Usomisa Kanjani Isihlahla: Izindlela Ezisebenzayo, Amathiphu, kanye Nezixwayiso Zamanje Zomthetho

Njengamanje siphila ngokoqobo lapho ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuqhubekayo kanye nokungcoliswa komhlaba Lezi izinselele ezinkulu zemvelo. Lezi zici zenza umthwalo womuntu ngamunye wokunakekela indawo esihlala kuyo ubaluleke nakakhulu. Naphezu kwalokhu kuzibophezela, kunezimo lapho isidingo sokususa isihlahla sibekiweIzizathu zingasukela ekuntulekeni kwendawo kuye ekukhathazekeni kokuphepha ngenxa yezingozi zokuwa, ukulimala kwengqalasizinda eseduze, ukuvinjwa kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile, noma umthelela kwabanye abantu.

Kulesi sihloko esibanzi nesiningiliziwe uzothola Wonke amasu nezindlela, zemvelo namakhemikhali, ibhukwana kanye nochwepheshe, ukomisa umuthi ngokuphepha, ngokuphumelelayo nangokusheshaSiyakuqondisa ohlelweni ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, okuhlanganisa izexwayiso zomthetho, ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo, kanye nendlela yokukhetha inqubo efaneleke kakhulu yecala ngalinye. Siphinde futhi sihlanganise ulwazi lochwepheshe nolwazi olusebenzayo ukuze wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu esivumelana nezidingo zakho, kuyilapho uhlonipha njalo umthetho wamanje futhi uvikela ezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokomisa isihlahla: amasu, amathiphu kanye nezixwayiso

Uma isihlahla siba yinkinga endaweni yakho, kufanele kubhekwe isinqumo sokusisusa. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izihlahla zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem, zinikeza umthunzi, umoya-mpilo, nendawo yokuhlala yezilwane zasendle zendawo. Nokho, izici ezifana Izifo ezinzima, ukukhula okunganele, ukusondela kwezakhiwo, ukuhlasela kwezimpande, noma izingxabano zendawo zingathethelela ukuqedwa kwazo.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo, phenya imithetho yendawo. Kwamanye amadolobha namadolobhana, ukugawula noma ukususa izihlahla (ikakhulukazi lezo ezibhekwa “njengezivikelekile” noma ezinkulu) kungase kudinge izimvume. Uma isihlahla sithinta amanethiwekhi kagesi, imigwaqo yaseceleni, izisekelo noma amakhaya, thintana nochwepheshe noma amasevisi agunyaziwe ukuze ugweme izingozi ezingadingekile.

Kungani ukhetha ukomisa isihlahla esikhundleni sokusigawula?

Ukugawulwa kwesihlahla kuhilela ukusisusa kancane kancane, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokuthi inqubo ibonakale ngeso lenyama. Isibonelo, uma unezinkinga ngesihlahla endaweni esemngceleni noma esithinta ingqalasizinda kodwa ungafuni ukugawula obala (okungase futhi kubangele izinsolo noma kuhilele izimvume), izindlela zokugawula izihlahla zinikeza isixazululo. iyathuthuka, ayibonakali kancane futhi, ezimeni zokungqubuzana, ihlakaniphe kakhuluEzinye izindlela "zemvelo" kakhulu futhi zithatha isikhathi eside, kanti ezinye (amakhemikhali noma imanuwali) zinemiphumela esheshayo, kodwa futhi zibeka izingozi zemvelo nezomthetho okufanele uziqaphele.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Indlela Yokomisa Isihlahla Nge-Bleach: Izindlela Eziphephile, Izingozi, kanye Nezinye izindlela ezinemininingwane

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokomisa isihlahla isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

1. Ukomisa ngosawoti we-Epsom noma usawoti we-rock

Indlela ephumelelayo, eyongayo neyemvelo yokomisa isihlahla ukusetshenziswa kwe usawoti we-epsom (i-magnesium sulfate) noma usawoti wedwala (i-sodium chloride ngaphandle kwezithasiselo). Ungalokothi usebenzise usawoti ovamile ne-iodine noma ezinye izithasiselo, njengoba lokhu kungase kuthinte kabi inhlabathi nezitshalo ezizungezile.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: Gcoba izimbobo esisekelweni bese uvula izimpande zesiqu sesihlahla, uhlukanise ngo-3 kuya ku-5 cm. Imigodi kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-1,5 no-2,5 ​​cm ububanzi futhi okungenani ibe ngu-20 kuya ku-30 ​​cm ukushona ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usawoti ufinyelela ezicutshini eziphilayo. Gcwalisa izimbobo ngosawoti we-Epsom noma usawoti we-rock, umboze nge-wax ukuze uvale, bese ubeka ishidi lepulasitiki noma isikhwama esisindayo phezu kwesiqu ukuze usivikele ekukhanyeni nasemanzini. Uzoqaphela ukushwabana phakathi kwamaviki ambalwa, kodwa inqubo ingathatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kweziyisi-6 ukuze yome ngokuphelele.

