Umhlahlandlela ophelele nonemininingwane wokukhulisa ngempumelelo ama-bromeliad ngaphandle: izinhlobo, ukunakekelwa, namathiphu engadini yangaphandle.

I-Las bromeliads Izitshalo zomsuka wezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo, ezidume umhlaba wonke ngemvelo ebabazekayo yamahlamvu awo, ukuqina kwawo, kanye nekhono lawo elimangalisayo lokujwayela indawo ehlukahlukene. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, ikakhulukazi bahlala kuyo amahlathi emvula, lapho amazinga okushisa ehlala engaphezulu kuka-0 degrees. Ngakho-ke, ezifundeni ezipholile ngokuvamile zibhekwa ngaphakathi kwezitshalo, njengoba kunenkolelo yokuthi ngeke bakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle… Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela?

Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi ama-bromeliad ahlukahlukene ngendlela emangalisayo futhi angatshalwa ngaphandle ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Nakuba izincwadi zivame ukuxwayisa ngokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa abandayo, iqiniso liwukuthi imvelo akuvamile ukuba lukhuni kangaka Futhi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zibonakala zikwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka kunalokho obekulindelwe, inqobo nje uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha. Thola ngezansi ukuthi kanjani, nini, futhi kuphi ukukhula kwe-bromeliads ngaphandle futhi uthole ingadi exotic futhi colorful ekhaya lakho.

Izici nokuhlukahluka kwe-bromeliads

I-Bromeliads ingeyomndeni I-Bromeliaceae futhi zihlanganisa okungaphezu kwalokho Izinhlobo ezingama-3.000 ziqoqwe ezizukulwaneni ezingaba ngu-60, njenge IGuzmania, Neoregelia, Vriesea, Aechmea, Tillandsia kanye neAnanas (okuhlanganisa uphayinaphu). I-anatomy yayo igqamile amaqabunga ahlelwe ku-rosette: Zingaba lukhuni futhi zibe isikhumba noma zibe mncane futhi zithambe, futhi imibala yazo isukela kokuluhlaza kuya kokunsomi, idlule kumathoni abomvu, aphuzi kanye nawowolintshi aqinisa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.

Iningi lama-bromeliads ama-epiphyte (zihlala eziqwini zezihlahla noma amagatsha, ngaphandle kokudinga umhlabathi), nakuba zikhona nasemhlabeni. Zonke zinesici se-rosette emaphakathi, esebenza njengendawo yokugcina amanzi ukuze isitshalo sisetshenziswe ngezikhathi ezomile.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile ezifanele ukulinywa ngaphandle yilezi:

• I-Aechmea: imelana kakhulu futhi inama-inflorescence ahlala isikhathi eside.
• E-Guzmania: amaqabunga ayisicaba, acwebezelayo aluhlaza nezimbali ezinhle.
• I-Neoregelia: ama-rosette avulekile namaqabunga anemibala, ahlobisa kakhulu.
• IVriesea: izikhonkwane zezimbali ezimise okwezimpaphe.
• I-Tillandsia: ihlanganisa "izitshalo zomoya" ezidumile.
• U-Ananas comosus: uphayinaphu owaziwayo, othuthukisa ama-bromeliad amancane amancane.

Kungani ukhetha ama-bromeliads ukuze asetshenziswe ngaphandle?

I-Bromeliads iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezingadi namathafa ngenxa yazo ukugcinwa okuphansi, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokumelana okuphezulu nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Ukukhula kwabo kungase kube kancane, kodwa kunxephezela nge- ubude besikhathi sokuhlobisa kanye nomthelela obonakalayo omangalisayo ngenxa yokuhluka kwemibala phakathi kwamaqabunga awo nama-bracts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlanza umoya futhi zidinga indawo encane, okuzenza zilungele labo abafuna izitshalo ezingavamile ezingadingi ukunakekelwa njalo.

