Umkhiwane uyisihlahla saseMedithera ethela izithelo ezimnandi nezinomsoco, ezaziwa ngokuthi amakhiwane. Lezi zithelo zaziswa hhayi kuphela ukunambitheka kwazo, kodwa futhi nezinzuzo zazo eziningi zezempilo. Nokho, ukuze kuqinisekiswe inala nesivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo ezithile zokulima, ukunisela, nokuvuna. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi singathola kanjani isivuno esihle samakhiwane.
Ukuqonda Isihlahla Somkhiwane Nokutshalwa Kwaso
Umkhiwane (i-Ficus carica) isihlahla sesithelo esidabuka eNtshonalanga ye-Asia futhi sesilinywe izinkulungwane zeminyaka endaweni yaseMedithera. Naphezu kokuqina kwawo, ukutshalwa komkhiwane kudinga ukunakwa ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhiqizwa. Lapha sethula izici ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- Izidingo Zesimo Sezulu: Umkhiwane uyachuma isimo sezulu esishisayo nelanga eliningi namazinga okushisa apholile. Amahora amaningi we ukukhanya kwelanga ukwamukela, ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo kuzoba kukhulu.
- Uhlobo Lomhlabathi: Ithanda inhlabathi kukhishwe kahle nge-pH ene-alkaline kancane. Inhlabathi enamatshe noma enesihlabathi yamukelekile, kodwa kufanele ibe namandla okudonsa amanzi.
- Izidingo Zamanzi: Nakuba umkhiwane umelana nesomiso, ubalulekile amanzi ngendlela efanele ngezikhathi zokukhula nezithelo. Ukunisela ngaphansi kwamanzi kunganciphisa ubukhulu bamakhiwane, kuyilapho ukuchelela ngokweqile kungabangela ukubola kwezimpande.
Ukulungisa Isihlahla Somkhiwane Ukuze Sivunwe
Ukuze uthole amakhiwane asezingeni eliphezulu, kubalulekile ukunakekela isitshalo unyaka wonke. Imininingwane elandelayo yokunakekelwa okudingekayo:
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kuwumkhuba obalulekile ekulimeni umkhiwane. Kunconywa ukuthi ukwenze ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuze uvumele ukuhamba komoya nokuchayeka elangeni. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula okunempilo nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwezithelo. Futhi, uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe Amathiphu angcono kakhulu okukhulisa isihlahla somkhiwane ekhaya, kubalulekile ukucabangela izindlela ezifanele zokuthena:
- Ukuthena Ukuqeqesha: Kubalulekile ukubumba umkhiwane kusukela eminyakeni yawo yokuqala ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amagatsha asakazwa ngokulinganayo futhi kube lula ukuvuna.
- Ukuthena Ukukhiqiza: Kuhilela ukususa amagatsha angakhiqizi nokugcina lawo athela izithelo.
Ukuvikelwa Kwesihlahla Somkhiwane
Ukuvikela isihlahla somkhiwane eqhweni nasezilokazaneni kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni isivuno esihle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungalandela amathiphu ambalwa:
- Ukuvikelwa Kwasebusika: Ukumboza umkhiwane nge-burlap noma izinto ezifanayo phakathi nobusika kuzovikela amagatsha nezimpande ekucindezelekeni kokushisa.
- Ukulawula Izinambuzane: Ezinye izinambuzane, njenge-aphid nezimpukane zezithelo, zingathinta izinga lamakhiwane. Ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka.
Isikhathi Sokuvuna
Ukuqaphela isikhathi esifanele sokuvuna amakhiwane kubalulekile. Amakhiwane avuthiwe avame ukuba mnandi futhi anomsoco. Izimpawu zokuvuthwa zihlanganisa:
- Umbala womkhiwane ushintsha ube yimithunzi ekhanyayo, kuye ngokuthi izinhlobonhlobo.
- Uma i intamo yomkhiwane ibheke phansi, kuwuphawu lokuthi selilungele ukuvunwa.
Ukuvunwa Kwezandla
Amakhiwane kufanele avunwe ngesandla ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo. Kunconywa ukuvuna ngezikhathi zasekuseni, ukugwema amahora ashisayo ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka ezithelweni: Ngalo mqondo, uma ufuna ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana izitshalo zesimo sezulu esishisayo, ungathola idatha ethokozisayo:
- Ukuvuna Okucophelela: Amakhiwane kufanele akhethwe ngamunye ngamunye, anakekele ubuthakathaka bawo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amagilavu ukuvikela izandla zakho ku-latex ekhishwe izithelo.
- Ukusabalalisa Okusheshayo: Ngemuva kokuvuna, amakhiwane kufanele ahanjiswe endaweni yokugcina futhi ahlungwe ukuze asuse noma yikuphi owonakele.
Ukunakekela Ngemva Kokuvuna
Ngemuva kokuvuna, kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle amakhiwane ukuze uqinisekise ubusha bawo:
- Isitoreji: Amakhiwane kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile. Ukuze ulondoloze ubusha bawo, kutuswa ukuwaqeda ngokushesha noma uwafake emakhazeni.
- Ukushayela: Ukuphatha amakhiwane ngokunakekelwa okwedlulele kuzovimbela umonakalo ongathinta ukubukeka kwawo kanye nokunambitheka kwawo.
Izinzuzo zamakhiwane
Amakhiwane awagcini nje ngokumnandi, kodwa futhi anikeza izinzuzo eziningana zezempilo:
- Ukudla okunomsoco: Bacebile amaminerali njenge-potassium ne-calcium, kanye ne-in amavithamini A no-K.
- Ukugaya: I-fibre yayo ephezulu ikhuthaza impilo enhle yokugaya ukudla.
- Ama-antioxidants: Basiza ukulwa nama-radicals mahhala, angasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yezifo ezingapheli.
Amakhiwane angumthombo wemvelo wamandla, alungele ukudla okulula okunempilo. Uma kwenzeka unentshisekelo ku- Ukukhetha izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezingadini yakho, ulwazi lwakho lungaphelelisa ukutshalwa kwamakhiwane.
Ngokulandela lawa macebiso nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu, noma yimuphi umlimi angajabulela isivuno esiningi nesimnandi samakhiwane, akhulise zonke izinzuzo zawo futhi ajabulele ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele okunikezwa yilesi sithelo.