• Le ndlela inconywa ezihlahleni ezincane noma eziphakathi nendawo, noma iziphunzi eziqhubeka zihluma.
• Vimbela usawoti ukuthi ungahlangani nezitshalo ezibalulekile eziseduze.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Indlela yokoma isihlahla ngezimpande: izindlela eziphephile, ezisemthethweni nezisebenzayo

2. Ukomisa ngokucindezelwa noma ukuncisha ukukhanya (ukubhinca nokuvala isiqu)

Iringed Kuyindlela yobungcweti ehlanganisa ukususa amagxolo aqhubekayo esiqwini, okungenani ama-5 cm ububanzi ezihlahleni ezinkulu (ngaphezulu kwezinkulu kakhulu). Lokhu kunqamula ukugeleza kobisi phakathi kwezimpande nombhede, kuvimbele ingxenye engaphezulu yesihlahla ukuthi ingondleki.

Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela, ungavala indawo eboshwe kanye/noma isiqu sonke ngepulasitiki emnyama ewugqinsi, uvimbele i-photosynthesis, ukungena kwamanzi, nokuvuselelwa kabusha. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola nokususa noma yimaphi amahlumela avela eduze kwesisekelo kuze kube yilapho isihlahla sifa ngokuphelele.

• Inqubo ithatha isikhathi (izinyanga ezimbalwa), kodwa iphumelela kakhulu futhi ihlakaniphile.
• Ezinye izihlahla zingamila uma ukubhinca kukha phezulu kakhulu.
• Ukumbozwa okuphelele nakho kusiza ukubola isiqu, kukhuthaze ukubola kwesikhunta.

3. Ukomisa ngamakhemikhali nama-herbicides

Ukusetshenziswa kwe ama-herbicides esistimu (i-glyphosate, i-triclopyr) ingenye yezindlela ezisheshayo futhi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokubulala isihlahla, ikakhulukazi uma sikhulu noma siqinile. Inqubo eyisisekelo ihilela ukubhoboza imigodi ejulile phansi kwesiqu kanye/noma izimpande kanye nokugcotshwa komuthi wokubulala ukhula ngobunono (njalo hlola umthamo onconyiwe womkhiqizi kanye nohlobo lwesihlahla).

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa komuntu siqu, futhi ugweme ukuthintana nale mikhiqizo nezitshalo ezizungezile, njengoba isenzo sazo esihlelekile singathinta zonke izimila ezitholakala empandeni yazo.

• I-Glyphosate ngokuvamile ibonisa imiphumela emavikini angu-2 kuya kwangu-8, kuye ngosayizi nezinhlobo.
• I-Triclopyr ilungele izihlahla ezinamacembe abanzi kanye nezinhlobo zokhuni ezinzima.
• Kutuswa ukuthi ujove umkhiqizo noma uwufake ngqo kwiringi entsha ukuze ukhulise ukusebenza kahle.

4. Umanyolo we-nitrogen kanye nendlela yokubola kwesikhunta

Enye indlela yemvelo ekhuthaza isenzo sokubola kwesikhunta ukugcwalisa izimbobo esiqwini ngomanyolo onothe nge-nitrogen. Lo mkhiqizo usheshisa ukubola kwezinkuni, okuvumela isikhunta semvelo kanye namagciwane ukuthi abhubhise isihlahla ngokushesha.

Le ndlela ilungile uma inhloso kuwukukhipha isiqu esishiywe ngemuva kokugawulwa. Inqubo ingathatha inyanga noma izinyanga ezimbalwa, kodwa umphumela uba isiphunzi esonakalisiwe ngokuphelele esiphephile ukusikhipha.

5. Ukusetshenziswa kwezipikili zethusi

Ukusetshenziswa kwe izinzipho zethusi Ukucofa ithusi esiqwini nasezimpandeni kuyindlela yendabuko esekelwe kubuthi bethusi kumaseli wokutshala. Ngokubethela izingcezu zethusi ezindaweni ezihlukene esisekelweni noma eduze komjikelezo wesihlahla, ukusabela okunobuthi kubangelwa, okuholela ekufeni okuqhubekayo kwezicubu.

• Akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ezinhlotsheni ezimelana kakhulu, kodwa kuhlanganiswe nokubhinca noma ngemva kokusika amagatsha amakhulu kungasheshisa inqubo.
• Beka izipikili njalo ngo-5 cm eduze komjikelezo we-basal wesihlahla.
• Ungasebenzisi izipikili ezenziwe ngezinye izinsimbi, njengoba ithusi kuphela linomphumela oqondile we-phytotoxic.

6. Isicelo sikapharafini

Kubandakanya ukubhoboza imbobo enobubanzi obuhle ezungeze isiqu nokufaka upharafini oqinile noma owuketshezi. Lesi senzo siyavala futhi siminyanise imigudu yesihlahla, futhi esikhathini esimaphakathi (cishe izinyanga ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4) isihlahla sizoqala ukoma ngaphakathi ngoba izinhlelo zaso zokuhambisa zizovaleka.

• Indlela enconyiwe ye amaphayini namanye ama-conifers iyazwela ekuvinjweni kwamashaneli angaphakathi.
• Akufanele isetshenziswe ezihlahleni zezithelo uma ufuna ukuphinda usebenzise indawo izitshalo ezizayo, njengoba ingashiya izinsalela.

7. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-chainsaw, imbazo noma umsiki ochwepheshe

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo noma ngezihlahla ezinkulu, inketho eqondile ukugawula ngochwepheshe nge-chainsaw. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili komthelela, ubungozi bokuwela ezakhiweni, futhi ulandele imithetho yezokuphepha. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngemva kokugawulwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe enye yalezi zindlela ezingenhla esiphunzini ukuvimbela ukukhula kabusha. Khumbula:

• Akuzona zonke izihlahla ezifa ngokugawulwa nje; eziningi ziyahluma futhi uma izimpande ziqhubeka ziphila.
• Xhumana nochwepheshe uma isihlahla sisengozini yokuwela ezintanjeni zikagesi noma ezindlini.

Ezinye izindlela neziwuketshezi zokumisa izihlahla ngempumelelo

• Amanzi abilayo: Ukuthela amanzi angaphezu kuka-120 ° C ngqo emigodini esiqwini noma ezimpandeni kubangela ukulimala ngokushesha okushisayo kwezicubu zangaphakathi zesihlahla, kusheshise ukufa kwaso.
• I-Chlorine nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza (i-bleach, ammonia, uwoyela wemoto): Nakuba zisetshenziswa kancane, zivame ukushiya izinsalela eziyingozi emhlabathini. Ukujova lolu ketshezi esiqwini noma ezimpandeni kushisa izicubu zangaphakathi futhi kuvimbela ukuvuselelwa, kodwa futhi kungalimaza inhlabathi ezitshalweni zesikhathi esizayo. Zisebenzise ngokuqapha okukhulu futhi kuphela lapho ezinye izindlela zingenakwenzeka.
• Uketshezi lwe-systemic herbicidal: Okuphumelela kakhulu emiphumeleni esheshayo. Faka isicelo ngokulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizo, ucabangela imithetho yemvelo.

Indlela yokomisa isihlahla ngezimpande: isenzo esisebenzayo nesihlala njalo

Ukubulala isihlahla ezimpandeni kuqinisekisa ukuqedwa okuphelele futhi kuvimbela ukukhula kabusha. Ukufeza lokhu, izinyathelo ezibalulekile yizi:

1. Khomba izimpande ezikha phezulu neziyinhloko bese ubhoboza noma wenze ukusikeka ukwenza lula ukungena komkhiqizo (usawoti, ukhula, amanzi abilayo, njll.).
2. Engeza i-ejenti yokomisa ekhethiwe emgodini ngamunye noma ukusika, ukuvala uma kunesidingo nge-wax noma upharafini.
3. Phinda le nqubo njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo ufinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala zempande.
4. Hlola ukuthi awekho amahlumela avela phansi noma ezindaweni ezikude; ukuqeda noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuzalwa kabusha.

Ezihlahleni ezinezimpande ezibanzi, ungasiza ngokumboza indawo ngepulasitiki emnyama ukuvala izimpande futhi uthuthukise umphumela wanoma yimaphi amakhemikhali noma usawoti osetshenzisiwe.

Icala elikhethekile: uwomisa kanjani uphayini namaconifers afanayo

I-Los uphayini namaconifers Bangase baqine ngenxa ye-physiology yabo. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Gcoba upharafini emigodini eyenziwe ngaphansi kwesiquInqubo ibangela ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwesistimu yangaphakathi.
• Sebenzisa izinzipho zethusi ezisatshalaliswa njalo ngo-5 cm ezungeze isisekelo, ehlasela zonke izingxenye eziphilayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumuncwa kwe-ion yethusi.
• Jova i-glyphosate emsulwa emigodini engu-1,5 cm ububanzi ezifinyelela phakathi nesiqu. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthintana nezitshalo ezizwelayo eziseduze.
• Nquma ukugeleza kwe-sap nge-deep banding (ubuncane obungamasentimitha angu-5 ukujula), ngokwazi ukuthi ezinye izibonelo zingase zihlume futhi uma zinezigodi ezibalulekile empandeni noma uma iringi ingabanzi noma ingashoni ngokwanele.