Ingabe i-bromeliad ingatshalwa ngaphandle?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukukhula bromeliads ngaphandleikakhulukazi ku izindawo zezulu ezifudumele noma ezipholile lapho izinga lokushisa elincane ngokuvamile lingehli ngaphansi kuka-3-5 °C. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukubekezela kunezinye ukuchayeka ngokuqondile, kanti ezinye zingamelana amakhaza alula (kuze kufike ku -1ºC noma -2ºC) uma bevikelekile.

Okubalulekile wukukhetha kahle izinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokuzivumelanisa nemvelo: Ama-bromeliad anesikhumba, amaqabunga ahlangene afaneleka kangcono ngaphandle. Lawo anamaqabunga athambile, amancane asetshenziswa kangcono njengezitshalo zasendlini noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikela isithwathwa kanye nendawo efanelekile kwenza umehluko uma kuziwa ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isitshalo sikhula kahle ngaphandle unyaka wonke.

Izimo zezulu nezici okufanele zicatshangelwe

Ngaphambi kokuthi unqume ukutshala ama-bromeliad ngaphandle, hlola indawo yakho:

• UkushisaIningi lama-bromeliads likhetha amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-15°C no-27°C futhi awabekezeleli isithwathwa esiphindaphindiwe. Ezinye zingakwazi ukusinda emazingeni okushisa aze afike ku-2°C uma evikelekile emoyeni nasesithwathwaneni.
• Umswakama: Zidinga isilinganiso esithile somswakama, nakuba eziqine kakhulu zibekezelela izikhathi zesomiso uma izimpande zazo zikwazi ukukha amanzi.
• Ukuvezwa yilanga: Ukukhanya kufanele kube ekhazimulayo kodwa engaqondileIlanga eliqondile lishisa amaqabunga, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlamvu athambile. Okufanelekile, kufanele zibekwe ngaphansi komthunzi okhanyayo wezihlahla noma eduze kwezindonga ezivimba ilanga.

Indawo ekahle yama-bromeliad angaphandle

Indawo ekahle yama-bromeliads akho angaphandle kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zimo:

• Umthunzi oyingxenye: Sebenzisa ngokunenzuzo isembozo sezihlahla, ama-pergolas noma izindonga ezibheke empumalanga noma enyakatho.
• UkuvikelwaUma isimo sezulu sipholile/kubanda, zitshale eduze kwezindonga, ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma kumavulandi avaliwe.
• I-aeration enhleGwema izindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu nezivaliwe lapho umoya ungantenga khona futhi ukhuthaze isikhunta.
• Gwema okusalungiswa okubandayo: Umoya onamandla noma amakhaza aqondile angalimaza ama-bromeliad, ikakhulukazi ebusika.

Inhlabathi efanelekile kanye ne-substrate

Ama-bromeliad awadingi inhlabathi ejulile noma eminyene. Bakhetha ama-substrates akhanyayo, anomoya ane-drainage enhle kakhuluZingatshalwa ngqo engadini uma indawo idonsa kahle, noma ezimbizeni (mhlawumbe ziphansi futhi zibanzi).

Izinhlanganisela ezinconyiwe:

• Ingxube ye-orchid, igxolo likaphayini ne-sphagnum moss.
• Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ze-blond peat kanye nengxenye yesithathu yesihlabathi esimahhadla.
• Ukufakwa kwamalahle ukuvimbela ukubola.

Gwema ubumba noma inhlabathi enzima. Uma ikhula esitsheni, qiniseka ukuthi inezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi bese wengeza ungqimba lwetshe noma amatshe phansi.

Ukunisela okufanele kwama-bromeliad angaphandle

Ama-bromeliads Abawabekezeleli amanzi amaningi, kodwa nabo abafuni ukoma. Imfihlo ukuchelela okulingene, kuvumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nesizini:

• Ehlobo: amanzi 2 noma 3 izikhathi ngesonto, ikakhulukazi uma kushisa kakhulu.
• Unyaka wonke: njalo ezinsukwini eziyisi-7 kuye kweziyi-10 ngokuvamile kwanele.

