Emvelweni, ukuguquguquka kwezitshalo kuyamangalisa., ikakhulukazi kulezo zimiso zemvelo lapho umlilo uyinto ephindaphindayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ziye zavela amasu isimanga ukuthi hhayi kuphela sisinde emlilweni, kodwa futhi zincike kubo ukuze baqedele umjikelezo wabo wokuphila. Lezi zinhlobo zibizwa izitshalo ze-pyrophilous o ama-pyrophytes.
Kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa ngokuningiliziwe Ziyini izitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo?, ukuthi baye benza kanjani izindlela zokuzivikela nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, okuyizinhlobo eziyizimpawu kakhulu zezindawo zokuhlala ezihlukene kanye nokubaluleka kwazo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemvelo ngemva kwemililo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzothola amathiphu okudala izingadi eziphephile noma izindawo eziluhlaza futhi ikwazi ukumelana nomlilo, ihlonipha njalo ibhalansi yemvelo ye-ecosystem ngayinye.
Yiziphi izitshalo ze-pyrophilous noma ze-pyrophytic?
Izitshalo ze-Pyrophilous Lezi izitshalo eziye zakha izimo ezizivumela ukuba zimelane, zizuze, noma zithembele ngisho nasekushisweni kwehlathi. Igama labo livela esiGrekini: i-pyros (umlilo) kanye philia (ubungane), ngakho ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “abangane bomlilo.”
Lezi zitshalo eziphilayo ziye zajwayela izindawo zokuhlala lapho umlilo wemvelo uvame khona, njengama-savanna, i-Mediterranean scrublands, amahlathi eucalyptus e-Australia noma izindawo ezithile zase-Afrika naseMelika. Nakuba izitshalo eziningi zinqotshwa amalangabi, ama-pyrophyte awagcini nje ngokusinda, kodwa angakwazi ukusebenzisa izimo zangemuva komlilo ukuze akhule ngenxa yokuzala komlotha kanye nokuncintisana okuncane kwezinsiza.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ongakhetha kuzo engadini yakhoUngafunda futhi ngezitshalo ezingashi nokuhlanganiswa kwazo ezindaweni eziluhlaza.
Izinhlobo zokuzijwayeza zezitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo
Ukuguqulwa kwe- izitshalo ze-pyrophilous Zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngendlela eziyisebenzisayo ukumelana, ukusinda noma ukusizakala ngemililo:
- Ukumelana ne-passive: izici zesakhiwo ezizivumela ukuthi zimelane nemililo enamandla ephansi noma ephakathi, njengamagxolo aminyene, amaqabunga ayinyama noma imiqumbe evikelwe.
- Ukukhula kabusha kwangemva komlilo: izitshalo ezilahlekelwa yizingxenye zazo zasemoyeni emlilweni, kodwa zihluma kusukela esisekelweni ngenxa yezitho ezingaphansi komhlaba noma izimpande ezijulile.
- Ukuhluma okuncike emlilweni: imbewu edinga ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze iphule i-dormancy futhi iqhume.
- Ikoloni ngemuva komlilo: Izinhlobo zamaphayona ezisizakala ngokushesha ngokushiswa komhlaba ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuncintisana kanye nokunotha kwezakhi emhlabathini.
Kukuphi lapho ama-pyrophyte atholakala khona kakhulu?
Ama-pyrophyte atholakala kakhulu izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esomile, esomile neseMedithera, lapho izinkathi ezomile nombani wemvelo uthanda imililo ngezikhathi ezithile. Izibonelo ezivelele ze-ecosystem enomlilo wequbula omningi zifaka:
- Amahlathi aseMedithera: ngezinhlobo ezifana ne-cork oak, amaphayini nama-rockroses.
- Amahlathi ase-Australia nama-savanna: kugcwele izihlahla zikagamthilini nezomtholo.
- Grasslands kanye ne-chaparral yaseMelika: lapho izinhlobo ezifana ne-Aleppo pine, aspen notshani obuthile buchuma khona ngemva kokusha.
- Izindawo zezintaba zasePatagonia naseNingizimu Melika: ngezinhlobo eziguquliwe njenge I-Araucaria futhi i I-Nothofagus antarctica.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo ze-pyrophilous ngokwesu lazo
Izinhlobo ze-pyrophilous zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu, kuye ngokuthi ziphila kanjani noma zisebenzisa kanjani umlilo:
- Izitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo
- Izitshalo ezihlumayo ngemva komlilo
- Izitshalo ezinembewu noma izithelo ezingashi
- Izitshalo ezifaka amakoloni ngemuva komlilo
1. Izitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo
Lezi zinhlobo zikhona izakhiwo ezibavumela ukuthi bamelane nomonakalo lapho umlilo ungenalo udlame ngokweqile. Izici zifaka:
- Uqweqwe oluqinile, olunothe kakhulu (izicubu zezitshalo zamaseli afile), njengaku-oki kakhokho (I-Quercus suber), esebenza njenge-insulator eshisayo.
