Kungani zikhona izitshalo ezidla inyama? Lona ngomunye wemibuzo ethakazelisa kakhulu ngomhlaba wezitshalo futhi impendulo isithatha ohambweni olujabulisayo lokunqamula ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, izakhi zofuzo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayoNgezansi, sethula ukuhlaziya okujulile nokunemininingwane kwalesi simo, sihlanganisa okutholwe yisayensi kwakamuva, izici zezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu, kanye nezincazelo zezinqubo ezibangela ukuziphatha kwalezi zitshalo ekudla inyama.
Ziyini izitshalo ezidla inyama futhi zitholakala kuphi?
I-Las izitshalo ezidla inyama yilabo abakwaziyo donsa, ubambe, ubulale, futhi ugaye izilwane, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane nama-arthropods amancane. Lezi zitshalo zigqama ngokwethula ukuzivumelanisa okuyingqayizivele okubavumela ukuba bathole imisoco ebalulekile ezilwaneni zabo, into engavamile embusweni wezitshalo.
Indawo yezitshalo ezidla inyama ngokuvamile ibonakala ngokuthi umhlabathi ongenazo izakhi, ikakhulukazi ku-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, okuholele ekutheni bakhe ezinye izindlela zokudla. Lezi zitshalo zingatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene njengamaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi, amahlathi anomswakama, nenhlabathi ene-asidi, esabalaliswe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Izibonelo eziphawulekayo amaxhaphozi ase-United States (ikhaya le-Venus flytrap), izindawo ezishisayo zase-Asia nase-Australia, ngisho nezifunda ezithile zase-Europe. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene nezici, ungavakashela izinhlobo zezitshalo ezidla inyama.
Umsuka wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wezitshalo ezidla inyama
Ukuziphatha kwenyama ezitshalweni kwavela njengempendulo eguquguqukayo ukushoda kwezakhamzimba ezindaweni zaboUcwaningo oluhlukahlukene lwezofuzo luye lwathola ukuthi ikhono lokugaya izilwane lavela kulo izikhathi eziningana ngokuzimela (ukuhlangana kokuziphendukela kwemvelo) ngezigaba ezahlukene kanye namazwekazi, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwalelisu lokusinda ezinhlelweni zemvelo ezidlulele. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, bheka ilukuluku mayelana nezitshalo ezidla inyama.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi isenzakalo esibalulekile ekuveleni kwezitshalo ezidla inyama kwakuyi- ukuphindaphindeka kwegenome kukhokho ovamile wasenduloLokhu kuphindaphinda kwavumela ikhophi eyodwa yezakhi zofuzo, ekuqaleni ezazihloselwe imisebenzi eyisisekelo emaqabunga nasezimpandeni, ukuze zihlukanise futhi zigxile ekwakhiweni kogibe nokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya, kuyilapho enye iqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi evamile esekela ukuphila.
Ngale ndlela, izitshalo ziphinde zasebenzisa izakhi zofuzo ezazihilelekile ngaphambili ukumuncwa umsoco emhlabathini nasekuvikeleni amagciwane, ewanika umsebenzi omusha we gaya inyamazane yezilwaneAvela kanjena ama-enzyme anjenge-chitinase, anesibopho sokudiliza i-exoskeleton yezinambuzane, kanye ne-purple acid phosphatase, ebalulekile ekumunceni i-phosphorus ezinsalela zezilwane ezizingelayo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokunakekela lezi zitshalo endaweni ehlukene, vakashela ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ezidla inyama.
Ukuzijwayeza kanye nezindlela zokuzingela
- Izingibe eziwayo: Izitshalo ezifana ne ENepenthes Izitshalo ze-pitcher zikhiqiza iziqukathi eziqukethe uketshezi lokugaya ukudla. Izilwane ezizingelayo, ezikhangwa amaphunga nemibala, ziwela ogibeni, lapho zicwila khona futhi ziphulwe ama-enzyme athile.
- Izicupho zasentwasahlobo: The I-Venus flytrap (UDionaea muscipula) isibonelo esidume kakhulu. Amaqabunga awo asebenza njengemihlathi evalekayo lapho izinzwa zithola ukuba khona kwenyamazane ngaphezu kwawo.
