ezibalulekile endleleni. Namuhla, sibhekene nenkinga entsha yesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, siphinde silalele abantu bomdabu, sifunda ngokudla kwendabuko, kanye xhumana kabusha nalabo abahlala eduze nomhlaba Kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Ukuhlakanipha okuningi okungasisiza sivumelane nomhlaba ohlukile, ngisho nasezingeni elincane kakhulu lengadi yethu yasekhaya, kusezindleleni zabo zokulima kanye nezitshalo zasendaweni.