Ungawomisa kanjani isihlahla ngokushesha nangobuhlakani (ngaphandle kokubonakala)

Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yokuba seduze kwemizi, izindawo zomphakathi noma izingxabano zomakhelwane, Umgomo uwukumisa isihlahla ngobuhlakaniI-banding embozwe ngepulasitiki emnyama yiyona enconywa kakhulu ngale njongo, njengoba ingashiyi imikhondo ecacile yamakhemikhali noma umsebenzi osobala womuntu. Ukwengeza:

• La umjovo we-systemic herbicides emigodini emincane esabalaliswe ngasesiqwini ingakwazi ukubonwa.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa uketshezi oluqinile njenge-chlorine noma i-bleach ezingadini zomphakathi, njengoba zibonakala ngephunga bese zishiya iminonjana emhlabathini.

Izici ezingokomthetho, ezemvelo kanye nokuphepha ngaphambi kokumisa isihlahla

La umthetho wokususwa kwezihlahla Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo kanye nohlobo lwesihlahla. Kunemithethonqubo engavikela izinhlobo zemvelo, ezinkulu, noma inani lendawo. Ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo esingenakuhlehliswa, thintana nesizindalwazi noma umnyango wezemvelo kamasipala wakho noma umphakathi ozimele. Bese ukhumbula:

• Ukususwa kwezihlahla okungekho emthethweni kungaholela ezijezisweni ezibalulekile..
• Uma isihlahla siseduze kwezintambo zikagesi noma ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, cela ukwesekwa kochwepheshe noma uthinte inkampani kagesi.
• Ezweni elingumakhelwane noma ezindaweni zomphakathi, ungalokothi wenze ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile.
• Ungazisebenzisi izindlela zamakhemikhali uma unezilwane ezifuywayo, izingadi, noma izingane ezidlalayo endaweni.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokomiswa Kwezihlahla

• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi isihlahla some? Kuya endleleni. Amasu okwenziwa ngesandla ngokuvamile adinga izinyanga ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha; izindlela zamakhemikhali, kusukela emavikini kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Izici ezibalulekile izinhlobo, ubukhulu, kanye nenkathi yonyaka.
• Ingabe kusemthethweni ukomisa isihlahla endaweni yami? Ngokuvamile yebo, kodwa hlola imithetho yendawo, ikakhulukazi uma izihlahla zivikelwe noma ezindaweni zokuhlala.
• Yiziphi izingozi ezihilelekile ekusebenziseni amakhemikhali? Izingozi eziyinhloko ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi, ukulimala kwezitshalo eziseduze, ubuthi ezilwaneni zasendle, kanye nezindaba ezingokomthetho ezingaba khona. Beka kuqala ukuphepha komuntu siqu (amagilavu, imaski).
• Yini okufanele uyenze ngesihlahla esomile? Uma sesomile, susa amagatsha, amaqabunga, nezimpande. Ungahlikihla izinkuni ukuze wenze umquba noma uwulahle ngokwemithetho kamasipala mayelana nemfucumfucu yezitshalo.

Iseluleko sochwepheshe nezincomo ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo

• Hlala uthintana nabasebenzi abakhethekile uma isihlahla simelela ingozi engaba khona ngenxa yobukhulu baso, ukuthambekela noma indawo.
• Linganisa umthelela kwezemvelo ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibucayi noma eduze nemisele yamanzi.
• Cabangela ezinye izindlela ezinjengokuthena okukhethiwe, ukutshala kabusha, noma ukwenza izivumelwano nomakhelwane ngaphambi kokuthi usebenzise ukususa ngokuphelele.

Khumbula lokho, nakuba Kunamasu amaningi okomisa izihlahla Kusukela ezindleleni zemvelo kuye kumakhemikhali anamandla, isimo ngasinye sihlukile futhi sidinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwezingozi, imithelela, nemithethonqubo. Ukuhlela nokuzibophezela kuyisihluthulelo sokugwema ukulimala okubanjiswayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke le nqubo yenziwa ngokuphepha nangemvelo. Uma unokungabaza, ungahlala uphendukela kochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe abangaqinisekisa umphumela osebenzayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga zomthetho noma zemvelo.