- Ishiya namanzi amaningi noma ama-succulents, njenge i-aloe vera, okubanikeza isivikelo esithile ekushiseni.
- Ama-buds avikelekile nezitho ezibalulekile ngezingqimba zezicubu noma ezitholakala ngaphansi kwamagxolo aminyene.
Izibonelo zezinhlobo ezinokumelana ne-passive
- I-Araucaria araucana: I-conifer enesiqu esiqinile namagxolo aminyene kakhulu, ikhula ibe nkulu futhi ihlala emahlathini ase-Andean.
- I-Araucaria angustifolia: Iphawuleka ngokuphila isikhathi eside nokumelana kwayo, ngenxa yamagxolo ayo aminyene kanye nezicubu zangaphakathi ezivikelekile.
- I-Quercus suber: Isihlahla esivamile saseMedithera, amagxolo kakhokho aso asivikela ngokuphumelelayo emlilweni ongashisi kakhulu.
- I-Aspidosperma (I-Quebracho Emhlophe):
Lezi zimo zivumela isihlahla noma isihlahlana ukuthi sihlale siphila futhi siqhubeke sikhula ngemva komlilo ongaphezulu.
2. Izitshalo ezikhula kabusha ngemva komlilo
Ziyizinhlobo ezinjalo Bangalahlekelwa yizo zonke izingxenye zabo zasemoyeni ngesikhathi somlilo, kodwa agcina izitho ezingaphansi komhlaba (izimpande, ama-rhizomes, ama-bulb) noma ama-regrowth buds, amelana ngisho nemililo enzima.
- butia yatay (Yatay palm):
- I-Eucalyptus spp. (I-Eucalyptus):
- I-Nothofagus antarctica (I-Antarctic beech):
- I-Quercus ilex (Holm oki):
- I-Juniperus oxycedrus
Lezi zitshalo ngokuvamile zinenethiwekhi eminyene yezimpande kanye a ikhono eliyingqayizivele lokusebenzisa izakhamzimba emlotheni, ukusheshisa ukuvuselelwa kwemvelo ngemva komlilo.
3. Izitshalo ezinezithelo noma imbewu ezingashi
Leli qembu lihlanganisa ndawonye lezo zinhlobo imbewu yazo noma izithelo zazo zimelana nokushisa okukhulu futhi iqhume ngemva komlilo, iqoqe izindawo ezicekelwe phansi.
- Izikhonkwane (Pinus spp.):
- I-Cistus (Jaras):
- AmaProteas:
- USalvia rosmarinus (Rosemary):
- Ulex parviflorus (I-Aliaga):
La i-serotinia (ukuvulwa kwezithelo noma izigaxa ngenxa yokushisa) kuyindlela ekhangayo evumela ukuvuselelwa ngokushesha kwekhava yezitshalo ngemva komlilo.
4. Qalisa futhi wenze izitshalo zibe amakoloni ngemva komlilo
Izitshalo zokuphayona azikubekezeleli umlilo kodwa Basebenzisa indawo ecacile, enomsoco ngemva komlilo ukuze benze indawo ikoloni ngokushesha.Ngokuvamile ziyi-herbaceous noma ezikhula ngokushesha.
- i-aristida stricta:
- I-Epilobium angustifolium:
- I-Populus tremuloides (Aspen):
- Iminduze nezitshalo ezihlobene:
Izici ze-physiological and morphological zezitshalo ezimelana nomlilo
Phakathi kwe ukuguqulwa kwe-morphological and physiological, avelela:
- Amagxolo aminyene, ane-fibrous noma anothe ngokhokho, esebenza njengesithiyo esishisayo futhi ibambezela ukungena kokushisa.
- Izitho ezigcinwe ngaphansi komhlaba (ama-bulb, ama-tubers, izimpande ezijulile) ezigcina imisoco namaseli akhula kabusha.
- Imbewu ethule imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ekwazi ukumelana nokushiswa kwenhlabathi ngisho nengxenye.
- Umthamo wokuphindaphinda osheshayo ngemva kokucekelwa phansi kwengxenye yasemoyeni.
- Amaqabunga anamanzi amaningi, njengasezitshalweni ezinoshukela, okwenza kube nzima ukuvutha ngokushesha.
Izibonelo ezivelele zezitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo
Ake sibhekisise ezinye zezinhlobo zezilwane eziyisibonelo mayelana nokumelana nomlilo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, emhlabeni wonke kanye nezimo zezulu zaseMedithera nezishisayo:
- I-Araucaria araucana: Amagxolo aminyene, ukhuni olukhipha inhlaka, nendawo yokuhlala ezindaweni ezinomlilo ovamile e-Chile nase-Argentina. Ngemva komlilo, ingadla izindawo ezintsha.
- I-Araucaria angustifolia: Njengoba idabuka eningizimu yeBrazil nasemazweni angomakhelwane, ukumelana kwayo kuthanda ukuphila isikhathi eside kanye neqhaza ekutshalweni kabusha kwamahlathi.