- Izicupho zeglue: Izitshalo ezifana ISundew Zikhipha into enamathelayo ebusweni bamaqabunga azo. Lapho isinambuzane sihlala, siyavaleleka futhi sigayeke kancane kancane.
Ngayinye yalezi zindlela ihilela uchungechunge lwe ukuguqulwa kwe-morphological kanye ne-biochemical Ikhethekile kakhulu, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokubamba inyamazane nokugaya ukudla. Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokunakekela lezi zitshalo endlini ingatholakala kokuthi izitshalo ezidla inyama zasendlini.
Inqubo yokugaya nokumuncwa kwezakhi
Uma inyamazane isibanjiwe, isitshalo ikhiqiza ama-enzyme wokugaya ephula amaprotheni, amafutha, nezinye izakhi eziphilayo. Inqubo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni kanye nohlobo lwesicupho; ingahlala kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuye ngobukhulu kanye nohlobo lwenyamazane.
Imikhiqizo ewumphumela wokugaya imuncwa ngamaseli akhethekile emaqabunga ogibe, okuvumela ukufakwa kwe- i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus namanye ama-micronutrients abalulekile ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kanye ne-metabolism. Lezi zakhi zibalulekile, njengoba zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu noma zingekho emhlabathini lapho lezi zitshalo zihlala khona.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezidla inyama
Namuhla bangaphezu kwalokho Izinhlobo ezingama-750 zezitshalo ezidla inyama, isatshalaliswa ezizukulwaneni nasemindenini eyahlukene. Ezinye ezaziwa kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- UDionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap): Ikhethekile ezindaweni ezithile zase-United States.
- I-Sarracenia: Igcwele eNyakatho Melika.
- ENepenthes: Agcwele ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia naseMadagascar.
- ISundew: Inabamele kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ikakhulukazi e-Australia, eYurophu naseMelika.
- Iphengwini: Itholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene eYurophu, eMelika nase-Asia.
Ukuba khona kwayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezinjalo kubonisa ukuguquguquka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nekhono lalezi zitshalo ukwenza ikoloni ezindaweni ezithile zemvelo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwazo, ungavakashela izitshalo ezidla inyama zaseSpain.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo nokongiwa
Izitshalo ezidla inyama zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem ezihlala kuzo, zibe nomthelela ukulawula inani lezinambuzane kanye nokusebenza njengezinkomba zempilo yemvelo, njengoba kunjalo izwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwamanzi nekhwalithi yomhlabathiUkuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngokulondolozwa nokunakekelwa kwayo, hlola.
Nokho, izinhlobo eziningi zisengozini ngenxa yale ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuvuna okungekho emthethweniUkwanda kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kwamaxhaphozi, nokungcola kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo inani lemvelo lalezi zitshalo ezithakazelisayo.
Kubalulekile ukugqugquzela amasu okongiwa kwe-situ kanye ne-ex situ, ukukhuthaza imfundo yemvelo, nokulawula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala.
Ilukuluku kanye nenani lesayensi
Ngaphezu kokubaluleka kwazo kwezemvelo, izitshalo ezidla inyama bezilokhu ziyisihloko sezifundo zesayensi ezingenakubalwa, ezikhuthazayo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. izixazululo ezintsha ku-biotechnology ezindleleni zokulawula izinambuzane zebhayoloji.
Ikhono lazo lokuguqula ukuzivikela kube ukudla okudliwayo, ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwezicupho zazo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokugayeka kokudla kwazo kwenza izitshalo ezidla inyama zibe esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zokusungula imvelo. Zibuye zidume kakhulu ku-horticulture kanye nokuqoqa, ngenxa yobuhle bazo obungavamile kanye nokuthakazelisa abakukhuthazayo kokubili ama-amateurs kanye nochwepheshe.
Isenzakalo sezitshalo ezidla inyama sihlanganisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo endabeni engenakuqhathaniswa yokuphila. Ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo ngobuhlakani, lezi zitshalo zikwazile ukuchuma emhlabathini onenzondo, zashintsha ukuswelakala kwezakhi kube ithuba lokungcwelisa. Ucwaningo lwabo luyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nokusimama kwezitshalo emhlabeni wethu.