Indlela ekahle yile amanzi avela phezulu, egcwalisa inkomishi emaphakathi yerosette. Sebenzisa amanzi emvula noma i-descaled, njengoba i-limescale ilimaza amaqabunga ne-substrate. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukukuqoqa, vumela amanzi ompompi ahlale ubusuku bonke ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uwachelele ngobumnene ukuze ugweme ukuchaphazeka nokucwilisa inhlabathi.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukufutha amaqabunga uma imvelo yomile kakhulu futhi iphuze kancane izinhlangothi ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ezimpandeni ezingaphezulu.

Ungawavikela kanjani ama-bromeliad emakhazeni nakwesinye isimo sezulu esingesihle

Ngezikhathi ezibandayo noma zesithwathwa, thatha lezi zinyathelo:

• Hambisa amabhodwe ezindaweni ezivikelekile, njengamavulandi noma amagalari avaliwe, lapho amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-3ºC kulindeleke.
• Vala isisekelo nge-mulch, amagxolo noma ingubo yokulala eshisayo ebusuku uma iphansi.
• Khetha izindawo ezivikelekile eduze kwezindonga noma ngaphansi kwama-canopies aminyene anciphisa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomthelela wesithwathwa.
• Gwema ukunisela ngokweqile ebusika, njengoba inhlanganisela yomswakama kanye nokubanda kungabangela izimpande nentamo yesitshalo ukubola.

Amathiphu okutshala ama-bromeliad engadini yangaphandle

1. Ukulungiswa komhlabathiFaka umoya endaweni bese wengeza inhlabathi elula uma kunesidingo. Hlola amanzi amile ngemva kwemvula ngaphambi kokutshala.
2. Ukutshala: Susa ngokucophelela i-bromeliad esitsheni, ugcine i-rosette ingajulile futhi ungayingcwabi intamo.
3. Ukuchelela kuqala: Nisela ngobumnene ngemva kokutshala, ugcwalise i-rosette futhi umanzise kancane inhlabathi.
4. Indawo yokugcina: Gcina isitshalo sivikelekile elangeni eliqondile, ikakhulukazi phakathi namahora ashisa kakhulu osuku.

I-Bromeliads ezimbizeni noma emhlabathini: yikuphi okungcono?

Uma unenketho, tshala ama-bromeliads endaweni inhlabathi engadini Kungcono uma kunesimo sezulu esipholile, ngoba i-thermal inertia yomhlaba iyabavikela ekuqineni. izimbiza zezimbali Zilungele izinhlobo ezithambile noma uma uhlala ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo, njengoba zikuvumela ukuthi uzihambise kalula endlini uma kunesidingo.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi beka amabhodwe eduze kwezindonga, uthango, noma izihlahla ezide ukuze udale isimo sezulu esingesihle kanye nokukhanya okwanele.

Ukunakekelwa okubalulekile kwama-bromeliad angaphandle

• LuzGwema ukuchayeka elangeni ngokugcwele, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Khetha ukukhanya okuthambile noma umthunzi omncane.
• UmswakamaGcina indawo enomswakama, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile. Gcoba amaqabunga bese ubeka amathreyi amanzi eduze uma kunesidingo.
• UmanyoloAbawudingi umanyolo omningi. Sebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi wama-bromeliad noma ama-orchid, ahlanjululwe ngesigamu, kanye ngenyanga entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Faka isicelo ku-rosette, ungalokothi emhlabathini.
• Ukuphefumula: Iqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle komoya, kodwa ngaphandle kwemisinga ebandayo eqondile.
• Izihlahla: Susa amaqabunga omile noma awonakele ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula futhi uvimbele izifo.