- butia yatay:
- I-CistusIzihlahlana zaseMedithera okuthi, naphezu kokushiswa nje, imbewu yazo iqhume kakhulu ngemva komlilo.
- I-Eucalyptus spp.: Izihlahla zase-Australia (ezethulwe ezifundeni eziningi) ezinamagxolo axebukayo kanye nemiqumbe evikelwe, ekhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kabusha okusheshayo.
- I-Nothofagus antarctica: Ikwazi ukumelana nesimiso sayo esingaphansi komhlaba, ibalulekile emahlathini aseningizimu ngemva kokusha.
- I-Pinus spp. (Amaphayini aseMedithera):
- I-Quercus suber (I-Cork oak):
- Ulex parviflorus (I-Aliaga):
- USalvia rosmarinus (Rosemary):
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo kwezitshalo ze-pyrophilous
Ama-Pyrophyte adlala indima indima ebalulekile emijikelezweni yemvelo wezinto eziphilayo ezithandwa ngumlilo. Bangukhiye woku:
- Buyisela ikhava yezitshalo ngemva komlilo, ukuzinzisa inhlabathi nokuvimbela ukuguguleka.
- Yenza kube lula ukulandelana kwemvelo, okuvumela ukubuya kancane kancane kwezimila nezilwane.
- Konga izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuma-ecosystem ajwayela umlilo, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zincike ekuzalweni kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Yehlisa ukuncintisana: Umlilo uqeda izinhlobo ezizwelayo, ovumela ama-pyrophyte ukuthi abuse okwesikhashana futhi aqinisekise ukusinda kwawo.
Izingozi, ukuphathwa, namathiphu okuvikela ukumelana nomlilo
Azikho izitshalo "ezingashi" ngokuphelele, kodwa ezinye azikwazi ukuvutha kakhulu kunezinye, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-resin yazo ephansi kanye nokuqukethwe kukawoyela okuguquguqukayo noma okuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi. Ekwakheni izingadi nezindawo ezingashiKunconywa:
- Khetha izinhlobo zomdabu ezijwayele imvelo, ikakhulukazi enamaqabunga noma anamahlamvu abanzi.
- Gwema amaqembu aminyene ezitshalo ezivutha kakhulu, njengama-conifers anenhlaka, ama-cypresses noma ama-leylandii hedges.
- Nakekela izikhala nokuthena okuvamile ukuvimbela umlilo ukuthi ungabhebhetheki ngokuqhubeka ukusuka kumqhele kuya kumqhele.
- Sebenzisa izithiyo zemvelo (izindlela zamatshe, indawo yamaminerali) phakathi kwezindawo eziluhlaza kanye nezakhiwo.
- Gcina amaqabunga afile namagatsha omile kuhlanzekile, ezingasebenza njengophethiloli.
- Faka amakhava ezitshalo anobungozi obuncane, njengezitshalo zekhava yomhlabathi (isb. thyme, sedum).
Ukuhlukahluka kwendawo kanye nezibonelo zamazwe ngamazwe
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zaseMedithera naseningizimu esezishiwo, Kwamanye amazwekazi kunezitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo okuhlobene nokulawula umlilo nokubuyisela:
- Iphayini Elimhlophe (UPinus strobus): INyakatho Melika, izigaxa zikaphayini nazo zikhipha imbewu ngemva komlilo.
- Iphayini leCanary (I-Pinus canariensis): Okuwukuphela kwe-conifer ekwaziyo ukumelana futhi iphinde ibuyele emuva ngemva komlilo ngenxa yamagxolo awo aminyene kakhulu.
- I-Brachychiton acerifolius (Isihlahla somlilo):
Iqhaza lezilwane ku-ecosystem emva komlilo
Umlilo uthanda izinguquko ezindaweni zokuhlala kanye ukutholakala kwensiza Ngezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane, ezizuza ezindaweni ezivulekile noma izinkuni ezifile. Izibonelo ezimangalisayo:
- Ibhungane lomlilo (I-Melanophila acuminata):
- I-partridge enemilenze ebomvu kanye nonogwaja waseYurophu:
- Iziqophamithi: Basebenzisa ukhuni oluthambile lwezihlahla ezishile ukuze bakhe isidleke.
Ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kwamahlathi kanye nemithetho yomlilo
La ukuguqulwa kwezinhlobo ze-pyrophyte Kuxhumene kakhulu nokuzinza kombuso womlilo (imvamisa, ukuqina, inkathi kanye nokusabalala). Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuphathwa kwehlathi ngendlela efanele kuyawashintsha la maphethini., nemililo enamandla kakhulu, engalindelekile futhi evame ukuvela, ebeka inselele ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nokuphila kwakho kokubili izitshalo nezilwane ezijatshulelwa umlilo.
Ungahlola futhi isigaba sethu sezitshalo zasehlobo, esihlanganisa izinhlobo eziqinile.