Ukusakazeka kwe-bromeliads: indlela yokuphindaphinda

Ama-Bromeliad aqhakaza kanye kuphela ekuphileni kwawo, futhi ngemva kokuqhakaza isitshalo esingumzali ngokuvamile siyafa. Nokho, zivame ukuqhakaza kanye ekuphileni kwazo. veza inzalo noma “imidlwane” ezansi. Lapho la mahlumela efinyelela ingxenye yesithathu yobukhulu besitshalo esingumzali (10-15 cm), ungawahlukanisa futhi uwatshale endaweni engaphansi.

Inqubo:

• Susa ngokucophelela ihlumela ngommese ohlanzekile.
• Tshala ku-substrate ene-aerated bese uchelela ngobumnene.
• Beka endaweni evikelekile futhi ekhanyayo kuze kube yilapho iqala ukuthuthukisa i-rosette yayo.

Zingasakazwa futhi ngembewu, nakuba ihamba kancane futhi inzima kakhulu.

Ukuqhakaza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo we-bromeliad

Ukuqhakaza kwe-bromeliads kungenye yezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu: zinganikeza ama-inflorescences amangalisayo futhi ehlala isikhathi eside, enama-bracts anemibala egqamile (ebomvu, ewolintshi, ebomvana, noma ephuzi) ehluke ngokuphelele kumahlamvu awo aluhlaza. Ngemva kokuqhakaza, isitshalo sikamama sizokwehla kancane kancane, kodwa inzalo izoqala kabusha umjikelezo wokuphila, inikeze ukuqhubeka kwayo yonke.

Izinambuzane nezifo ezivamile

• Ukunisela ngokweqile: Ibangela ukubola kwezimpande kanye nesisekelo. Nciphisa ukuchelela futhi uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi uma ubona amaqabunga aphuzi, aqinile.
• IzinambuzaneAma-aphid, ama-mealybugs, nezibungu zivame ukuvela endaweni eyomile. Ziqede ngokwakho ngotshwala noma uwoyela we-neem futhi uthuthukise umswakama.
• Amahlamvu ashileUma ubona amachashaza ansundu, hlola ukuchayeka elangeni bese uhambisa isitshalo emthunzini omncane.
• Ukuntuleka kwezimbaliLokhu kungaba ngenxa yomthunzi omningi noma ukuntuleka kwezakhi. Lungisa ukukhanya bese wengeza umanyolo othile entwasahlobo/ehlobo.

Izinzuzo kanye nelukuluku lokukhula kwe-bromeliads

• wakhe abahlanza umoya, ilungele abantu abane-allergies noma isikhathi esincane.
• Zidinga amanzi amancane kunezitshalo eziningi zokuhlobisa, zigwema izinkinga zesikhunta.
• Aziwona ubuthi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo ezimweni eziningi.
• Zingakhula zombili emhlabathini futhi zifakwe ezingodweni, kukhokho noma ezisekelweni zokuhlobisa.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nama-bromeliad angaphandle

• Ngingakwazi ukutshala ama-bromeliad endlini yokugezela? Yebo, uma inokukhanya okungaqondile kanye nomswakama omuhle.
• Ingabe kuyadingeka ukuwatshala? Kuphela uma ibhodwe liqinile kakhulu noma i-substrate iwohloka.
• Zingatshalwa ngembewu? Kuyenzeka, kodwa kudinga isikhathi esengeziwe nezimo ezilawulwayo; indlela elula ukuhlukanisa inzalo.
• Ngenzenjani uma i-bromeliad yami ingaqhakazi? Khulisa ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni okungaqondile futhi usebenzise umanyolo okhanyayo ku-rosette ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Ngalezi zincomo nokunakekelwa, ukukhula kwe-bromeliads ngaphandle Kulula kunalokho ucabanga. Udinga nje ukukhetha uhlobo nendawo ngokucophelela, uqaphe umswakama nokunisela, futhi uzivikele emakhazeni amakhulu. Ngale ndlela, ungajabulela ubuhle babo kanye ne-exoticism iminyaka, ugcwalisa ingadi yakho ngombala nobuntu.